Microcellular injection-molded polypropylene/oyster shell nano-powder (PP/OSP) composites show potential as adsorbent materials for reducing toxic metal ion contamination in groundwater. This study investigates the material properties of PP/OSP composites and evaluates their Pb(II) adsorption performance in aqueous media. The effects of key operational parameters, including contact time, pH, and initial Pb(II) concentration, were examined to determine the optimal conditions for heavy metal remediation. The composites were characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and TGA to assess their crystalline structure, surface morphology, functional groups, and thermal stability, respectively. Adsorption isotherm analysis indicated that the Pb(II) uptake behavior followed both the Freundlich and Temkin models. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process was best described by the pseudo-first-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(II) removal was determined to be 13.89 mg/g.

Microcellular injection-molded oyster shell nano-powder (OSP) with polypropylene (PP) is a potential adsorbent material that can reduce toxic metal ion contamination in groundwater. This study aims to investigate the PP/OSP composite material properties and determine the toxic metal ion adsorption properties of polypropylene/oyster shell nano-powder (PP/OSP) in an aqueous medium. This research focused on lead Pb(II) ion using different parameters such as contact time, pH value, and initial concentrations to optimize the conditions for heavy metal remediation. Characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, FTIR, and TGA were used to analyze the surface morphology, functional groups, and thermal stability, respectively. The adsorption isotherms were conducted, and the behavior was consistent with the Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. A pseudo-first-order kinetic model was preferred, with a maximum adsorption capacity for lead removal obtained at 13,89 mg/g.

In recent decades, emerging water contaminants have raised significant global concern due to their impact on water quality, driving the need for more effective treatment strategies. In this work, magnetically separable samarium-incorporated cobalt ferrite supported on reduced graphene oxide (SmCoFe₂O₄/rGO) nanocomposites were prepared using a dual co-precipitation–hydrothermal approach for the photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). The synthesized samples were characterized using, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-DRS and BET adsorption–desorption measurements. The photocatalytic activity of SmCoFe ₂ O ₄ /rGO was increased under visible-light irradiation and in the presence of peroxydisulfate (PDS), with a maximum BPA removal efficiency of 99.4% within 120 min under optimal conditions ([BPA] = 20 mg/L, [SmCoFe ₂ O ₄ /rGO] = 25 mg, [PDS] = 1.5 mM, pH = 7.0). The interaction between rGO and Sm nanoparticles exhibited a synergistic effect and reduced electron–hole recombination rate, thereby facilitating charge transport, while CoFe ₂ O ₄ enabled recyclability due to its magnetic properties. Radical scavenger experiments were used to identify the formation of free radicals (SO ₄ ^•− and ^• OH) as the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the PDS-assisted photodegradation processes. Furthermore, the SmCoFe ₂ O ₄ /rGO exhibited high stability after five consecutive cycles and maintained catalytic activity. Finally, SmCoFe ₂ O ₄ /rGO photocatalyst demonstrated promising potential for the purification of water/wastewater containing BPA.