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Maryam Ghodrat
School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2610, Australia

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Review
Published: 06 August 2021 in Fire
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Fire whirls are a particular case of flame behaviour characterized by a rotating column of fire driven by intense convective heating of air close to the ground. They typically result in a substantial increase in burning rate, temperature, and flame height. Fire whirls can occur in any intense flame environment, including urban areas, particularly within combustible structures, and in wildland or forest fires. Recently, investigations on the creation of fire whirls have attracted much attention. However, most analyses are focused on fire whirl structure, formation, and controlling their unique state. In effect, revisiting the available experimental techniques and numerical simulations used in analyzing fire whirls has received less attention. In this paper, experimental arrangements including empirical set ups and employed fuels are presented in detail. Subsequently, major research progress focused on experimental studies and their laboratory setup is fully discussed, followed by the available numerical simulations, including combustion and turbulence models. Applied methodologies and chosen software in the recent numerical studies are also reviewed exclusively. Finally, the latest findings are featured, and prospective pathways are advised.

ACS Style

Maryam Ghodrat; Farshad Shakeriaski; David Nelson; Albert Simeoni. Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Formation and Flame Precession of Fire Whirls: A Review. Fire 2021, 4, 43 .

AMA Style

Maryam Ghodrat, Farshad Shakeriaski, David Nelson, Albert Simeoni. Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Formation and Flame Precession of Fire Whirls: A Review. Fire. 2021; 4 (3):43.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maryam Ghodrat; Farshad Shakeriaski; David Nelson; Albert Simeoni. 2021. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Formation and Flame Precession of Fire Whirls: A Review." Fire 4, no. 3: 43.

Short communication
Published: 27 July 2021 in Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
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Palm oil biodiesel has been identified as a renewable energy source with a huge potential to replace liquid fossil fuels in the future. The current experimental work investigates the effect of using Al2O3 nanofuel produced by adding Al2O3 nanoparticles to 20 % blend of palm oil biodiesel with diesel fuel on the flame characteristics, radiation, temperature and pollutant emissions in an oil burner. A homogeneous suspension was prepared from Al2O3 nanoparticles, of the concentration of 500 ppm, in B20 blended biodiesel fuel. The Infrared Radiation (IR) of the flame, the flame temperature, luminosity, radiative heat flux and CO and NOx pollutant emissions were measured and compared with those of B20 fuel. The results indicate that Al2O3 nanoparticles enhance the evaporation rate of nanofuel droplets and shift the maximum flame temperature to the upstream region. Al2O3 nanoparticles favor scattering of heat over heat absorption, which accelerates flame heat transfer and decreases its temperature. Nevertheless, Al2O3 nanoparticles improve soot particles nucleation and surface growth and increase the highly emissive intermediate soot particles in the flame reaction zone. These intermediate soot particles enhance the luminosity and IR and total radiation heat transfer of the flame. The enhancement rate for average flame radiation of B20 blend fuel was as much as 10 % and higher concentrations of nanoparticles led to a substantial increase in the radiation heat flux. However, they cause an increase in the CO emission from 48 to 62 ppm which is in the standard level. Finally, the use of the nanofuel instead of B20 fuel decreases the NOx emission by 11 %.

ACS Style

S.H. Pourhoseini; Maryam Ghodrat. Experimental investigation of the effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles as additives to B20 blended biodiesel fuel: Flame characteristics, thermal performance and pollutant emissions. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 2021, 27, 101292 .

AMA Style

S.H. Pourhoseini, Maryam Ghodrat. Experimental investigation of the effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles as additives to B20 blended biodiesel fuel: Flame characteristics, thermal performance and pollutant emissions. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2021; 27 ():101292.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S.H. Pourhoseini; Maryam Ghodrat. 2021. "Experimental investigation of the effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles as additives to B20 blended biodiesel fuel: Flame characteristics, thermal performance and pollutant emissions." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 27, no. : 101292.

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2021 in International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer
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The incorporation of simultaneous passive and active techniques for enhancing heat transfer has been a promising area of research in the last decades. As such, in the present study, thermal convection heat transfer of a hybrid nanofluid in a square cavity subjected to simultaneous effects of gravitational and vibrational forces has been addressed. Initially, the cavity, saturated with Ag-MgO hybrid nanofluid, is stagnant and in thermal equilibrium. Then, the sidewalls of the cavity are heated isothermally, and the cavity starts vibrating in a vertical direction. The upper and lower walls are kept adiabatic. Galerkin finite element method with a very small- and adaptive-time step has been used to precisely capture the impact of vibrational force on the flow and thermal fields in high frequencies. Impacts of vibration frequency, gravitational and vibration Rayleigh numbers, and the volume fraction of hybrid nano-additives are studied. It has been revealed that the external vibration amplifies the rate of heat transfer for all the studied frequencies. Moreover, although the presence of the nanoparticles seems to have a very limited effect on the effectiveness of heating, the effect of the nanoparticle concentration on the heat transfer intensity varies with time.

ACS Style

S.A.M. Mehryan; Piran Goudarzi; Seyed Mohsen Hashem Zadeh; Maryam Ghodrat; Obai Younis; Mohammad Ghalambaz. Thermal vibrational and gravitational analysis of a hybrid aqueous suspension comprising Ag–MgO hybrid nano-additives. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 2021, 126, 105345 .

AMA Style

S.A.M. Mehryan, Piran Goudarzi, Seyed Mohsen Hashem Zadeh, Maryam Ghodrat, Obai Younis, Mohammad Ghalambaz. Thermal vibrational and gravitational analysis of a hybrid aqueous suspension comprising Ag–MgO hybrid nano-additives. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer. 2021; 126 ():105345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S.A.M. Mehryan; Piran Goudarzi; Seyed Mohsen Hashem Zadeh; Maryam Ghodrat; Obai Younis; Mohammad Ghalambaz. 2021. "Thermal vibrational and gravitational analysis of a hybrid aqueous suspension comprising Ag–MgO hybrid nano-additives." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 126, no. : 105345.

Review
Published: 10 May 2021 in Fire
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This work provides a detailed overview of existing investigations into the fire–wind interaction phenomena. Specifically, it considers: the fanning effect of wind, wind direction and slope angle, and the impact of wind on fire modelling, and the relevant analysis (numerical and experimental) techniques are evaluated. Recently, the impact of fire on buildings has been widely analysed. Most studies paid attention to fire damage evaluation of structures as well as structure fire safety engineering, while the disturbance interactions that influence structures have been neglected in prior studies and must be analysed in greater detail. In this review article, evidence regarding the fire–wind interaction is discussed. The effect of a fire transitioning from a wildfire to a wildland–urban interface (WUI) is also investigated, with a focus on the impact of the resulting fire–wind phenomenon on high- and low-rise buildings.

ACS Style

Maryam Ghodrat; Farshad Shakeriaski; David Nelson; Albert Simeoni. Existing Improvements in Simulation of Fire–Wind Interaction and Its Effects on Structures. Fire 2021, 4, 27 .

AMA Style

Maryam Ghodrat, Farshad Shakeriaski, David Nelson, Albert Simeoni. Existing Improvements in Simulation of Fire–Wind Interaction and Its Effects on Structures. Fire. 2021; 4 (2):27.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maryam Ghodrat; Farshad Shakeriaski; David Nelson; Albert Simeoni. 2021. "Existing Improvements in Simulation of Fire–Wind Interaction and Its Effects on Structures." Fire 4, no. 2: 27.

Original
Published: 27 April 2021 in Archive of Applied Mechanics
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This article presents a non-Fourier thermo-hyperelastic model to investigate thermal and stress wave propagation phenomenon in a near-incompressible functionally graded medium (FGM) for various thermal and mechanical boundary conditions. A strain energy function is chosen to modify FGM’s hyperelastic equations considering the coupling effects of mechanical and thermal terms. By switching the strain tensor's invariants, equations are developed to estimate a near-incompressible model for rubber. The rubber is characterized by a gradual variation in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, the material properties of rubber mainly depend on coordinates in through an exponential function. The nonlinear governing equations are derived from the large displacement approach using Finite Strain Theory. To find an acceptable solution of nonlinear time-dependent thermo-hyperelastic equations, Newmark's time integration process and a nonlinear Hermitian finite element algorithm are employed. The final system’s responses to different boundary conditions such as input surface traction, heat flux and variable material properties are described schematically, and their influence on the wave propagation is calculated. It is shown that the amplitude of oscillation in a functionally graded hyperelastic medium is less than that of a medium with constant properties. The results also show that the wave travels through the medium faster than the FGM. Moreover, the modified Fourier law of heat conduction is applied and the impact of enhanced heat conduction model on the thermo-hyperelastic responses is discussed.

ACS Style

Farshad Shakeriaski; Maryam Ghodrat; Juan Escobedo-Diaz; Masud Behnia. The nonlinear thermo-hyperelasticity wave propagation analysis of near-incompressible functionally graded medium under mechanical and thermal loadings. Archive of Applied Mechanics 2021, 91, 3075 -3094.

AMA Style

Farshad Shakeriaski, Maryam Ghodrat, Juan Escobedo-Diaz, Masud Behnia. The nonlinear thermo-hyperelasticity wave propagation analysis of near-incompressible functionally graded medium under mechanical and thermal loadings. Archive of Applied Mechanics. 2021; 91 (7):3075-3094.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farshad Shakeriaski; Maryam Ghodrat; Juan Escobedo-Diaz; Masud Behnia. 2021. "The nonlinear thermo-hyperelasticity wave propagation analysis of near-incompressible functionally graded medium under mechanical and thermal loadings." Archive of Applied Mechanics 91, no. 7: 3075-3094.

Review
Published: 07 January 2021 in Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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A review of the recent studies on the generalized thermoelasticity theories and their associated modified models is presented. The aim is to outline an overview of the utilization and physical limitations of available relevant theories. By contrast to classical thermoelasticity theory, generalized thermoelasticity theories (second sound) can involve a hyperbolic-form transport correlation and are motivated by experiments illustrating more accurately of the wave-form heat transfer (second sound). Many researchers have formulated such theories on different fields and analyzed various problems, presenting characteristic properties of these theories. This paper expresses a self-included bibliographical review of previous documents in the area of the second sound. The general structure of this review contains theories, formulations, real limitations, and used solution techniques of the equations for different geometries and loadings. Given that the classical theory is feeble in simulating the temperature distribution, especially in the structures under a sudden thermal shock, this review may be a useful tool for researchers who work in sensitive industries such as steam turbines, micro-temperature sensors, and lithium battery manufacturing.

ACS Style

Farshad Shakeriaski; Maryam Ghodrat; Juan Escobedo-Diaz; Masud Behnia. Recent advances in generalized thermoelasticity theory and the modified models: a review. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 2021, 8, 15 -35.

AMA Style

Farshad Shakeriaski, Maryam Ghodrat, Juan Escobedo-Diaz, Masud Behnia. Recent advances in generalized thermoelasticity theory and the modified models: a review. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering. 2021; 8 (1):15-35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farshad Shakeriaski; Maryam Ghodrat; Juan Escobedo-Diaz; Masud Behnia. 2021. "Recent advances in generalized thermoelasticity theory and the modified models: a review." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 8, no. 1: 15-35.

Journal article
Published: 25 December 2020 in Atmosphere
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This paper presents a numerical investigation of the impact of a wind-driven surface fire, comparable to a large wildfire, on an obstacle located downstream of the fire source. The numerical modelling was conducted using FireFOAM, a coupled fire–atmosphere model underpinned by a large eddy simulation (LES) solver, which is based on the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) combustion model and implemented in the OpenFOAM platform (an open source CFD tool). The numerical data were validated using the aerodynamic measurements of a full-scale building model in the absence of fire effects. The results highlighted the physical phenomena contributing to the fire spread pattern and its thermal impact on the building. In addition, frequency analysis of the surface temperature fluctuations ahead of the fire front showed that the presence of a building influences the growth and formation of buoyant instabilities, which directly affect the behaviour of the fire’s plume. The coupled fire-atmosphere modelling presented here constitutes a fundamental step towards better understanding the behaviour and potential impacts of large wind-driven wildland fires in wildland–urban interface (WUI) areas.

ACS Style

Mohsen Ghaderi; Maryam Ghodrat; Jason Sharples. LES Simulation of Wind-Driven Wildfire Interaction with Idealized Structures in the Wildland-Urban Interface. Atmosphere 2020, 12, 21 .

AMA Style

Mohsen Ghaderi, Maryam Ghodrat, Jason Sharples. LES Simulation of Wind-Driven Wildfire Interaction with Idealized Structures in the Wildland-Urban Interface. Atmosphere. 2020; 12 (1):21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohsen Ghaderi; Maryam Ghodrat; Jason Sharples. 2020. "LES Simulation of Wind-Driven Wildfire Interaction with Idealized Structures in the Wildland-Urban Interface." Atmosphere 12, no. 1: 21.

Original paper
Published: 09 November 2020 in Journal of Polymers and the Environment
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The principal aim of this study is to investigate the utilization feasibility of waste materials, i.e., recycled Polypropylene (PP), and fly ash in the formulation of auto parts which are commonly designed based on PP. The typical formulation of auto parts consists of PP, elastomer, filler, and compatibilizer. Various recycled PP/virgin PP ratios were considered as the matrix of the composites. It is found that the increasing concentration of recycled PP in the composite leads to a reduction in mechanical properties, particularly ductility and impact strength. However, due to a lower viscosity at the presence of recycled PP, better dispersion of filler particles, observed by SEM analysis, leading to the improvement of tensile strength. Besides, the employment of recycled material lowers the percentage of crystallinity and melting temperature. It is deduced that the deployment of 20/80 to 40/60 ratios of recycled PP/virgin PP in the composites reasonably meets the requirements for auto parts with advantages in the environmental and economic aspects. Compared to the composites filled with talc, the ductility of fly ash-filled composites is higher. The simultaneous utilization of talc and fly ash as a hybrid system brings about higher ductility, but lowers impact strength compared to talc-filled samples. Using recycled PP mixed with fly ash provides advantages in cost reduction and sustainable and environment-friendly production.

ACS Style

Mojtaba Ajorloo; Maryam Ghodrat; Won-Hee Kang. Incorporation of Recycled Polypropylene and Fly Ash in Polypropylene-Based Composites for Automotive Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment 2020, 29, 1298 -1309.

AMA Style

Mojtaba Ajorloo, Maryam Ghodrat, Won-Hee Kang. Incorporation of Recycled Polypropylene and Fly Ash in Polypropylene-Based Composites for Automotive Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment. 2020; 29 (4):1298-1309.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mojtaba Ajorloo; Maryam Ghodrat; Won-Hee Kang. 2020. "Incorporation of Recycled Polypropylene and Fly Ash in Polypropylene-Based Composites for Automotive Applications." Journal of Polymers and the Environment 29, no. 4: 1298-1309.

Article
Published: 28 October 2020 in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
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This article presents an algorithm for nonlinear transient response of an elastic body with temperature-dependent material features in a large deformation domain exposed to short-pulse heating. The principal target of this paper is employing a general form of thermoelasticity equation, including temperature and strain rate-dependent model using finite strain theory (FST). A thermally nonlinear study is conducted considering a significant gradient of temperature in comparison with the reference temperature. Based on FST, to present the couple equations of energy and motion in the reference medium, the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress and the Lagrangian strain–displacement are used. The obtained equations improved integrating temperature and strain rate-dependent technique and then solved using a Hermitian transfinite element technique. Wave propagation analysis under impulsive thermal loadings is also discussed in this work. Analyzing the phase lag in second sound waves and the impacts of temperature dependency of the medium properties are conducted. Based on the obtained results, the temperature dependency of the materials features has a significant influence on the thermoelastic transient responses. Results illustrate an absorbing feature of wave propagation. In addition, it is observed that there is a remarkable difference in the results obtained from using the general form of thermoelasticity and that of obtained from classic model.

ACS Style

Farshad Shakeriaski; Maryam Ghodrat. Nonlinear response for a general form of thermoelasticity equation in mediums under the effect of temperature-dependent properties and short-pulse heating. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2020, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Farshad Shakeriaski, Maryam Ghodrat. Nonlinear response for a general form of thermoelasticity equation in mediums under the effect of temperature-dependent properties and short-pulse heating. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2020; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farshad Shakeriaski; Maryam Ghodrat. 2020. "Nonlinear response for a general form of thermoelasticity equation in mediums under the effect of temperature-dependent properties and short-pulse heating." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry , no. : 1-12.

Original paper
Published: 19 October 2020 in Aerospace Systems
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In the current study, the flow behavior due to the variation of the tail angle of attack and its deflection has been investigated on a body–tail with a controlling tail. Numerical computations were carried out at a constant velocity of 90 m/s with the tail angle of attack and deflection ranging from 0 to 30 degrees. It provides a deeper understanding of how the aerodynamics of the tail is influenced by the deflection of the tail and the variation of the angle of attack, along with body and nose vortices. The formation of structure and breakdown of vortices along with their effects on the pressure distribution over the tail and the corresponding normal force coefficients derived from the numerical results. As a result, due to increasing the angle of attack or the deflection angle, the high-pressure area extends over the surface of the controlling tail facing the flow. Besides, the effects of angles of attack on the normal force coefficients on the tail are more than deflection angles due to body effects and the corresponding generated vortices. A comparison of numerical results and experimental tests showed satisfying accuracy and provided reliable details on the flow behavior and the highest calculated error rate was 12.8%.

ACS Style

Ali Mokhtari; Azadeh Shahrian; Pooya Javadpoor Langroodi; Maryam Ghodrat. Investigation of the effects of angle of attack and tail deflection angle on the controlling tail flow field. Aerospace Systems 2020, 3, 309 -326.

AMA Style

Ali Mokhtari, Azadeh Shahrian, Pooya Javadpoor Langroodi, Maryam Ghodrat. Investigation of the effects of angle of attack and tail deflection angle on the controlling tail flow field. Aerospace Systems. 2020; 3 (4):309-326.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Mokhtari; Azadeh Shahrian; Pooya Javadpoor Langroodi; Maryam Ghodrat. 2020. "Investigation of the effects of angle of attack and tail deflection angle on the controlling tail flow field." Aerospace Systems 3, no. 4: 309-326.

Full paper
Published: 14 October 2020 in Energy Technology
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In this study, a model has been developed based on energy balance equations to analyze and improve the performance of single–phase counter–current and co–current flow spiral plate heat exchangers (SPHEs). The aim is to comprehensively check the performance and irreversibility factors based on energy, entropy and entransy methods. Firstly, a new optimization algorithm is proposed to maximize pressure drops, minimize the total cost by considering the geometric proportion of the SPHE. Secondly, the SPHE spiral turns are modeled as a series–connected equivalent internal heat exchangers network to determine the temperature boundaries and develop the Temperature–Enthalpy diagram in analysis. The algorithm and modeling is validated in two stages for different flow arrangement SPHEs. Performance and irreversibility analysis shows similar result trends in different flow patterns. In third stage, a wide range of counter–current flow SPHEs with constant heat transfer rate has been designed, modeled and analyzed by energy, entropy and entransy methods. To recapitulate, results assert that SPHEs designed by new algorithm have higher overall heat transfer coefficient and compactness. Although entropy and entransy analyses reveal irreversibility trends with effectiveness in SPHEs, entransy analysis is more effective and reliable to analyze the SPHEs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Amir Hossein Sabouri Shirazi; Maryam Ghodrat; Mohammad Reza Jafari Nasr. Performance and Irreversibility Analysis of Spiral Plate Heat Exchangers. Energy Technology 2020, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Amir Hossein Sabouri Shirazi, Maryam Ghodrat, Mohammad Reza Jafari Nasr. Performance and Irreversibility Analysis of Spiral Plate Heat Exchangers. Energy Technology. 2020; 8 (12):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amir Hossein Sabouri Shirazi; Maryam Ghodrat; Mohammad Reza Jafari Nasr. 2020. "Performance and Irreversibility Analysis of Spiral Plate Heat Exchangers." Energy Technology 8, no. 12: 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 September 2020 in Energy
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Low thermal response of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems has been their main barrier in large-scale applications and commercialization. Amongst all proposed techniques, the incorporation of metal foam appears to be more promising owing to the notable thermal conductivity and high ratio of surface-area-to-volume. Nonetheless, metal foams augment the thermal response of the LHTES systems at the expense of reducing their thermal capacity and weakening natural convection. The principal aim of the present study is to numerically assess the capability of hybrid heat transfer enhancement of an LHTES through a combination of partial metal foam and nano-additives. Capric acid is considered as the phase change substance in a circular-shape thermal energy storage unit with a two-pass heat pipe. A combination of Copper foam and Cu/GO nano-additives is analyzed as the hybrid enhancement approach. The outcomes show that the combination of partial copper foam with Cu/GO nano-additives is more effective than each enhancement technique separately. Moreover, the results reveal that the charging power of the LHTES can be enhanced to about four times higher than the case of pure PCM at the cost of only a 3% reduction of the thermal storage's capacity.

ACS Style

Seyed Mohsen Hashem Zadeh; S.A.M. Mehryan; Mohammad Ghalambaz; Maryam Ghodrat; John Young; Ali Chamkha. Hybrid thermal performance enhancement of a circular latent heat storage system by utilizing partially filled copper foam and Cu/GO nano-additives. Energy 2020, 213, 118761 .

AMA Style

Seyed Mohsen Hashem Zadeh, S.A.M. Mehryan, Mohammad Ghalambaz, Maryam Ghodrat, John Young, Ali Chamkha. Hybrid thermal performance enhancement of a circular latent heat storage system by utilizing partially filled copper foam and Cu/GO nano-additives. Energy. 2020; 213 ():118761.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seyed Mohsen Hashem Zadeh; S.A.M. Mehryan; Mohammad Ghalambaz; Maryam Ghodrat; John Young; Ali Chamkha. 2020. "Hybrid thermal performance enhancement of a circular latent heat storage system by utilizing partially filled copper foam and Cu/GO nano-additives." Energy 213, no. : 118761.

Original research paper
Published: 24 August 2020 in Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability
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In this research, three aspects of modeling, analyzing, and optimizing spiral plate heat exchangers (SPHEs) are studied. The main objective of this work is to pave the way for comparing manufacturers’ designed SPHEs with theoretical designed SPHEs without involving designers in using computational methods. To begin, with assumption of constant overall heat transfer coefficient and specific heat capacities, a mathematical modeling of SPHE based on energy balance equations is developed to model the SPHE as a network of series-connected equivalent internal heat exchangers to determine the temperature distribution in spiral turns. This modeling can facilitate the usage of temperature-enthalpy diagram in SPHEs’ analysis and design. Furthermore, a new algorithm for thermal design optimization of SPHEs has been proposed. The proposed algorithm is based on maximizing pressure drops at channels, considering geometric proportion of SPHE and minimizing the total cost simultaneously. To show the proposed method applicability in analyzing thermal and hydraulic design parameters, a single-phase counter-current SPHE is assessed and optimized for different design cases with temperature approach variations. Results of comparing manufacturers’/standard designed SPHEs and research/theoretical designed SPHEs by defining appropriate geometric proportion ranges confirmed that temperature approach variations can improve SPHE performance to a higher extent, such as finding temperature approach ranges for optimized SPHEs with higher compactness to reduce the manufacturing cost. This fact is revealed by introducing compactness-temperature approach diagram which depicts the geometric optimization of SPHEs and the effects of temperature differences in SPHE’s optimization.

ACS Style

A. H. Sabouri Shirazi; M. R. Jafari Nasr; M. Ghodrat. Effects of Temperature Differences in Optimization of Spiral Plate Heat Exchangers. Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability 2020, 4, 391 -408.

AMA Style

A. H. Sabouri Shirazi, M. R. Jafari Nasr, M. Ghodrat. Effects of Temperature Differences in Optimization of Spiral Plate Heat Exchangers. Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability. 2020; 4 (4):391-408.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. H. Sabouri Shirazi; M. R. Jafari Nasr; M. Ghodrat. 2020. "Effects of Temperature Differences in Optimization of Spiral Plate Heat Exchangers." Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability 4, no. 4: 391-408.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2020 in Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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In this study, a nonlinear numerical method is presented to solve the governing equations of generalized thermoelasticity in a large deformation domain of an elastic medium subjected to thermal shock. The main focus of the study is on the modified Green–Lindsay thermoelasticity theory, solving strain and temperature rate-dependent model using finite strain theory. To warrant the continuity of the finding responses at the boundary after the applied shock, higher order elements are adopted. An analytical solution is provided to validate the numerical findings and an acceptable agreement between the two presented solutions is obtained. The findings revealed that stress and thermal waves have distinct interactions and a harmonic temperature variation may lead to a systematic uniform stress distribution. Besides, a notable difference in the results predicted by the modified Green–Lindsay model and classic theory is observed. It is also found that the modified Green–Lindsay theory is more efficient in determining the wave propagation phenomenon. Furthermore, the findings established that thermal shock induces tensile stresses in the structure immediately after the shock, and the perceived phenomenon mainly depends on the defined boundary conditions. The results show that the strain rate can have a significant influence on the displacement and stress wave propagation in a structure subjected to thermal shock and these impacts may be more considerable with mechanical loading.

ACS Style

Farshad Shakeriaski; Maryam Ghodrat; Juan Escobedo-Diaz; Masud Behnia. Modified Green–Lindsay thermoelasticity wave propagation in elastic materials under thermal shocks. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 2020, 8, 36 -54.

AMA Style

Farshad Shakeriaski, Maryam Ghodrat, Juan Escobedo-Diaz, Masud Behnia. Modified Green–Lindsay thermoelasticity wave propagation in elastic materials under thermal shocks. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering. 2020; 8 (1):36-54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farshad Shakeriaski; Maryam Ghodrat; Juan Escobedo-Diaz; Masud Behnia. 2020. "Modified Green–Lindsay thermoelasticity wave propagation in elastic materials under thermal shocks." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 8, no. 1: 36-54.

Journal article
Published: 21 July 2020 in Energy Conversion and Management
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Solar heating and cooling technologies can have a vital role to play in understanding the targets in energy security, economic development, and mitigating climate change. This study aimed to investigate the performance of the combined solar cooling/heating system using a Photovoltaic Thermal collector (PVT) for residential applications. The main advantage of using PVT is the conversion of the maximum amount of solar energy into electricity and thermal energy. In this work, water is used to cool the panel and, consequently, increase the efficiency. The cooling cycle comprises a hybrid ejector-compression refrigeration cycle with two evaporator temperatures. To reduce the effect of the global warming phenomenon, two different refrigerants with lower Global Warming Potential (GWP), such as R600a and R290, are used instead of R134a. The inlet water does not only gain heat from the PVT but also the collector output water is heated in a condenser and heater. The results indicate that increasing the water mass flow rate from 0.011 kg/s to 0.03 kg/s (39–108 Lit/h) at solar intensity (G) of 945 W/m2 results in enhancing the overall efficiency of the PVT system from 66.7% to 75.8%. In terms of the highest Coefficient of performance (COP) and the lowest exergy destruction, R290 shows better performance comparing to the other refrigerants. In more details, using R290, instead of R134a, results in up to 7.5% enhancement in the COP of the cycle. The water mass flow rate is optimized at ṁw=0.013 kg/s to achieve the highest COP and the lowest exergy destruction. Also, it is reported that the temperature of the outlet water from the system varies between 31.72 °C to 46.73 °C during the day. Finally, it is revealed that using R290 for the refrigeration cycle and cooling the panel result in enhancing the COP of the cycle by 11.1%, increasing the temperature of the outlet water from the system by 9.17 °C and decreasing the refrigerant flow rate by 60.17%, in comparison with a system without panel cooling which uses R134a refrigerant.

ACS Style

Ahmad Zarei; Mohammad Liravi; Marzie Babaie Rabiee; Maryam Ghodrat. A Novel, eco-friendly combined solar cooling and heating system, powered by hybrid Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collector for domestic application. Energy Conversion and Management 2020, 222, 113198 .

AMA Style

Ahmad Zarei, Mohammad Liravi, Marzie Babaie Rabiee, Maryam Ghodrat. A Novel, eco-friendly combined solar cooling and heating system, powered by hybrid Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collector for domestic application. Energy Conversion and Management. 2020; 222 ():113198.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmad Zarei; Mohammad Liravi; Marzie Babaie Rabiee; Maryam Ghodrat. 2020. "A Novel, eco-friendly combined solar cooling and heating system, powered by hybrid Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collector for domestic application." Energy Conversion and Management 222, no. : 113198.

Journal article
Published: 10 April 2020 in Fuel
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Fluidisation and mixing of sand and biomass particles have significant effects on product yields in bubbling fluidised bed reactors (BFBR). There is a lower limit for the velocity of fluidising media known as minimum fluidisation velocity. Similarly, an upper limit is defined for velocity where the bio-oil production is maximised – known as the maximum effective velocity (MEV). A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation for biomass fast pyrolysis process in a 2-D lab-scale BFBR is developed to analyse the variation of MEV as the sand particle size varies. The model is first validated using the experimental data. Then, a parametric study is conducted for the carrier gas velocities in a range of 0.3–1.1 m/s where the sand particle sizes vary from 0.4 to 1 mm, and the biomass particles are in a range of 0.2–0.5 mm. Effects of the packing limit are also analysed. For this purpose, the different sand particle sizes and their corresponding MEV are tested at the sand packing limits of 45, 55, 65, and 75 mm in which the optimal packing limit is found to be 55 mm. A detailed thermodynamic study is performed with the focus on the sand particle size and packing limit affecting the heat transfer rates between phases. A decrease in required heat transfer rates is directly linked to an increase in bio-oil yield. It is observed that heat transfer between sand-biomass is much more efficient than the heat transfer between nitrogen-biomass, confirming the importance of the sand particles as the heat carriers.

ACS Style

Joshua Clissold; Salman Jalalifar; Fatemeh Salehi; Rouzbeh Abbassi; Maryam Ghodrat. Fluidisation characteristics and inter-phase heat transfer on product yields in bubbling fluidised bed reactor. Fuel 2020, 273, 117791 .

AMA Style

Joshua Clissold, Salman Jalalifar, Fatemeh Salehi, Rouzbeh Abbassi, Maryam Ghodrat. Fluidisation characteristics and inter-phase heat transfer on product yields in bubbling fluidised bed reactor. Fuel. 2020; 273 ():117791.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joshua Clissold; Salman Jalalifar; Fatemeh Salehi; Rouzbeh Abbassi; Maryam Ghodrat. 2020. "Fluidisation characteristics and inter-phase heat transfer on product yields in bubbling fluidised bed reactor." Fuel 273, no. : 117791.

Original paper
Published: 17 February 2020 in Journal of Polymer Research
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An immense technological challenge of polypropylene-based composites is in optimising the effect of multicomponent fractions on their mechanical properties. Hence the main aim of the present study is to carry out a systematic statistical approach to investigate the impact of multicomponent fractions on the mechanical properties of Polypropylene (PP)/Talc/ Polyolefin Elastomer (POE) and maleic-anhydride-grafted Polypropylene (PPMA) composites. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD) has been implemented as the design of experiment technique. With respect to CCD and three different weight percentages of Talc (0, 15, 30 wt%), POE (0, 10, 20 wt%), and PPMA (0, 2.5, 5 wt%), 17 experiments were designed and prepared via a conventional melt blending technique. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with diagnostic figures has been proposed to derive mathematical models to predict the mechanical properties of the utilised PP based composite. The findings showed that the concentration of POE, particularly at a lower amount, play a significant role and can predominantly affect the properties of the composites. The results also revealed that in spite of Talc and PPMA, adding of POE caused a noticeable rise in ductility and toughness of composite and a reduction in the stiffness. It was also found that all the assessed properties can be maximized simultaneously, providing the content of Talc, POE, and PPMA set to be 30%, 6.228%, and 2.514%, respectively. The findings are found to be aligned with the scanning electron microscopy micrographs and the DSC analysis data.

ACS Style

Mojtaba Ajorloo; Maryam Ghodrat; Mohammad Reza Moghbeli; Won-Hee Kang. A statistical approach to investigate the effects of multicomponent fractions on the mechanical properties of PP/PPMA/Talc/POE composites. Journal of Polymer Research 2020, 27, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Mojtaba Ajorloo, Maryam Ghodrat, Mohammad Reza Moghbeli, Won-Hee Kang. A statistical approach to investigate the effects of multicomponent fractions on the mechanical properties of PP/PPMA/Talc/POE composites. Journal of Polymer Research. 2020; 27 (3):1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mojtaba Ajorloo; Maryam Ghodrat; Mohammad Reza Moghbeli; Won-Hee Kang. 2020. "A statistical approach to investigate the effects of multicomponent fractions on the mechanical properties of PP/PPMA/Talc/POE composites." Journal of Polymer Research 27, no. 3: 1-18.

Short communication
Published: 08 February 2020 in Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
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In the present study, time-dependent numerical analysis of methane-air counterflow diffusion flame into a selected macro/micro open channel is investigated. The flame is simulated by multi and single-step reaction approaches into an open channel with a constant distance of 15 mm between air and the fuel inlet, and a hydraulic distance at the order of 0.1 mm. To solve the unsteady problem, a coupled pressure-velocity implicit division method is considered. The results show an acceptable agreement between numerical and experimental data that confirm the accuracy of the model. The results also revealed that the variation of the residence time to the inlet velocity is more sensitive than the inlet temperature. It is also found that at the larger inlet velocities, the flame is stabilized at a smaller value of hydraulic distance. This is a result of increasing the possibility of reactions between species. The generation rates of CO2, CO and H2O species are found to be nearly constant at t > 0.009s while for NO and NO2 species the rates remain unchanged at t > 0.013s and t > 0.016s, respectively.

ACS Style

Ali Edalati-Nejad; Sayyed Aboozar Fanaee; Maryam Ghodrat; Fatemeh Salehi; Javad Khadem. The time dependent investigation of methane-air counterflow diffusion flames with detailed kinetic and pollutant effects into a micro/macro open channel. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 2020, 18, 100603 .

AMA Style

Ali Edalati-Nejad, Sayyed Aboozar Fanaee, Maryam Ghodrat, Fatemeh Salehi, Javad Khadem. The time dependent investigation of methane-air counterflow diffusion flames with detailed kinetic and pollutant effects into a micro/macro open channel. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2020; 18 ():100603.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Edalati-Nejad; Sayyed Aboozar Fanaee; Maryam Ghodrat; Fatemeh Salehi; Javad Khadem. 2020. "The time dependent investigation of methane-air counterflow diffusion flames with detailed kinetic and pollutant effects into a micro/macro open channel." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 18, no. : 100603.

Journal article
Published: 07 February 2020 in Sustainability
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Environmental concerns have increased due to the amount of unused/expired plastic medical waste generated in hospitals, laboratories, and other healthcare facilities, in addition to the fact that disposing of such wastes with extremely low degradation levels causes them to remain in the environment for extended periods of time. These issues have led researchers to develop more environmentally friendly alternatives for disposing of plastic medical waste in Australia. This study is an attempt to assess the impacts of using expired plastic syringes as fine aggregate on fresh and hardened characteristics of flowable concrete, which might provide a solution to environmental concerns. Six mixtures of flowable concrete with water-to-cement ratios of 0.38 were studied. It was found that using recycled aggregate in up to 20% can improve the workability and increase the V-funnel values of flowable concrete mixtures. However, using waste aggregates in more than 30% caused an inapt flowability. Adding waste aggregate at the 30%–50% replacement level led to a decrease in the L-box ratio. To verify the utility and the efficacy of this experiment, the connections between different rheological test measurements were also compared by implementing the Pearson correlation function. The mechanical properties of the mixes containing recycled aggregates were decreased at the age of seven days; however, at later ages, waste aggregates increased the strength at the 10%–30% replacement levels.

ACS Style

Maria Rashidi; Alireza Joshaghani; Maryam Ghodrat. Towards Eco-Flowable Concrete Production. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1208 .

AMA Style

Maria Rashidi, Alireza Joshaghani, Maryam Ghodrat. Towards Eco-Flowable Concrete Production. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1208.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Rashidi; Alireza Joshaghani; Maryam Ghodrat. 2020. "Towards Eco-Flowable Concrete Production." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1208.

Journal article
Published: 05 April 2019 in Energies
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Exergy analysis is one of the useful decision-support tools in assessing the environmental impact related to waste emissions from fossil fuel. This paper proposes a thermodynamic-based design to estimate the exergy quantity and losses during the recycling of copper and other valuable metals out of electronic waste (e-waste) through a secondary copper recycling process. The losses related to recycling, as well as the quality losses linked to metal and oxide dust, can be used as an index of the resource loss and the effectiveness of the selected recycling route. Process-based results are presented for the emission exergy of the major equipment used, which are namely a reduction furnace, an oxidation furnace, and fire-refining, electrorefining, and precious metal-refining (PMR) processes for two scenarios (secondary copper recycling with 50% and 30% waste printed circuit boards in the feed). The results of the work reveal that increasing the percentage of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) in the feed will lead to an increase in the exergy emission of CO2. The variation of the exergy loss for all of the process units involved in the e-waste treatment process illustrated that the oxidation stage is the key contributor to exergy loss, followed by reduction and fire refining. The results also suggest that a fundamental variation of the emission refining through a secondary copper recycling process is necessary for e-waste treatment.

ACS Style

Maryam Ghodrat; Bijan Samali; Muhammad Akbar Rhamdhani; Geoffrey Brooks. Thermodynamic-Based Exergy Analysis of Precious Metal Recovery out of Waste Printed Circuit Board through Black Copper Smelting Process. Energies 2019, 12, 1313 .

AMA Style

Maryam Ghodrat, Bijan Samali, Muhammad Akbar Rhamdhani, Geoffrey Brooks. Thermodynamic-Based Exergy Analysis of Precious Metal Recovery out of Waste Printed Circuit Board through Black Copper Smelting Process. Energies. 2019; 12 (7):1313.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maryam Ghodrat; Bijan Samali; Muhammad Akbar Rhamdhani; Geoffrey Brooks. 2019. "Thermodynamic-Based Exergy Analysis of Precious Metal Recovery out of Waste Printed Circuit Board through Black Copper Smelting Process." Energies 12, no. 7: 1313.