Background/Objectives: This study aims to determine the level of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances in patients with chronic kidney disease, as well as the interactions between the three comorbidities, and the implications it has for health practitioners. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, was implemented whereby 179 patients with chronic kidney disease attending a government hospital were recruited to this study. Results: Our results showed that 65.9% of the participants had the metrics of severe anxiety while 34.1 percent had moderate anxiety. Further, it was reported that more than half 51.4% of participants had poor sleep quality. The levels of depression reported by the patients were roughly 40.2% minimal depression, 29.6% mild, 21.2% moderate, and 8.9% depression that was severe. There was a significant correlation between mental health disease together with sociodemographic variables such as gender, marital status, educational status, and nationality (p < 0.05). Cut points of those aged 26–35 found younger patients experiencing higher anxiety levels (cut point (AOR = 2.792; p = 0.021)), and they also had poorer sleep quality (AOR = 0.403; p = 0.020). Conclusion: Our findings illustrate the importance of more frequent early mental health measures and strategies that help patients with chronic kidney diseases. The main study limitation was the cross-sectional design, which allows for correlational but not causal statements to be made. We address a gap in the literature with our results by noting specific demographic characteristics that are associated with poor mental health in chronic kidney disease populations and discuss practical and policy recommendations aimed at enhancing the mental well-being of chronic kidney disease patients.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is widely acknowledged as beneficial for a baby’s health and development. However, Saudi Arabia remains one of the few countries where this practice is still uncommon. This study explores the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding intention among primigravida women in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional design and systematic random sampling technique were utilized to collect data from a total of 436 primigravida women. Results: More than half of the participants (58.3%) expressed high intentions toward exclusive breastfeeding. The most significant modifiable predictors of exclusive breastfeeding intention among these women were age, education, nationality, and planned pregnancy. Additionally, adequate knowledge of breastfeeding (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 0.402, Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.226–0.717) and a positive attitude toward breastfeeding (AOR: 0.396, CI: 0.223–0.705) emerged as independent predictors of high breastfeeding intention. Conclusions: The study revealed that while more than half of the primigravida women demonstrated a high intention to practice exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), this level of intention is still considered inadequate for achieving optimal breastfeeding practices. Key factors influencing their breastfeeding attitudes included maternal age, education level, ethnicity, pregnancy planning, and knowledge about breastfeeding.

Background: Adequate maternal nutrition in the postpartum period is crucial for maternal recovery, optimal breast milk composition, and healthy infant development. Nutritional knowledge and culturally influenced dietary practices play a key role in shaping mothers’ dietary behaviors. This study aimed to assess nutritional knowledge, practices, and cultural food beliefs among postpartum lactating mothers in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 442 postpartum mothers within 6 months after delivery, recruited using a two-stage cluster random sampling technique from maternal and child health centers in Bisha and Ha’il cities. A standardized interviewer-administered questionnaire encompassing sociodemographic traits, nutritional knowledge, dietary habits, and culturally influenced eating habits was used to gather data. To find determinants of adequate dietary practices and strong nutritional awareness, binary logistic regression analysis was used. Results: Overall, 54.8% of mothers were classified as having good nutritional practices, and 50.9% were classified as having good nutritional knowledge. Good nutritional knowledge was significantly associated with older maternal age, higher educational attainment, and employment status. Good nutritional practices were significantly associated with employment, better income status, and planned pregnancy. Regarding cultural beliefs, 65.8% of mothers consumed culturally prepared traditional foods, 63.6% avoided certain foods based on cultural beliefs, and 69.2% participated in celebratory food practices following childbirth. Herbal tea, puerperium nuts, and Moghate were the most commonly consumed traditional foods. Conclusion: Although more than half of postpartum mothers reported good dietary practices, only half demonstrated adequate nutritional knowledge. To improve maternal and infant nutritional outcomes in Saudi Arabia, culturally sensitive, evidence-based nutritional education programs must be integrated into prenatal and postnatal healthcare services.

Background: The coexistence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity, commonly referred to as the double burden of malnutrition, is an important public health concern among adolescents. This study assessed the population-level double burden of malnutrition among middle school students and examined its associations with selected lifestyle behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 268 middle school students recruited from four schools selected using stratified cluster sampling. Analyses incorporated sampling weights and the complex survey design. Data on dietary habits, physical activity, and screen-related behaviors were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The research team obtained anthropometric measurements, including height and weight. Nutritional status was classified using the World Health Organization BMI-for-age reference. Statistical analyses incorporated sampling weights and the complex survey design, with associations examined using the Rao–Scott design-adjusted chi-square test. Results: Survey-weighted estimates showed that 49.8% of the represented population had an abnormal BMI-for-age classification: 25.3% were underweight and 24.5% were overweight or obese, indicating a population-level double burden of malnutrition. In the design-adjusted bivariate analyses, eating while using screens was the only behavior significantly associated with BMI category ( p = 0.046). The weighted prevalence of overweight/obesity increased from 12.1% among students who never ate while using screens to 32.9% among those who always did so. Demographic characteristics, dietary behaviors, physical-activity frequency, screen-time duration, mobile-phone use, and eating while using a mobile phone were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Underweight and overweight/obesity coexisted at similar levels in the represented middle-school population. Eating while using screens was associated with BMI category in the design-adjusted bivariate analysis; however, the cross-sectional design and limited number of sampled schools require cautious interpretation. The findings support school-health strategies addressing both forms of malnutrition and promoting balanced dietary practices, regular physical activity, and reduced screen-related eating.