This paper aims to collect a compendium of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring the effects of cognitively engaging physical activity (PA) interventions (basketball and floorball) on various domain-specific executive functions (EFs) in children aged 4 to 12. Following the PRISMA principle, 11 articles (total sample size: 2053) were analyzed for effect size and moderating impact with Stata 13.0 software. Overall EFs (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.32, p < 0.05), updating (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.30, p < 0.05) and shifting (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.61, p < 0.05) were enhanced by cognitively engaging PA interventions. Age and BMI were found to have no effect on overall EFs performance in Meta regression. Overall EFs performance was improved by interventions with a session length (≥35 min) (SMD = 0.30, 95 % CI 0.10 to 0.49, p = 0.033). The review suggests that despite the moderate effect sizes, cognitively engaging PA may be an effective approach to improving EFs in children aged 4 to 12, especially updating and shifting.

To investigate the prevalence of myopia and the risk factors associated with its progression in elementary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanxi Province, China.The investigation i...

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the correlations between changes in skin temperature and surface electromyography (sEMG) parameters during fatigue induced by varying exercise intensities. The study uses infrared thermal imaging and sEMG to explore whether skin temperature fluctuations can indicate muscle fatigue states. Methods: Two static contraction fatigue tests were administered on the right biceps brachii muscle group of 30 healthy male subjects at 30% and 70% MVC (Maximum Voluntary Contraction) intensity levels. Tests were separated by a 5-day interval and continued until complete fatigue was achieved. The left arm served as a control and was not subjected to any load. Infrared thermal imaging was employed to record continuous skin temperature, capturing data from 120 s pre-exercise to 480 s post-exercise commencement at ten frames per second. Concurrently, sEMG parameters (RMS—Root Mean Square, MPF—Mean Power Frequency, and MF—Median Frequency) were synchronously collected at a sampling frequency of 1 kHz. Results: During 70% MVC exercise, skin temperature on the exercised arm consistently decreased, reaching its nadir by the end of the exercise, with a statistically significant divergence from the baseline (p < 0.05). At 30% MVC, skin temperature initially slightly declined before gradually increasing. The control arm’s temperature significantly declined across exercise intensities and during recovery. A significant temporal correlation was observed between skin temperature and sEMG parameters. Conclusions: 1. Variability in skin temperature patterns during muscular fatigue is contingent on the level of exercise intensity. 2. The strong correlation between skin temperature and sEMG parameters suggests that infrared thermal imaging is a promising, rapid technique for monitoring exercise-induced muscle fatigue.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the motion characteristics and movement strategies of the hip and knee joints in overweight individuals during sit-to-stand (STS) transfers using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Methods: Twenty subjects were divided into an overweight group (n = 10) and a normal-weight group (n = 10) based on body mass index (BMI). The Qualisys infrared motion capture system and Kistler three-dimensional force platform were used for motion data collection, and Visual 3D and Matlab were used to calculate the angles and torque indicators of the lower limb hip and knee joints. Results: During the STS process, the maximum hip flexion angle of the overweight group was smaller than that of the control group (Z = −1.83, p = 0.043, r = 0.39), while the maximum abduction and external rotation angles were greater than those of the control group (Z = −2.15, p = 0.022, r = 0.46; Z = −2.02, p = 0.028, r = 0.48). SPM analysis showed that during the 0–52% phase of the hip joint in the frontal plane, the abduction amplitude of the overweight population was greater than that of the normal population (p < 0.05). The minimum external rotation angle of the knee joint was less than that of the control group (F(1,18) = 9.135, p = 0.043). The peak internal adduction and abduction torque of the hip joint in the overweight group was greater than that of the control group (Z = 2.37, p = 0.017, r = 0.54). Conclusions: Compared with the normal-weight population, the overweight population exhibited distinct motion characteristics of the hip and knee joints during the STS, with particularly pronounced differences in the hip joint. To maintain stability during STS, the overweight population adopts a compensatory movement strategy featuring a wider base of support via hip abduction and increased muscular torque to control frontal plane stability, which imposes greater functional loads on the hip joint. BMI-related movement characteristics should be studied in young adults under controlled experimental conditions, and future studies are needed to verify whether similar patterns exist in older adults.