Evaluating national climate policy performance requires frameworks that integrate multiple dimensions while accommodating diverse development pathways. This study develops a Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) framework to construct a Climate Policy Performance Index (CPPI) for 187 countries. The index integrates four dimensions—mitigation, adaptation, economic capacity, and governance—using explicit utility functions and policy-aligned weights derived from climate policy priorities. Data are drawn from the Global Carbon Project, ND-GAIN Country Index, and World Bank indicators. Results reveal substantial cross-national heterogeneity, with CPPI scores ranging from 33.67 (Turkmenistan) to 78.46 (Norway). Nordic countries lead with balanced excellence across dimensions, while alternative high-performance pathways emerge through mitigation leadership (Uruguay, Costa Rica) or governance-economy strength (Singapore). Regional analysis identifies Europe as the top-performing region (mean = 59.92), whereas Sub-Saharan Africa achieves unexpectedly high rankings despite low emissions, owing to weak institutional capacity. The relationship between income and climate performance is non-monotonic: lower-middle-income countries achieve comparable aggregate scores to high-income nations, with near-perfect mitigation performance compensating for weaker governance. Sensitivity analysis shows that ranking robustness is comparable across equal, adaptation-focused, and multiplicative weighting schemes (Spearman's ρ > 0.83), whereas mitigation-focused weights yield substantially different orderings (ρ = 0.47). The CPPI correlates moderately with ND-GAIN (r = 0.40) and weakly negatively with CO₂ per capita (r = −0.28), indicating the framework captures distinct aspects of climate policy performance. The proposed methodology advances beyond existing indices by providing axiomatic foundations, transparent utility specifications, and comprehensive sensitivity analysis, offering a theoretically grounded tool for cross-national climate policy evaluation.

Evaluating national climate policy performance requires frameworks that integrate multiple dimensions while accommodating diverse development pathways. This study develops a Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) framework to construct a Climate Policy Performance Index (CPPI) for 187 countries. The index integrates four dimensions—mitigation, adaptation, economic capacity, and governance—using explicit utility functions and policy-aligned weights derived from climate policy priorities. Results reveal substantial cross-national heterogeneity, with CPPI scores ranging from 33.67 (Turkmenistan) to 78.46 (Norway). Nordic countries lead with balanced excellence across dimensions, while alternative high-performance pathways emerge through mitigation leadership (Uruguay and Costa Rica) or governance–economy strength (Singapore). Regional analysis identifies Europe as the top-performing region, whereas Sub-Saharan Africa achieves unexpectedly high rankings despite low emissions owing to weak institutional capacity. The relationship between income and climate performance is non-monotonic: lower-middle-income countries achieve aggregate scores comparable to those of high-income nations, with near-perfect mitigation performance compensating for weaker governance. Sensitivity analysis shows that ranking robustness is comparable across equal, adaptation-focused, and multiplicative weighting schemes, whereas mitigation-focused weights yield substantially different orderings (ρ = 0.47). The CPPI correlates moderately with ND-GAIN (r = 0.40) and weakly and negatively with CO₂ per capita (r = −0.28), indicating that the framework captures distinct aspects of climate policy performance. The proposed methodology advances beyond existing indices by providing axiomatic foundations, transparent utility specifications, and comprehensive sensitivity analysis, offering a theoretically grounded tool for cross-national climate policy evaluation.

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the legal features of phytosanitary certification in the EU. A comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature allows us to conclude that currently the scientific doctrine lacks scientific research aimed at determining the legal nature of relations in the field of plant protection in a constantly updated legislation and integration processes. Scientists, especially without delving into the theoretical justification, perceive a certain approach to the legal nature of plant protection relations as something absolutely clear and such that does not require proof. At the same time, it is noted that despite the poorly developed theoretical and methodological principles of legal regulation of plant protection, Ukraine has formed a fairly extensive phytosanitary legislation, based on the Law of Ukraine «On Plant Protection». Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the main features of the legal features of phytosanitary certification in the EU, in particular: long history and long-term testing; evolution and adjustment; transfer of a significant part of the responsibility for controlling the phytosanitary condition of crop products to private entities. It was found that phytosanitary certification does not always guarantee the actual absence of pests and established the fact that phytosanitary certification performs not only quarantine tasks - it is entrusted with the important task of traceability. This conclusion is confirmed by the analysis of the information specified in the phytosanitary passport. Its main substantive task is to identify the person who carried out operations with plants or plant products. The conclusion is substantiated that the legal features of phytosanitary certification in the EU are the formation of a two-tier system of phytosanitary control: direct operators of the plant market, issuing phytosanitary passports, take responsibility, confirming the satisfactory phytosanitary condition of products that was checked by them (or produced by them, or packaged, or sold, etc.), and public authorities monitor whether such entities are able to properly perform their respective duties.

Ensuring access to environmental information is one of the key elements of democratic governance in the environmental sphere and an important component of the implementation of environmental human rights. In the current conditions of globalization and European integration of Ukraine, bringing national legislation into line with international standards enshrined in the 1998 Aarhus Convention and regulatory legal acts of the European Union is of particular importance. Research in this area is of practical importance, since ensuring openness of environmental information contributes to raising environmental awareness in society, prevents violations of citizens’ rights and ensures the fulfillment of Ukraine’s European integration obligations. The purpose of the article is to analyze international legal standards for access to environmental information, assess the compliance of Ukrainian legislation with the EU acquis and the Aarhus Convention, as well as identify areas for improving the national regulatory framework and the practice of its application. The methodological basis of the research is general scientific and special legal methods, in particular: formal legal method for analyzing regulatory acts; comparative legal method for comparing the provisions of Ukrainian legislation with EU law and the Aarhus Convention; a systematic approach for considering environmental information policy as a holistic phenomenon; a method of analysis and synthesis for formulating generalized conclusions. The article reveals the content of international legal standards in the field of access to environmental information, identifies the main provisions of the Aarhus Convention and relevant EU directives. The current legislation of Ukraine is analyzed, in particular the Law «On Environmental Protection», the Law «On Information», the Law «On Access to Public Information», as well as by-laws that regulate the procedure for providing environmental information. It is concluded that despite some harmonization with European law, the Ukrainian legal system is still characterized by fragmentation, insufficient clarity of access procedures and low efficiency of law enforcement. It was revealed that the issues of the timing of the publication of environmental information, ensuring its relevance and completeness, as well as mechanisms for holding accountable for refusal or improper provision of information remain problematic. Based on the conducted research, the need for further adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to EU standards in the field of access to environmental information has been proven. Areas of improvement have been proposed, in particular: strengthening institutional guarantees of access, introduction of modern digital tools for information dissemination, unification of data provision procedures, improvement of mechanisms of judicial and extrajudicial protection of citizens’ rights. The implementation of these tasks will contribute to increasing transparency in the field of environmental management, effective implementation of European environmental standards and realization of the right of every person to an environment safe for life and health.

The aim of this article was to analyze the legal basis of the postwar restoration of Ukraine, and to investigate the possible options, programs and plans for effecting this restoration. The following methods were used for the detailed study of this topic: comparative, legal-cognitive, logical-legal, hermeneutic, statistical, dialectical and formal-legal. The results of the research are the definition of basic concepts and terms, namely "reparations" and "war"; clarification of peculiarities of Ukraine's post-WWII reconstruction; research and analysis of Ukraine's post-war programs, strategies and plans of renewal, and; establishment of peculiarities and payment of reparations for Ukraine. The legal framework of Ukrainian reconstruction was also studied. It is concluded that, the integration of all existing opportunities in the world to assist Ukraine in its post-war reconstruction will facilitate Ukraine's accession to various international and European institutions, including the European Union. Also, the updating of new international acts regulating assistance to Ukraine and compensation from Russia will contribute to the improvement of the international legal framework, which in some respects has not changed since World War II.