The stationary hierarchical network faces considerable challenges from hotspots and faster network breakdowns, especially in smart monitoring applications. As a solution to this issue, mobile sinks were recommended since they are associated with huge and balanced ways to transfer data and energy across the network. Again, due to the mobile sink node advertisement around the network latency and the energy utilization overheads introduced across the network, ring routing reduces the control overhead while preserving the benefits of the mobile sink, thereby optimizing the energy and improving the network life span. Consequently, we suggested a novel, distributed advanced ring routing strategy, in this work, for the mobile wireless sensor network. Extensive simulations and performance evaluation, in comparison to previous distributed mobile approaches, reveal a 37% and 40% boost in the network throughput and end-to end delay, respectively. Additionally, the lifespan of a network is determined by the control overhead and energy demand.

Heterogeneous mobile networks are a vital cue for Internet of Things (IoT) networks and their applications. Therefore, an optimal routing protocol is essential for the heterogeneous network to realize energy efficiency and robustness. However, designing an optimal routing protocol is more complex due to uneven energy depletion and dynamic event generation. The complexity further increases with the node mobility. In this context, the multi-hop routing approach with a controlled mobility pattern provides an energy efficient network by improving memory and storage utilization. This work proposes a new energy-efficient model for heterogeneous network, considering the effect of mobility and residual energy of nodes for cluster head selection in multi-hop-LEACH (M-LEACH). The performance of the proposed mobility induced multi-hop LEACH (Mob M-LEACH) protocol is further compared with existing baseline methods. The robustness of the network is evaluated considering static and dynamic environments for multiple network technologies. The simulation results show that the proposed method reduces network latency by 25% and enhances the throughput by 75%, improving energy consumption and network lifetime when compared with the state-of-art methods.