Мета. Метою статті є ідентифікація тенденцій і чинників інвестицій у сільському господарстві в Україні в період 2014–2019 рр. та впливу заходів земельної реформи із лібералізації обігу земель сільськогосподарського призначення на обсяги інвестування в сільському господарстві. Методологія / методика / підхід. У дослідженні використано такі методи, як логічні операції (аналіз, синтез, узагальнення, індукція, дедукція) – для визначення особливостей тенденцій в інвестуванні, формулювання висновків щодо впливу земельної реформи на інвестиції; індексний – для виявлення кількісних змін у номінальних і реальних обсягах інвестицій, чинниках впливу; трендовий аналіз – для визначення тенденцій змін та побудови функцій тренду інвестицій у різні періоди; факторний і кореляційний аналіз – для виявлення чинників і щільності зв’язку та залежностей обсягів інвестицій від окремих чинників (прибутку, цін, ставки відсотка, державної підтримки); графічний – для візуальної презентації динаміки інвестицій. Дослідження виконувалося на основі статистичних даних Державної служби статистики України, Національного банку України, звітності сільськогосподарських підприємств Харківської області та даних власних спостережень за 2014–2019 рр. (для розрахунку індексів окремих показників та окремих коефіцієнтів кореляції враховувалися дані за 2009–2013 рр.). Результати. Визначено функцію тренду, яка розкриває загальну спрямованість зміни річних обсягів інвестування в сільському господарстві у 2014–2019 рр. в Україні. Установлено, що основними чинниками, які здійснювали вплив на процеси інвестування в цей період, були підвищення цін на сільськогосподарську продукцію, низький рівень диспаритету цін на продукцію сільського господарства та матеріально-технічні ресурси, експортна орієнтація виробництва та сприятлива для експортерів динаміка курсу національної валюти, агроінновації, прибутковість сільськогосподарського виробництва. Однак дія визначених чинників не пояснює зменшення обсягу інвестицій у 2019 р. Проведене дослідження показало, що очікування щодо змін у законодавстві стосовно обігу земель сільськогосподарського призначення мали негативний вплив на динаміку інвестування в сільському господарстві в Україні. Для збереження тренду збільшення інвестування в сільськогосподарське виробництво, його техніко-технологічне оновлення важливим є здійснення комплексу правових, економічних, технічних та організаційних заходів, що забезпечать якісне реформування земельних відносин. Оригінальність / наукова новизна. Набули подальшого розвитку визначення динаміки інвестицій у сільському господарстві в Україні та ідентифікація найбільш значущих чинників впливу на них у 2014–2019 рр., оцінка зміни в річних обсягах інвестування під впливом очікувань запровадження ринку землі в Україні. Розвинуто наукове обґрунтування впливу земельної реформи на інвестування в сільському господарстві та доведено, що доки права власності на землі сільськогосподарського призначення залишатимуться нечітко та не у повному обсязі визначеними, неможна стверджувати про підстави для підвищення ефективності використання земельних ресурсів, збільшення інвестицій у сільське господарство внаслідок відміни мораторію на продаж землі. Тривалість лагу впливу...

The purpose of the study is to consider issues of adaptability of economic systems under the influence of external and internal shocks to the modern global challenges. The paper represents the theoretical foundations of determining the quality of factors external to economic systems capable of exerting a shock effect on them; the functions of the shock impact mechanism on national economic systems in the conditions of globalization processes are highlighted. Globalization is based on the development of global markets for goods, services, labor and capital. This process is characterized by the strengthening of the funds movement in the most profitable sectors of the national economy, the rapid development of financial markets that generate strong financial flows, and the sharpening of the financial market of innovations and the innovation process involves the creation, development and spread of innovations. Adaptation is considered as a process of changes in quantitative and qualitative features of the system, which allows to reach the optimal or, in critical conditions, the limit state of functioning in changing conditions. Systems are able to change their parameters in accordance with external conditions, self-adjusting is called adaptive, and the functioning of adaptive systems is based on a feedback mechanism. Adaptability implies the possibility of prompt response in the process of functioning of the system to the current information that is received, regarding changes in the conditions of its functioning. The essence of the concept of adaptability is to change the parameters, structure and algorithms of system functioning based not only on a priori information, but also current information, as well as forecasted information, in order to achieve or maintain a certain efficiency of the system when the operating conditions of the latter change. The content of external and internal shocks and their transmission to national economic systems, the spread of financial crises, were studied. External shocks in the context of globalization are the most obvious and significant manifestation of the influence of exogenous factors on national economic systems. The systemic role of external shocks lies in the fact that they are one of the components of the mechanism of spreading global financial instability. Considering shock disturbances as supply and demand, we also distinguish the main external sources of their occurrence according to the subjects of supply and demand. Keywords: adaptability of the economy, globalization, economic shocks, stability of the national economy, shock effects.

The purpose of the article is to study the activities of small businesses as the main driver of economic development and on this basis to determine their role and importance in the development of the economy. The terminological essence and content of the concept of “entrepreneurship” and its change and streamlining in the development of economic theory, as well as the definition of the concept “small business” are considered. It is established that in world practice there are different approaches to the classification of entrepreneurship and criteria for classifying it as small. The most used criteria are the number of small business staff (average number of permanent and part-time employees); the amount of authorized capital; financial performance of a small enterprise (net profit, total income, asset turnover); type of enterprise activity. The advantages of small business are identified, which include the ability to change and adapt quickly, mobility and the ability to combine efforts, innovation potential, proximity to the customer, low overhead costs, the use of narrow niches. Based on the study, the main goals and objectives of small business are systematized, as well as the importance of the activities of these entities in the social, economic, and environmental spheres. It is established that the prospects for the development of small business depend on the factors of the external micro and macro environment that affect entrepreneurs in a certain period and the article is based on obstacles, according to the author. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that small business is the driving force of a market economy and is designed to solve problems such as identifying factors of innovative growth of large, small and medium enterprises, and determine the strength of each factor; to determine the factors influencing the improvement of the level and quality of life of the population and to characterize the possibilities of expanding the middle social stratum, as well as to form the priority directions of innovative development of small business. Key words: small business, business, public administration, economy, management.

Introduction. The production component development of the innovation potential of agrarian business entities should take place through the attraction of their own investments. This will increase the profitability of agricultural enterprises. The purpose of the research is to generalize the approaches to the formation of the mechanisms structure for managing the development of innovation and investment potential of enterprises and their associations in the agricultural sector. Results. The mechanisms essence of formation of innovative strategies of agrarian business subjects is defined. The organizational and economic mechanism of innovative development management of agricultural enterprises is characterized. The process of strategic zones selection of innovation activity for innovation potential formation is revealed. International experience in planning strategic zones of innovation activity is characterized. The preconditions for the selection and formation of innovative strategies for the agricultural enterprises development are outlined. The essence of the strategic zone choice of economic activity of an agrarian business subject is determined. The factors influencing the competitive strategy of the enterprise are given. The aspects are substantiated that need to be taken into account in the process of forming a competitive strategy of an agricultural enterprise. The factors are defined on which the estimation of the enterprise position depends. The problems are highlighted that arise due to the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of strategic zones of economic activity for domestic agricultural enterprises. The importance of taking into account the competitiveness level in the industry in the process of determining the competitive situation in a particular raw material area is emphasized. The presence of shortcomings has been defined in the theoretical and practical basis of this issue due to failure to take into account the peculiarities of the agricultural market. The process of innovative developments introduction in agriculture is characterized. Conclusions. Agricultural producers are experiencing difficulties in their activities due to the mismatch of their production facilities to the innovation potential. In this regard, to mobilize the innovation, investment and economic potential of the agricultural enterprise, it is necessary to implement a strategy of diversification of production. Key words: innovation and investment potential, agricultural enterprise, economic activity, mechanism of innovation strategies formation, competitive strategy, strategic zone of innovation activity.

Evaluating national climate policy performance requires frameworks that integrate multiple dimensions while accommodating diverse development pathways. This study develops a Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) framework to construct a Climate Policy Performance Index (CPPI) for 187 countries. The index integrates four dimensions—mitigation, adaptation, economic capacity, and governance—using explicit utility functions and policy-aligned weights derived from climate policy priorities. Data are drawn from the Global Carbon Project, ND-GAIN Country Index, and World Bank indicators. Results reveal substantial cross-national heterogeneity, with CPPI scores ranging from 33.67 (Turkmenistan) to 78.46 (Norway). Nordic countries lead with balanced excellence across dimensions, while alternative high-performance pathways emerge through mitigation leadership (Uruguay, Costa Rica) or governance-economy strength (Singapore). Regional analysis identifies Europe as the top-performing region (mean = 59.92), whereas Sub-Saharan Africa achieves unexpectedly high rankings despite low emissions, owing to weak institutional capacity. The relationship between income and climate performance is non-monotonic: lower-middle-income countries achieve comparable aggregate scores to high-income nations, with near-perfect mitigation performance compensating for weaker governance. Sensitivity analysis shows that ranking robustness is comparable across equal, adaptation-focused, and multiplicative weighting schemes (Spearman's ρ > 0.83), whereas mitigation-focused weights yield substantially different orderings (ρ = 0.47). The CPPI correlates moderately with ND-GAIN (r = 0.40) and weakly negatively with CO₂ per capita (r = −0.28), indicating the framework captures distinct aspects of climate policy performance. The proposed methodology advances beyond existing indices by providing axiomatic foundations, transparent utility specifications, and comprehensive sensitivity analysis, offering a theoretically grounded tool for cross-national climate policy evaluation.

The rise in mental health issues, urbanization, and loneliness presents significant societal challenges. It is imperative to comprehend the complex relationships among the various factors influencing mental health. This prospective study examines the relationships between mental, physical, and social health, as well as the physical environment, considering individual sociodemographic characteristics and objective macro-factors related to the Sustainable Development Goals, using a network approach. Moreover, the Multidimensional Mental Health Model was validated using a nationally representative sample of 1610 participants (49% women) over a three-month period. The used measurements were: Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale(GAD-7), the Perceived Stress Scale-10(PSS-10), the Satisfaction With Life Scale(SWLS), the Neighborhood Cohesion Scale, and the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale(R-UCLA). Physical health was assessed using the Self-Rated Health measure(SRH). The network analysis revealed that the model demonstrated robustness and stability over time. Social health (loneliness and neighborhood cohesion) served as an indirect mechanism linking mental health to the physical environment. Moreover, urbanicity was positively associated with neighborhood belonging but negatively with social cohesion. Additionally, depression symptoms and CO2 emissions emerged as key risk factors, while forest areas and urbanicity served as influential protective factors. The centrality of neighborhood cohesion and green areas increased over time, highlighting their importance. The findings underscore the significance of a multifaceted approach to mental health that considers the interplay among social, environmental, individual, and objective macro-factors. This understanding can help develop more effective mental health prevention programs and provide valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners in creating supportive environments.