Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are known to provide cardioprotective effects, but their influence on validated cardiovascular risk models remains underexplored. This study assessed the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular risk scores, metabolic parameters, and laboratory profiles over six months. Methods: This study was conducted on 152 T2DM patients initiating SGLT2 inhibitors. Cardiovascular risk was evaluated using the SCORE2-DM model at baseline and after six months. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analysis assessed temporal risk stratification changes. Metabolic parameters and laboratory profiles were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: Cardiovascular risk scores decreased significantly, i.e., from 21.68 to 17.43 (p < 0.001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were reduced by 9.21 mmHg and 6.16 mmHg, respectively (p < 0.001). BMI declined by 1.27 kg/m² (p < 0.001), and HbA1c decreased by 1.38% (p < 0.001). Triglyceride levels dropped by 22.91 mg/dL (p < 0.001), while renal parameters remained stable. The GEE analysis confirmed significant shifts to lower cardiovascular risk categories (β = −0.777, p < 0.001), with comparable efficacy between empagliflozin and dapagliflozin (p = 0.922). Conclusions: SGLT2 inhibitor therapy significantly reduces cardiovascular risk and improves metabolic and laboratory parameters in T2DM patients. These findings highlight the importance of integrating SGLT2 inhibitors into comprehensive cardiometabolic management strategies.

Objective. The pathophysiology of fibromyalgia (FM), a continuously painful syndrome with no known origin, has been related to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Recent studies have shown that FM may be associated with an oxidative balance disorder. The objective of this study was to measure the levels of oxidative stress in FM patients and try to understand the association between FM and free radicals. Methods. This study was performed on 100 volunteers admitted to the University of Health Sciences, Sultan 2, Abdulhamid Han Health Application and Research Center Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Clinic, including 50 healthy controls and 50 patients with FM. To analyze oxidative stress biomarkers, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were measured. Total thiol (TT) and native thiol (NT) concentrations were measured to determine the relationship between thiol groups. Disulfide (DIS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were calculated with mathematical formulas. Results. While TOS and OSI levels were statistically higher in FM patients, TAS levels were significantly lower compared to the healthy control group (p<0.001). In comparison to the healthy control group, FM patients had considerably decreased TT and NT levels. DIS levels were significantly higher in FM patients than in controls (p<0.001). Conclusions. Reactive oxygen species have several negative impacts on the human body. As a result of the measurements we analyzed, the relationship between FM and oxidative stress should be studied in terms of disease progression and may help improve the treatment process.