The article presents the scientific results of a study assessing agroclimatic resources in agricultural landscapes located in various natural zones of the Turkestan region of the RK (Republic of Kazakhstan). The research methods included classical and modern methods of mathematical statistics using digital technology and time series graphs to develop a mathematical model for climatic and hydrological indicators. Assessment of changes in indicators of agroclimatic resources in agricultural landscapes for 1941–2020 showed that the sum of air temperature, evaporation from the water surface and radiation balance of the daytime surface, characterising the energy resources of landscapes, increased by 10–15%, which contributes to increase in the total water consumption of agricultural land by 10–12%. Meanwhile, the decreasing tendency of the amount of precipitation by 5–10% in all natural climatic zones of the region has become one of the factors leading to a decrease in the natural moisture supply of the soil and vegetation cover of landscapes by 10–15%, acting as important environment-forming and ecological functions. The combined impact of these environment-forming factors has become the key reason for the increase in the deficit of agricultural land water consumption by 15–20%, the reduction of solar energy costs for the soil-forming process by 10–15% and the increase of the climate aridisation, and has become a signal for the need in the safety of agricultural activities, requiring the development of a set of adaptive measures to mitigate this process in the region.

This article presents the results of a study assessing changes in climatic resources in various natural zones of the Zhetysu region, Republic of Kazakhstan, conducted based on long-term climate data for the period 1966 to 2024 (from 12 meteorological stations). The study examines current trends in climatic indicators in spatial and temporal aspects that influence agricultural land use within the region. The first part of this study examines current trends in climate indicators from both spatial and temporal perspectives within the Zhetysu Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan; the second part focuses on studying trends in climate indicators using the non-parametric Mann–Kendall test and the Sen’s slope test, as well as Fisher’s t-test. The authors identified divergent trends in relative air humidity and precipitation and detected a steady trend toward an increase in the average annual air temperature across the region. Based on the analysis of time series of climate-forming and climate–environment-forming indicators, a persistent increasing trend in mean annual air temperature was identified, while relative humidity, precipitation, and evaporation exhibited divergent (both positive and negative) trends across the territory of the region. The developed climate–resource-forming models and a series of estimated applied maps of climate indicators for 1966–1975 and 2016–2024 serve as the scientific basis for climate change forecasting and can be used by administrative bodies to improve agricultural land use strategies in the region.

The article presents the developed calculation methodology for environmental regulation of water consumption of agricultural land and crops, taking into account the spatiotemporal variability of climatic, hydrological, soil and biological indicators of the natural system. It is noted that the human pressure in the form of a deficit in water consumption of agricultural land and crops should be based on the principles of energy balance of heat, moisture and nutrients, taking into account natural conditions that ensure targeted regulation and management of soil-forming processes in hydro-agrolandscapes. The developed model and algorithm for assessing water consumption in agriculture are built using two models for rationing water consumption - agricultural land and crops, which makes it possible to determine the most important criteria for environmental management in irrigated agriculture and is of great importance in ensuring food security of the population.

The article presents the results of an assessment of the agro-climatic resources of the Zhetysu region, which was conducted on the basis of field research and GIS data. Maps of climatic meteorological parameters on a scale of 1:1,000,000 have been developed. To prepare thematic climate maps, an information and analytical database was compiled for a multi-year period of time for meteorological stations located in various agro-climatic regions of the region, which presents the results of climatological processing of the results at meteorological stations over a multi-year observation period (from 1891 to 2000, as well as new data from 2001-2024.). The assessment of moisture availability was based on the Selyaninov hydrothermal index (GTK), and heat availability was based on the sum of temperatures above 10°C. The results of the assessment of changes in the average annual air temperature by weather stations showed that over the past 25 years, there has been a slight increase in air temperature in the region, especially in summer. An increase in air temperature in summer can have a serious impact on pasture biodiversity, plant life cycle and productivity. Based on the average annual air temperature data, we assessed the heat supply of the growing season, which affects the productivity of pasture lands, and assessed the aridity of the region, which contributes to the processes of land degradation and desertification of the territory. Four zones have been identified in terms of moisture conditions: very dry (GTK=0.2-0.3); dry (GTK=0.3-0.5); very arid foothills (GTK=0.6-0.9); mountainous zone (GTK=>1.9).

The aim of this study is to develop theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the natural resource potential of agricultural landscapes, which includes climatic, soil, land, biological, and water resources. The research methodology was based on the materialist theory of scientific knowledge, methods of mathematical modeling of natural conditions and processes, as well as the use of the Harrington’s desirability function. Based on the study, a model of a system of dimensionless criteria and evaluation indicators has been developed, which are used to determine the natural resource potential of agricultural landscapes (a composite indicator). On this basis, the scale of coded values for specific indicators and the Harrington’s desirability scale are calculated (complex indicator). The proposed mathematical model is a generalized Harrington’s desirability function, which varies from 0 to 1 and is divided into seven subranges (scales): (0–0.17) – catastrophic; (0.17–0.27) – very poor; (0.27–0.37) – poor; (0.37–0.50) – satisfactory; (0.50–0.63) – average; (0.63–0.83) – good; and (0.83–1.00) – very good. These gradations correspond to the general approaches used in assessing the natural resource potential of agricultural landscapes. The proposed methodology and algorithm for assessing the natural resource potential of agricultural landscapes make it possible to determine the degree of desirability according to the value of its function, and can be used for predicting the state of the natural environment.

The article presents the results of assessing the agricultural land utilization of the Abai region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, based on the analysis of statistical data, field survey materials, and remote sensing data. An information-analytical database was compiled on the structure of the land fund and agricultural lands of the region for 2024, disaggregated by administrative districts. Based on data from the Department of Architecture, Urban Planning and Land Relations and district planning schemes, maps of the structure of the land fund and agricultural land have been developed. In order to assess the level of agricultural development, Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite images and geoinformation analysis methods in the ArcGIS Pro complex were used. The decryption of sattelite images was carried out using the spectral indices NDVI and NDWI. The predominance of pastures in the structure of agricultural lands of the region (90,1 %) was revealed, which indicates the region's specialization in animal husbandry and adaptation of land use to the natural and climatic conditions of the steppe and dry steppe zones. The highest level of development of the agricultural sector was revealed in the northern and southeastern districts of the region. Based on the comprehensive analysis, a map of the agricultural development of the Abai region has been compiled, the results of which are favorable for use in monitoring the condition of agricultural land and planning rational land use.