Anxiety and depression can adversely affect the prognosis following cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and may be associated with resistance to hypertension (HT) treatment. A better understanding of the complex biological substratum of resistant HT complicated by depression and anxiety is crucial for designing future primary care strategies. To evaluate the relationship between anxiety and depression and resistant HT, which will help to look at resistant HT from a broader perspective and aid the development of new strategies for diagnosis and treatment. We used a stratified random sampling method to select HT patients aged 18 and older in primary care setting. A total of 300 consecutive patients with persistent HT who were diagnosed with essential HT and uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) despite antihypertensive therapy were prospectively included in the study. Anxiety and depression were investigated, and scoring was evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The study included 108 controlled and 91 uncontrolled HT patients. The HADS scales were higher in the controlled HT group compared to the uncontrolled HT group (6 (0-18) compared to 9 (0-20), p = 0.001; 5 (0-17) compared to 7 (0-16), p < 0.001, respectively). Body mass index (BMI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also significantly higher in the uncontrolled HT patients compared to the normotensive group. Anxiety was associated with a 2.18 times increased risk of HT and a 1.99 times increased risk of depression. Thus, anxiety and depression predicted resistant HT in both univariate and multivariate analyses. During the treatment of HT, efforts should be made to improve the psychological and social functions of the patients beyond the primary therapy for control of the disease. As such, we hope to draw attention to the importance of psychological factors, especially anxiety and depression, in any field of medicine related to managing resistant HT.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine emotional awareness, control of emotions, and the childhood attachment process in fibromyalgia patients. Patients and methods: The observational study was conducted with 117 participants (14 males, 103 females; mean age: 43.9±9.0 years; range, 22 to 64 years) between February 20, 2022, and May 20, 2022. Sixty-one patients and 56 healthy control subjects filled out a form including sociodemographic data, such as age, sex, occupation, and educational status. In addition, the participants answered the Expressing Emotions Scale, Rejection Sensitivity Scale, and Experiences in Close Relationships Scale. Results: In our study, Expressing Emotions Scale scores are significantly higher in the healthy control group than in the patient group (p<0.05). Rejection Sensitivity Scale scores are significantly higher in the patient group than in the healthy control group (p<0.05). In the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, a significant difference was determined between the patient and control groups in the avoidant attachment subdimension (p<0.05). Similarly, a significant difference was observed between both groups in terms of the anxiety attachment subdimension (p<0.05). Conclusion: The ability to express emotions is lower and avoidant and anxious attachment rates are higher in fibromyalgia patients.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of mood and eating disorders, chronotype, and social jetlag in a cohort of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A total of 70 patients, 35 with PCOS and 35 healthy controls, aged between 18 and 40 years, were included in the study. PCOS was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria. Five different questionnaires, namely the “Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ)”, “Social Jetlag Status (SJL)”, “Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ)”, “Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)”, and “Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)”, were administered to patients with and without PCOS, and the “total questionnaire scores” of both groups were compared. Results: In addition to BMI (p = 0.004), serum insulin (p < 0.001), HOMAIR (p < 0.001), total testosterone (p = 0.006), DHEAS (p = 0.004), and LH (p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in women with PCOS than in the controls. BAI (p = 0.006), BDI (p = 0.007), and NEQ (p = 0.013) scores of participants with PCOS were significantly higher than those in the control group, while MEQ scores were significantly lower than those in the control group (p = 0.005). When categorized according to the total test scores, the number of individuals with moderate and severe anxiety was significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (p = 0.030). Morningness was significantly lower in the PCOS group than in the control group, whereas eveningness was higher than that in the control group (p = 0.013). There was no difference between the PCOS and control groups in terms of the number of individuals with SJL ≥ 2 h and night eating disorders. The NEQ score was positively correlated with BAI, BMI, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Both the BDI and BAI scores were positively correlated with BMI, HOMA-IR, and total testosterone levels. Conclusions: PCOS can lead to mood, appetite, and circadian rhythm issues through variations in chronotype. PCOS-related endocrine, metabolic, and adiposity factors influence mood, eating habits, and chronotype disorders.

Background: Rhinitis medicomentosa (RM) is a form of non-allergic rhinitis caused by the use of nasal decongestants for longer than the recommended duration. Because of this problem of use, addiction to the drug occurs in individuals. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of RM patients to substance addiction. Methods: The study was planned as a prospective, multicentric study between September 2022 and September 2023. Patients diagnosed with RM were included in the study. Beck depression scale, Drug use disorders identification test, Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale were applied to the patients participating in the study. The research data were analyzed electronically with SPSS program version 25. Results: The study included 86 patients with an average age of 31 years. The average duration of medication use was 22 months. Age, gender, duration of nasal congestion, duration of drug use and smoking were not independent predictors for depression and substance use tendency. Conclusion: The relationship between RM and addictive substances is not clear. The tendency to use drugs did not increase in RM patients. In the light of these data, we think that there is no need for a practice other than routine functioning in the use of drugs and similar substances that are likely to cause addiction in RM patients.

Aim: With the increasing life expectancy, the elderly population is gradually increasing. Considering the difficulty in recognizing and treating mental disorders in the elderly, clinicians should be careful about risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of chronic diseases with depression and anxiety levels and to raise awareness for mental illnesses in this age group. Material and Methods: This study was conducted with 100 patients over 65 years of age. Patients with a diagnosis of psychiatric illness and using psychotropic drugs for the last 6 months were not included in the study. After the sample of the study was formed, the sociodemographic data form prepared by the researchers and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were applied to the patients. Results: Anxiety levels were found to be significantly higher in female patients (p=0.032). A positive correlation was found between age and depression levels (r=0.225, p=0.025). No statistically significant difference was found in anxiety and depression levels between the patient groups with and without chronic disease (p=0.122, and p=0.668, respectively). Conclusion: Chronic diseases, duration of the disease, and use of medication were not found to be associated with anxiety and depression levels, while anxiety levels were found to be higher in female patients, and also a significant positive correlation was found between age and depression levels. Mental disorders are a subject that needs to be examined in detail in elderly patients. The mental illnesses of elderly patients should not be ignored and should always be considered by clinicians.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is prevalent among young women and may influence both mental well-being and circadian patterns. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) has been associated with circadian rhythm disruptions, as circadian rhythms regulate physiological and biological functions throughout the day. This study investigates the impact of PMS on mental health and its association with chronotype and social jetlag among nursing students. This cross-sectional descriptive and comparative study included 98 female nursing students enrolled at a university during the spring semester of 2023. Participants who provided informed consent via Google Forms were classified into PMS and without PMS groups according to their Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) scores. Data were collected using the PMSS, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Social Jetlag Questionnaire. The participants’ mean age was 21.13 ± 1.46 years, their mean body mass index (BMI) was 21.75 ± 3.04, and the mean total PMSS score was 135.45 ± 42.64. Students with PMS exhibited significantly higher depression (p < 0.001, O. R = 1.126) and anxiety scores (p < 0.001, O. R = 1.094) than those without PMS. PMS presence significantly affected both depression and anxiety scores (p < 0.001, Std. Beta = 0.474; p < 0.001, Std. Beta = 0.429, respectively). No statistically significant impact of PMS on social jetlag or chronotype was observed. However, in the group with PMS, a positive and significant correlation was found between PMSS total score and social jetlag (r = 0.351, p = 0.013) and BAI total scores (r = 0.350, p = 0.013). This study demonstrates that PMS significantly affects the mental health of nursing students, as those with PMS reported higher levels of depression and anxiety. Furthermore, the finding that social jetlag and anxiety increased as PMS severity increased suggests that circadian rhythm irregularities may be a factor to consider in symptom management. This study has some limitations, including the use of self-reported data and a relatively small sample size, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. It is recommended that future research should confirm these relationships with larger samples and longitudinal designs.