This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Unclaimed
Roydon Fraser
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada

Basic Info

Basic Info is private.

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Journal article
Published: 11 July 2021 in Energies
Reads 0
Downloads 0

To ensure optimum working conditions for lithium-ion batteries, a numerical study is carried out for three-dimensional temperature distribution of a battery liquid cooling system in this work. The effect of channel size and inlet boundary conditions are evaluated on the temperature field of the battery modules. Based on the thermal behavior of discharging battery obtained experimental measurements, two temperature control strategies are proposed and studied. The results show that the channel width of the cooling plates has a great influence on the maximum temperature in the battery module. It is also revealed that increasing inlet water flow rate can significantly improve the heat transfer capacity of the battery thermal management system, while the relationship between them is not proportional. Lowering the inlet temperature can reduce the maximum temperature predicted in the battery module significantly. However, this will also lead to additional energy consumed by the cooling system. It is also found that the Scheme 5 among various temperature control strategies can ensure the battery pack working in the best temperature range in different depths of discharge. Compared with the traditional one with a given flow rate, the parasitic energy consumption in Scheme 5 can be reduced by around 80%.

ACS Style

Jiabin Duan; Jiapei Zhao; Xinke Li; Satyam Panchal; Jinliang Yuan; Roydon Fraser; Michael Fowler. Modeling and Analysis of Heat Dissipation for Liquid Cooling Lithium-Ion Batteries. Energies 2021, 14, 4187 .

AMA Style

Jiabin Duan, Jiapei Zhao, Xinke Li, Satyam Panchal, Jinliang Yuan, Roydon Fraser, Michael Fowler. Modeling and Analysis of Heat Dissipation for Liquid Cooling Lithium-Ion Batteries. Energies. 2021; 14 (14):4187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiabin Duan; Jiapei Zhao; Xinke Li; Satyam Panchal; Jinliang Yuan; Roydon Fraser; Michael Fowler. 2021. "Modeling and Analysis of Heat Dissipation for Liquid Cooling Lithium-Ion Batteries." Energies 14, no. 14: 4187.

Review
Published: 01 April 2021 in World Electric Vehicle Journal
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Emissions from the transportation sector are significant contributors to climate change and health problems because of the common use of gasoline vehicles. Countries in the world are attempting to transition away from gasoline vehicles and to electric vehicles (EVs), in order to reduce emissions. However, there are several practical limitations with EVs, one of which is the “range anxiety” issue, due to the lack of charging infrastructure, the high cost of long-ranged EVs, and the limited range of affordable EVs. One potential solution to the range anxiety problem is the use of range extenders, to extend the driving range of EVs while optimizing the costs and performance of the vehicles. This paper provides a comprehensive review of different types of EV range extending technologies, including internal combustion engines, free-piston linear generators, fuel cells, micro gas turbines, and zinc-air batteries, outlining their definitions, working mechanisms, and some recent developments of each range extending technology. A comparison between the different technologies, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each, is also presented to help address future research needs. Since EVs will be a significant part of the automotive industry future, range extenders will be an important concept to be explored to provide a cost-effective, reliable, efficient, and dynamic solution to combat the range anxiety issue that consumers currently have.

ACS Style

Manh-Kien Tran; Asad Bhatti; Reid Vrolyk; Derek Wong; Satyam Panchal; Michael Fowler; Roydon Fraser. A Review of Range Extenders in Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Progress and Future Perspectives. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2021, 12, 54 .

AMA Style

Manh-Kien Tran, Asad Bhatti, Reid Vrolyk, Derek Wong, Satyam Panchal, Michael Fowler, Roydon Fraser. A Review of Range Extenders in Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Progress and Future Perspectives. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2021; 12 (2):54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manh-Kien Tran; Asad Bhatti; Reid Vrolyk; Derek Wong; Satyam Panchal; Michael Fowler; Roydon Fraser. 2021. "A Review of Range Extenders in Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Progress and Future Perspectives." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 2: 54.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2021 in Journal of Energy Storage
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The temperature and heat produced within lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is an important field of research as it affects the power, voltage, and degradation of the battery. Models quickly and accurately predict the temperature and voltage based on operating conditions and can prevent thermal runaway, increase charging speed, prevent lithium plating, and increase cycle life. This paper presents mathematical models that allow for fast calculation which are used in the battery management system (BMS) and battery thermal management system (BTMS) for these goals. This paper presents two distinct models: 1) Internal resistance (Rint) model, and 2) Physio-chemical diffusion/Butler-Volmer based partial differential 1-D model. In addition to this, the internal resistance in the Rint model is also modeled as a function of the state of charge (SOC) and C-rate. In the experiments, thermocouples are placed on the tabs as well as the surface of the battery, and it is observed that temperature increases with the C-rate at both the surface and the tabs. It is noted that at 4C, the battery temperature increased from 22.00°C to 47.40°C and the tab temperature increased from 22°C to 52.94°C. The simulation results are compared with experimental data at C-rates of 1C, 2C, 3C, and 4C at 22°C. Overall, the simulation results show that the temperature is predicted accurately with a simple Rint model. We also find that the simplified physio-chemical model of only 3 partial differential equations (PDEs) also produces satisfactory results compared to the usual 8-PDE model and is of similar accuracy as the Rint model. Finally, we find that the internal resistance of the battery, in the case of the Rint model, is accurately predicted by a function of current and SOC through the use of a Pearson curve and hyperbolic sine function. These findings aid in accurate thermal design and thermal management of LIBs.

ACS Style

A. Mevawalla; S. Panchal; M.-K. Tran; M. Fowler; R. Fraser. One dimensional fast computational partial differential model for heat transfer in lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Energy Storage 2021, 37, 102471 .

AMA Style

A. Mevawalla, S. Panchal, M.-K. Tran, M. Fowler, R. Fraser. One dimensional fast computational partial differential model for heat transfer in lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Energy Storage. 2021; 37 ():102471.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Mevawalla; S. Panchal; M.-K. Tran; M. Fowler; R. Fraser. 2021. "One dimensional fast computational partial differential model for heat transfer in lithium-ion batteries." Journal of Energy Storage 37, no. : 102471.

Journal article
Published: 26 January 2021 in Agriculture
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Nitrogen stress plays a critical role in corn yield reduction. Thermal remote sensing has many applications: as an assessment tool for urban heat island, as an ecological indicator of ecosystem development, and as a water-stress-detection tool. In this study, it was hypothesized that corn crops supplied with optimum or high rates of nitrogen would have lower surface temperatures compared to corn grown under nitrogen-stressed conditions. Two experiments were conducted in the greenhouse at the University of Guelph, Canada, from the period between 2015 and 2016, involving three rates of nitrogen (high, medium, and low rates) supplied to corn plants after seed emergence. Leaf and whorl temperatures were collected by using a high-resolution thermal camera, an infrared handheld point measurements gun, and a type T thermocouple, respectively. An approximate difference of 2 °C was observed in temperatures between plants receiving high and low rates of nitrogen. These results supported the hypothesis that nitrogen-stressed plants have higher temperatures compared to less stressed plants, at a 0.05 significance level. This study investigated the application of the exergy destruction principle through thermal remote sensing, to detect crop stress at early growth stages under greenhouse conditions, to increase the production and reduce the harmful environmental impact.

ACS Style

Heba Alzaben; Roydon Fraser; Clarence Swanton. The Role of Engineering Thermodynamics in Explaining the Inverse Correlation between Surface Temperature and Supplied Nitrogen Rate in Corn Plants: A Greenhouse Case Study. Agriculture 2021, 11, 101 .

AMA Style

Heba Alzaben, Roydon Fraser, Clarence Swanton. The Role of Engineering Thermodynamics in Explaining the Inverse Correlation between Surface Temperature and Supplied Nitrogen Rate in Corn Plants: A Greenhouse Case Study. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (2):101.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heba Alzaben; Roydon Fraser; Clarence Swanton. 2021. "The Role of Engineering Thermodynamics in Explaining the Inverse Correlation between Surface Temperature and Supplied Nitrogen Rate in Corn Plants: A Greenhouse Case Study." Agriculture 11, no. 2: 101.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2020 in Vehicles
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Emissions from the transportation sector due to the consumption of fossil fuels by conventional vehicles have been a major cause of climate change. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are a cleaner solution to reduce the emissions caused by transportation, and well-designed HEVs can also outperform conventional vehicles. This study examines various powertrain configurations and components to design a hybrid powertrain that can satisfy the performance criteria given by the EcoCAR Mobility Challenge competition. These criteria include acceleration, braking, driving range, fuel economy, and emissions. A total of five different designs were investigated using MATLAB/Simulink simulations to obtain the necessary performance metrics. Only one powertrain design was found to satisfy all the performance targets. This design is a P4 hybrid powertrain consisting of a 2.5 L engine from General Motors, a 150 kW electric motor with an electronic drive unit (EDU) from American Axle Manufacturing, and a 133 kW battery pack from Hybrid Design Services.

ACS Style

Manh-Kien Tran; Mobaderin Akinsanya; Satyam Panchal; Roydon Fraser; Michael Fowler. Design of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain for Performance Optimization Considering Various Powertrain Components and Configurations. Vehicles 2020, 3, 20 -32.

AMA Style

Manh-Kien Tran, Mobaderin Akinsanya, Satyam Panchal, Roydon Fraser, Michael Fowler. Design of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain for Performance Optimization Considering Various Powertrain Components and Configurations. Vehicles. 2020; 3 (1):20-32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manh-Kien Tran; Mobaderin Akinsanya; Satyam Panchal; Roydon Fraser; Michael Fowler. 2020. "Design of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain for Performance Optimization Considering Various Powertrain Components and Configurations." Vehicles 3, no. 1: 20-32.

Journal article
Published: 16 December 2020 in Batteries
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The temperature and heat produced by lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles is an important field of investigation as it determines the power, performance, and cycle life of the battery pack. This paper presented both laboratory data and simulation results at C-rates of 1C, 2C, 3C, and 4C at an ambient temperature of approximately 23 °C. During experiment thermocouples were placed on the surface of the battery. The thermal model assumed constant current discharge and was experimentally validated. It was observed that temperature increased with C-rates at both the surface and the tabs. We note that at 4C the battery temperature increased from 22 °C to 47.40 °C and the tab temperature increased from 22 °C to 52.94 °C. Overall, the simulation results showed that more heat was produced in the cathode than the anode, the primary source of heat was the electrolyte resistance, and the battery temperature was the highest near the tabs and in the internal space of the battery. Simulation of the lithium concentration within the battery showed that the lithium concentration was more uniform in the anode than in the cathode. These results can help the accurate thermal design and thermal management of Li-ion batteries.

ACS Style

Anosh Mevawalla; Satyam Panchal; Manh-Kien Tran; Michael Fowler; Roydon Fraser. Mathematical Heat Transfer Modeling and Experimental Validation of Lithium-Ion Battery Considering: Tab and Surface Temperature, Separator, Electrolyte Resistance, Anode-Cathode Irreversible and Reversible Heat. Batteries 2020, 6, 61 .

AMA Style

Anosh Mevawalla, Satyam Panchal, Manh-Kien Tran, Michael Fowler, Roydon Fraser. Mathematical Heat Transfer Modeling and Experimental Validation of Lithium-Ion Battery Considering: Tab and Surface Temperature, Separator, Electrolyte Resistance, Anode-Cathode Irreversible and Reversible Heat. Batteries. 2020; 6 (4):61.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anosh Mevawalla; Satyam Panchal; Manh-Kien Tran; Michael Fowler; Roydon Fraser. 2020. "Mathematical Heat Transfer Modeling and Experimental Validation of Lithium-Ion Battery Considering: Tab and Surface Temperature, Separator, Electrolyte Resistance, Anode-Cathode Irreversible and Reversible Heat." Batteries 6, no. 4: 61.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2020 in Energies
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The investigation and improvement of the cooling process of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) used in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are required in order to achieve better performance and longer lifespan. In this manuscript, the temperature and velocity profiles of cooling plates used to cool down the large prismatic Graphite/LiFePO4 battery are presented using both laboratory testing and modeling techniques. Computed tomography (CT) scanning was utilized for the cooling plate, Detroit Engineering Products (DEP) MeshWorks 8.0 was used for meshing of the cooling plate, and STAR CCM+ was used for simulation. The numerical investigation was conducted for higher C-rates of 3C and 4C with different ambient temperatures. For the experimental work, three heat flux sensors were attached to the battery surface. Water was used as a coolant inside the cooling plate to cool down the battery. The mass flow rate at each channel was 0.000277677 kg/s. The k-ε model was then utilized to simulate the turbulent behaviour of the fluid in the cooling plate, and the thermal behaviour under constant current (CC) discharge was studied and validated with the experimental data. This study provides insight into thermal and flow characteristics of the coolant inside a cooing plate, which can be used for designing more efficient cooling plates.

ACS Style

Satyam Panchal; Krishna Gudlanarva; Manh-Kien Tran; Roydon Fraser; Michael Fowler. High Reynold’s Number Turbulent Model for Micro-Channel Cold Plate Using Reverse Engineering Approach for Water-Cooled Battery in Electric Vehicles. Energies 2020, 13, 1638 .

AMA Style

Satyam Panchal, Krishna Gudlanarva, Manh-Kien Tran, Roydon Fraser, Michael Fowler. High Reynold’s Number Turbulent Model for Micro-Channel Cold Plate Using Reverse Engineering Approach for Water-Cooled Battery in Electric Vehicles. Energies. 2020; 13 (7):1638.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Satyam Panchal; Krishna Gudlanarva; Manh-Kien Tran; Roydon Fraser; Michael Fowler. 2020. "High Reynold’s Number Turbulent Model for Micro-Channel Cold Plate Using Reverse Engineering Approach for Water-Cooled Battery in Electric Vehicles." Energies 13, no. 7: 1638.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2020 in Ecological Indicators
Reads 0
Downloads 0

As ecological restoration projects increase in size and complexity, scalable indicators of biodiversity change are needed for monitoring and evaluation. Through three experiments, we tested (1) if relative surface temperature decreased over time across 31 fields initially restored from agriculture to oak woodland between 2006 and 2013, (2) if diurnal temperature variation decreased with time since restoration for the same fields, and (3) if plant species diversity affects relative surface temperature change when controlling for biomass and shade. Thermal imagery was acquired from Landsat satellites 5, 7 and 8 for each growing season in 2002–2018 (excluding 2012) and from the ECOSTRESS thermal instrument on the International Space Station (ISS) for 2018. Three of the 31 fields were surveyed annually 2007–2018 for plant species diversity, ground and canopy cover, and number of woody stems. All surface temperatures were measured in percentage difference relative to adjacent mature forest areas that exhibited stable temperature responses over time. We found (1) a mean decrease in temperature of 1.5 percentage point per year since restoration; (2) a decrease of 4 percentage points of diurnal temperature difference per year since restoration for the same fields; and (3) when controlling for ground and canopy cover, stem count, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, an increase of one ‘effective number’ of plant species diversity decreased relative temperature by 5 percentage points. These results correspond to a decrease of daytime temperature of 4.5 °C over 12 years, a decrease of diurnal temperature variation of 5 °C in 8 years and a 0.3 °C decrease per extra plant species. Our results offer compelling evidence that relative temperature has potential to be used as an indicator to measure ecosystem change resulting from restoration.

ACS Style

L. Jonas Hamberg; Roydon A. Fraser; Derek T. Robinson; Andrew J. Trant; Stephen D. Murphy. Surface temperature as an indicator of plant species diversity and restoration in oak woodland. Ecological Indicators 2020, 113, 106249 .

AMA Style

L. Jonas Hamberg, Roydon A. Fraser, Derek T. Robinson, Andrew J. Trant, Stephen D. Murphy. Surface temperature as an indicator of plant species diversity and restoration in oak woodland. Ecological Indicators. 2020; 113 ():106249.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. Jonas Hamberg; Roydon A. Fraser; Derek T. Robinson; Andrew J. Trant; Stephen D. Murphy. 2020. "Surface temperature as an indicator of plant species diversity and restoration in oak woodland." Ecological Indicators 113, no. : 106249.

Journal article
Published: 24 October 2019 in Energies
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The cold, remote, northern regions of Canada constitute a challenging environment for the provision of reliable energy and food supply to communities. A transition from fossil fuels to renewables-based sources of energy is one positive step in reducing the greenhouse gases from the energy supply system, which currently requires long-distance transport of diesel for electricity and heating needs. Geothermal energy can not only displace diesel for part of this energy need, it can provide a base-load source of local energy to support food production and mitigate adverse impacts of food insecurity on communities. In this proof-of-concept study, we highlight some potential benefits of using geothermal energy to serve Canada’s northern communities. Specifically, we focus on food security and evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of producing vegetables in a “controlled environment”, using ground sources of heat for energy requirements at three remote locations—Resolute Bay, Nunavut, as well as Moosonee and Pagwa in Ontario. The system is designed for geothermal district heating combined with efficient use of nutrients, water, and heat to yield a diverse crop of vegetables at an average cost up to 50% lower than the current cost of these vegetables delivered to Resolute Bay. The estimates of thermal energy requirements vary by location (e.g., they are in the range of 41 to 44 kW of thermal energy for a single greenhouse in Resolute Bay). To attain adequate system size to support the operation of such greenhouses, it is expected that up to 15% of the annually recommended servings of vegetables can be provided. Our comparative analysis of geothermal system capital costs shows significantly lower capital costs in Southern Ontario compared to Northern Canada—lower by one-third. Notwithstanding high capital costs, our study demonstrates the technical and economic feasibility of producing vegetables cost-effectively in the cold northern climate. This suggests that geothermal energy systems can supply the heat needed for greenhouse applications in remote northern regions, supplying a reliable and robust source of cost-competitive sustainable energy over the long-term and providing a basis for improved food security and economic empowerment of communities.

ACS Style

Carson Kinney; Alireza Dehghani-Sanij; SeyedBijan Mahbaz; Maurice B. Dusseault; Jatin S. Nathwani; Roydon A. Fraser; Dehghani- Sanij. Geothermal Energy for Sustainable Food Production in Canada’s Remote Northern Communities. Energies 2019, 12, 4058 .

AMA Style

Carson Kinney, Alireza Dehghani-Sanij, SeyedBijan Mahbaz, Maurice B. Dusseault, Jatin S. Nathwani, Roydon A. Fraser, Dehghani- Sanij. Geothermal Energy for Sustainable Food Production in Canada’s Remote Northern Communities. Energies. 2019; 12 (21):4058.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carson Kinney; Alireza Dehghani-Sanij; SeyedBijan Mahbaz; Maurice B. Dusseault; Jatin S. Nathwani; Roydon A. Fraser; Dehghani- Sanij. 2019. "Geothermal Energy for Sustainable Food Production in Canada’s Remote Northern Communities." Energies 12, no. 21: 4058.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2019 in World Electric Vehicle Journal
Reads 0
Downloads 0

A hydrogen rail (hydrail) powertrain is conceptualized in this study, using drive cycles collected from the trains currently working on the Union Pearson Express (UPE) railroad. The powertrain consists of three preliminary different subsystems: fuel cell, battery, and hydrogen storage systems. A backward design approach is proposed to calculate the time-variable power demand based on a “route simulation data” method. The powertrain components are then conceptually sized according to the calculated duty cycle. The results of this study show that 275 kg of hydrogen is sufficient to satisfy the daily power and energy demand of a hydrogen locomotive with drive cycles similar to the ones currently working on the UPE rail route.

ACS Style

Mehran Haji Akhoundzadeh; Kaamran Raahemifar; Satyam Panchal; Ehsan Samadani; Ehsan Haghi; Roydon Fraser; Michael Fowler. A Conceptualized Hydrail Powertrain: A Case Study of the Union Pearson Express Route. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2019, 10, 32 .

AMA Style

Mehran Haji Akhoundzadeh, Kaamran Raahemifar, Satyam Panchal, Ehsan Samadani, Ehsan Haghi, Roydon Fraser, Michael Fowler. A Conceptualized Hydrail Powertrain: A Case Study of the Union Pearson Express Route. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2019; 10 (2):32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehran Haji Akhoundzadeh; Kaamran Raahemifar; Satyam Panchal; Ehsan Samadani; Ehsan Haghi; Roydon Fraser; Michael Fowler. 2019. "A Conceptualized Hydrail Powertrain: A Case Study of the Union Pearson Express Route." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 2: 32.

Journal article
Published: 19 January 2019 in Batteries
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Vehicle electrification increases the fuel efficiency of the transportation sector while lowering emissions. Eventually, however, electric vehicle batteries will reach their end-of-life (EOL) point, when the capacity of the battery is insufficient for operating a motor vehicle. At this point, the battery is typically removed for recycling. This treatment of the electric vehicle battery is not efficient, as there is still a high enough storage capacity that they can be used in various non-vehicular uses. Unfortunately, there are numerous barriers limiting the adoption of re-used electric vehicle batteries. Herein, the authors analyze the limitations and current codes and standards that affect re-purposed battery pack designs. Utilizing these requirements, a bench test setup is designed and built, to determine feasibility of a repurposed electric vehicle (EV) battery for stationary energy storage in Canada.

ACS Style

John W. A. Catton; Sean B. Walker; Paul McInnis; Michael Fowler; Roydon A. Fraser; Steven B. Young; Ben Gaffney. Design and Analysis of the Use of Re-Purposed Electric Vehicle Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage in Canada. Batteries 2019, 5, 14 .

AMA Style

John W. A. Catton, Sean B. Walker, Paul McInnis, Michael Fowler, Roydon A. Fraser, Steven B. Young, Ben Gaffney. Design and Analysis of the Use of Re-Purposed Electric Vehicle Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage in Canada. Batteries. 2019; 5 (1):14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John W. A. Catton; Sean B. Walker; Paul McInnis; Michael Fowler; Roydon A. Fraser; Steven B. Young; Ben Gaffney. 2019. "Design and Analysis of the Use of Re-Purposed Electric Vehicle Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage in Canada." Batteries 5, no. 1: 14.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in International Journal of Thermal Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Mehrdad Mastali; Evan Foreman; Ali Modjtahedi; Ehsan Samadani; Amir Amirfazli; Siamak Farhad; Roydon A. Fraser; Michael Fowler. Electrochemical-thermal modeling and experimental validation of commercial graphite/LiFePO 4 pouch lithium-ion batteries. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 2018, 129, 218 -230.

AMA Style

Mehrdad Mastali, Evan Foreman, Ali Modjtahedi, Ehsan Samadani, Amir Amirfazli, Siamak Farhad, Roydon A. Fraser, Michael Fowler. Electrochemical-thermal modeling and experimental validation of commercial graphite/LiFePO 4 pouch lithium-ion batteries. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 2018; 129 ():218-230.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehrdad Mastali; Evan Foreman; Ali Modjtahedi; Ehsan Samadani; Amir Amirfazli; Siamak Farhad; Roydon A. Fraser; Michael Fowler. 2018. "Electrochemical-thermal modeling and experimental validation of commercial graphite/LiFePO 4 pouch lithium-ion batteries." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 129, no. : 218-230.

Journal article
Published: 09 May 2018 in Safety
Reads 0
Downloads 0

In the workplace, safety must be the first priority of all employers and employees alike. In order to maintain the safety and well-being of their employees, employers must demonstrate due diligence and provide the appropriate safety training to familiarize employees with the hazards within the workplace. Although, a student “project team” is not a business, the work done by students for their respective teams is synonymous with the work done in a place of business and thus requires that similar safety precautions and training be administered to students by their team leads and faculty advisors. They take on the role of supervisors within the team dynamic. Student teams often utilize the guidelines and policies that their universities or colleges have developed in order to build a set of standard operating procedures and safety training modules. These guidelines aid in providing a base for training for the team, however, they are no substitute for training specific to the safety risks associated with the work the team is doing. In order to comply with these requirements, a full analysis of the workplace is required to be completed. A variety of safety analysis techniques need to be applied to define the hazards within the workplace and institute appropriate measures to mitigate them. In this work, a process is developed for establishing a safety training program for a student project team, utilizing systems safety management techniques and the aspect of gamification to produce incentives for students to continue developing their skills. Although, systems safety management is typically applied to the design of active safety components or systems, the techniques for identifying and mitigating hazards can be applied in the same fashion to the workplace. They allow one to analyze their workplace and determine the hazards their employees might encounter, assign appropriate hazard ratings and segregate each respective hazard by their risks. In so doing, safety level assignment can be completed to ensure team members are trained to be able to work on the systems associated with a given risk level.

ACS Style

John Catton; Ramin Shaikhi; Michael Fowler; Roydon Fraser. Designing and Developing an Effective Safety Program for a Student Project Team. Safety 2018, 4, 21 .

AMA Style

John Catton, Ramin Shaikhi, Michael Fowler, Roydon Fraser. Designing and Developing an Effective Safety Program for a Student Project Team. Safety. 2018; 4 (2):21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Catton; Ramin Shaikhi; Michael Fowler; Roydon Fraser. 2018. "Designing and Developing an Effective Safety Program for a Student Project Team." Safety 4, no. 2: 21.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2015 in Electrochimica Acta
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Ehsan Samadani; Siamak Farhad; William Scott; Mehrdad Mastali; Leonardo E. Gimenez; Michael Fowler; Roydon A. Fraser. Empirical Modeling of Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Tests. Electrochimica Acta 2015, 160, 169 -177.

AMA Style

Ehsan Samadani, Siamak Farhad, William Scott, Mehrdad Mastali, Leonardo E. Gimenez, Michael Fowler, Roydon A. Fraser. Empirical Modeling of Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Tests. Electrochimica Acta. 2015; 160 ():169-177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ehsan Samadani; Siamak Farhad; William Scott; Mehrdad Mastali; Leonardo E. Gimenez; Michael Fowler; Roydon A. Fraser. 2015. "Empirical Modeling of Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Tests." Electrochimica Acta 160, no. : 169-177.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2012 in Energies
Reads 0
Downloads 0

In the energy realm there is a pressing need to make decisions in a complex world characterized by biophysical limits. Exergy has been promoted as a preferred means of characterizing the impacts of resource consumption and waste production for the purpose of improving decision-making. This paper provides a unique and critical analysis of universal and comprehensive formulations of the chemical exergy reference environment, for the purpose of better understanding how exergy can inform decision-making. Four related insights emerged from the analysis, notably: (1) standard and universal chemical exergy reference environments necessarily encounter internal inconsistencies and even contradictions in their very formulations; (2) these inconsistencies are a result of incompatibility between the exergy reference environment and natural environment, and the desire to model the exergy reference environment after the natural environment so as to maintain analytical relevance; (3) the topics for which exergy is most appropriate as an analytical tool are not well served by comprehensive reference environments, and (4) the inconsistencies point to a need for deeper reflection of whether it is appropriate to adopt a thermodynamic frame of analysis for situations whose relevant characteristics are non-thermodynamic (e.g., to characterize scarcity). The use of comprehensive reference environments may lead to incorrect recommendations and ultimately reduce its appeal for informing decision-making. Exergy may better inform decision-making by returning to process dependent reference states that model specific processes and situations for the purpose of engineering optimization.

ACS Style

Kyrke Gaudreau; Roydon A. Fraser; Stephen Murphy. The Characteristics of the Exergy Reference Environment and Its Implications for Sustainability-Based Decision-Making. Energies 2012, 5, 2197 -2213.

AMA Style

Kyrke Gaudreau, Roydon A. Fraser, Stephen Murphy. The Characteristics of the Exergy Reference Environment and Its Implications for Sustainability-Based Decision-Making. Energies. 2012; 5 (7):2197-2213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kyrke Gaudreau; Roydon A. Fraser; Stephen Murphy. 2012. "The Characteristics of the Exergy Reference Environment and Its Implications for Sustainability-Based Decision-Making." Energies 5, no. 7: 2197-2213.

Journal article
Published: 23 September 2011 in International Journal of Energy Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

With today's rapidly changing vehicle market, many advanced vehicle technologies are being evaluated at varying levels of governments and private organizations. This paper is intended to provide insight into the evaluation of vehicle power train technology and a brief state of the industry regarding new vehicle technology and alternative fuels. The paper proposes that public policymakers focus on metrics such as well‐to‐wheel greenhouse gas emissions and criteria air pollutants. Such a focus makes hydrogen vehicle technology much more attractive. The integration of a plug‐in hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is described as it is found to be a promising vehicle architecture for the long‐term automotive power train. Detailed mechanical and electrical integration is described in the paper. An innovative control system that was used on this vehicle and the control system is described. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ACS Style

Alexander K. Koch; Michael W. Fowler; Roydon Andrew Fraser. Implementation of a fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and factors affecting transportation policy. International Journal of Energy Research 2011, 35, 1371 -1388.

AMA Style

Alexander K. Koch, Michael W. Fowler, Roydon Andrew Fraser. Implementation of a fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and factors affecting transportation policy. International Journal of Energy Research. 2011; 35 (15):1371-1388.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander K. Koch; Michael W. Fowler; Roydon Andrew Fraser. 2011. "Implementation of a fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and factors affecting transportation policy." International Journal of Energy Research 35, no. 15: 1371-1388.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2011 in International Journal of Powertrains
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Advanced powertrain development is accelerated with increased safety using model-based design tools and in-the-loop validation. The effective application of a 'Hardware-in-the-Loop' (HIL) and 'Software-in-the-Loop' (SIL) simulation system for the development of the safety and hybrid control algorithms for a hydrogen fuel cell hybrid passenger vehicle are described in this work. Models of the powertrain subsystems are assembled from vehicle test data. SIL simulation is used to test initial code integrity and to validate the HIL vehicle models. Battery charging control and hybrid control strategies are tested in HIL and the results are then validated in real-world application.

ACS Style

Erik Wilhelm; Michael Fowler; Roydon A. Fraser; Matthew Stevens. In-the-loop validation of fuel cell vehicle control. International Journal of Powertrains 2011, 1, 162 .

AMA Style

Erik Wilhelm, Michael Fowler, Roydon A. Fraser, Matthew Stevens. In-the-loop validation of fuel cell vehicle control. International Journal of Powertrains. 2011; 1 (2):162.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erik Wilhelm; Michael Fowler; Roydon A. Fraser; Matthew Stevens. 2011. "In-the-loop validation of fuel cell vehicle control." International Journal of Powertrains 1, no. 2: 162.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2010 in ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Volume 2
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Exergy is a thermodynamic concept that has been widely promoted for assessing and improving sustainability, notably in the characterization of resources and wastes. Despite having notable benefits, exergy is often misused by authors who tend to apply it as an intrinsic characteristic of an object (i.e., as a static thermodynamic property). Using both theoretical and empirical evidence the authors introduce the challenges involved with applying exergy as an intrinsic characteristic matter with particular focus on resource value and waste impact. These challenges lead to an in-depth discussion of current major reference environment formulations and reveals that the properties of exergy reference environments are not reconcilable with the properties of the natural environment. The authors conclude by arguing that exergy practitioners should abandon attempts to formulate standard comprehensive reference environments and return to process dependent reference environments that exergy was originally based upon. In this regard, the authors are proposing that exergy be seen as a context- or environment-dependent decision-making tool and not as an intrinsic characteristic of matter.

ACS Style

Kyrke Gaudreau; Roydon Andrew Fraser; Stephen Murphy. Resource Accounting and Waste Impact: Limitations of Exergy as a Sustainability Tool. ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Volume 2 2010, 899 -908.

AMA Style

Kyrke Gaudreau, Roydon Andrew Fraser, Stephen Murphy. Resource Accounting and Waste Impact: Limitations of Exergy as a Sustainability Tool. ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Volume 2. 2010; ():899-908.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kyrke Gaudreau; Roydon Andrew Fraser; Stephen Murphy. 2010. "Resource Accounting and Waste Impact: Limitations of Exergy as a Sustainability Tool." ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Volume 2 , no. : 899-908.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2009 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Exergy is a thermodynamic concept that has been widely promoted for assessing and improving sustainability, notably in the characterization of resources and wastes. Despite having many notable benefits, exergy is often misused by authors who tend to apply it as an intrinsic characteristic of an object (i.e., as a static thermodynamic variable). Using both theoretical and empirical evidence the authors present five key limitations that must be overcome before exergy can be applied to characterize objects: (1) the incompatibility between exergy quality and resource quality; (2) the inability of exergy to characterize non work-producing resources via the concentration exergy; (3) the constraints placed on the derivation of exergy; (4) problems with the exergy reference environment; and (5) the multiple perspectives applied to exergy analysis. Until the limitations are addressed, exergy should only be used for its original purpose as a decision making tool for engineering systems analysis.

ACS Style

Kyrke Gaudreau; Roydon A. Fraser; Stephen Murphy. The Tenuous Use of Exergy as a Measure of Resource Value or Waste Impact. Sustainability 2009, 1, 1444 -1463.

AMA Style

Kyrke Gaudreau, Roydon A. Fraser, Stephen Murphy. The Tenuous Use of Exergy as a Measure of Resource Value or Waste Impact. Sustainability. 2009; 1 (4):1444-1463.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kyrke Gaudreau; Roydon A. Fraser; Stephen Murphy. 2009. "The Tenuous Use of Exergy as a Measure of Resource Value or Waste Impact." Sustainability 1, no. 4: 1444-1463.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2006 in Energy
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The second law characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer inside a circular duct under fully developed forced convection for non-Newtonian fluids are presented. Heat flux is kept constant at the duct wall. Analytical expressions for dimensionless entropy generation number (NS), irreversibility distribution ratio (Φ), and Bejan number (Be) are obtained as functions of dimensionless radius (R), Peclet number (Pe), modified Eckert number (Ec), Prandtl number (Pr), dimensionless temperature difference (Ω), and fluid index (m or n). Spatial distributions of local and average entropy generation number, irreversibility ratio, and Bejan number are presented graphically. For a particular value of fluid index, n=1 (or m=2), the general entropy generation number expression for a non-Newtonian power-law fluid reduces to the expression for Newtonian fluid as expected. Furthermore, entropy generation minimization is applied to calculate an optimum fluid index (nEGM). A correlation is proposed that calculates nEGMas a function of group parameter (Ec×Pr/Ω) and Peclet number (Pe) within ±5% accuracy. Finally, for some selected fluid indices, the governing equations are solved numerically in order to obtain Nusselt number. It is observed that the numerically obtained asymptotic Nusselt number shows excellent agreement with the analytically obtained Nusselt number.

ACS Style

Shohel Mahmud; Roydon Andrew Fraser. Second law analysis of forced convection in a circular duct for non-Newtonian fluids. Energy 2006, 31, 2226 -2244.

AMA Style

Shohel Mahmud, Roydon Andrew Fraser. Second law analysis of forced convection in a circular duct for non-Newtonian fluids. Energy. 2006; 31 (12):2226-2244.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shohel Mahmud; Roydon Andrew Fraser. 2006. "Second law analysis of forced convection in a circular duct for non-Newtonian fluids." Energy 31, no. 12: 2226-2244.