The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphogenic and structural characteristics of Megathyrsus maximus 'BRS Tamani', subjected to increasing nitrogen doses, as well as the components of its biomass. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four treatments (0, 300, 600, and 1,200 kg ha-1 N per year) and three replicates, in 12 experimental units of 12.5 m² each. The evaluations were performed in the rest period of the pasture, after defoliation to a residual leaf area index of 1.0, until the pasture reached the number 3.0 of new leaves produced per tiller. Leaf and stem elongation rates increased with the increment in N doses up to 1,200 kg ha-1 N per year. There was a decreasing linear response for phyllochron and leaf life span. Increases of 704% were observed for the harvestable green leaf biomass, at the dose equivalent to 1,200 kg ha-1 N per year. The biomasses of dead forage and harvestable stem were not affected by the N doses. Nitrogen fertilization shows a positive effect on the morphogenic, structural, and productive characteristics of 'BRS Tamani' guinea grass up to the dose equivalent to 1,200 kg ha-1 N per year.

O pasto apícola de uma região é formado pelo conjunto de plantas que fornecem recursos como pólen e néctar, essenciais à sobrevivência das abelhas. Para que a apicultura seja desenvolvida de forma sustentável é de fundamental importância que o apicultor tenha conhecimento das espécies que compõem o pasto apícola. Conhecendo-as, é possível preservá-las e multiplicá-las, contribuindo também para a preservação da natureza. Com o presente trabalho objetivou-se identificar as plantas com potencial apícola do Município de Cocal, localizado no Norte do Piauí, contribuindo para o conhecimento da flora apícola e fornecendo informações que poderão ser utilizadas no manejo das colmeias e na determinação da origem floral do mel produzido na região. Foi realizado um levantamento florístico pelo método direto. As coletas foram realizadas aleatoriamente dentro de um raio de 1500m ao redor do apiário. Para determinação da composição florística foram coletados quinzenalmente, durante três meses (janeiro a março), materiais botânicos das espécies que estavam em floração, na área experimental. Após a identificação de espécies amostradas na área de estudo, fez-se uma listagem, agrupando por família, de acordo com o sistema de taxonomia vegetal utilizado na classificação de espécies. A flora estudada foi representada por 33 espécies, com um total de 20 famílias. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae. Foram identificados 15 tipos polínicos, pertencentes a 11 famílias. A família Euphorbiaceae representou 27,27% das espécies polínicas. Conclui-se que a diversidade florística ecótono da região contribui significativamente para a atividade apícola do município de Cocal-PI.

Biomass flow characteristics and forage accumulation were evaluated in Bermudagrass (Tifton 85) pasture managed under intermittent stocking with different management strategies. The management levels utilized were conventional (10 cm residual height and unfertilized), light (20 cm residual height and unfertilized), moderate (20 cm residual height with fertilization of 300 kg N/ha.year) and intensive (10 cm residual height with fertilization of 600 kg N/ha.year). A randomized design was used with repeated measurements over time, in two periods of the year, with four replicates. There was significant effect of management × period of the year on the leaf elongation rate (LER). The management levels under fertilization (0.59 and 0.60 cm/tiller.day for the intensive and moderate management, respectively) and the rainy season (0.49 cm/tiller.day) showed the greatest stem elongation rate. Leaf senescence rate (LSR) before and after and total LSR were modified by the management × period of the year interaction. The intensive management, with 0.38 leaves/tiller.day, as well as the dry period, with 0.27 leaves/tiller.day, showed higher leaf appearance rate. The lowest phyllochron was observed in intensive management and dry periods, as well as an interaction with the management of the same periods of the year. There was management × period of year interaction effect on leaf lifespan; the highest value was found under conventional management and dry period. Both production and forage accumulation rates were higher in the intensive and moderate management levels and dry season, and there was interaction of the intensive management system with the seasons. Managing pastures under moderate and intensive rotational stocking, which occurred mainly in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, maximizes the flow of tissues and consequently production and accumulation of forage.201

A atividade de forrageamento das abelhas consiste no ato de buscar e coletar os recursos florais (pólen, néctar e água) que são essenciais à sua sobrevivência. Essa atividade pode ser influenciada por fatores climáticos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi entender o comportamento forrageiro das abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera e suas relações com fatores ambientais. O estudo foi realizado na unidade didática do IFPI campus Cocal, município de Cocal-PI. As coletas foram realizadas no primeiro semestre de 2021. Foram avaliadas cinco colmeias, sendo registrado o número de abelhas que entravam carregando pólen e néctar/água em suas corbículas, de 6:00 às 17:00h. As colmeias eram observadas durante 10 minutos em cada hora, concomitante a essa avaliação foi registrado os dados climáticos por meio de um termohigrômetro. As abelhas preferiram coletar pólen no período de 6:00 às 12:00h. As atividades de forrageamento de pólen tiveram pico de coleta às 8:00h no mês de março de 2021. As abelhas coletaram néctar durante todo o dia, aumentando sua frequência entre 13:00h e 16:00h durante o período avaliado, sendo o pico de coleta de néctar às 12:00h no mês de junho de 2021.

The monitoring the internal thermoregulation of the hives and the environment of the apiary become essential for the success of the production system, since they can affect the development of the offspring and daily activities carried out by the bees, and in this sense, the objective was to monitor the temperature. in hives of Africanized bees Apis mellifera L. in the municipality of Cocal-PI from January to October 2021. The results collected during the productive cycle (rainy and dry period) indicated that the internal temperature in the hives of Africanized bees fluctuated throughout the months, from January to October, in compliance with the recommendations. Environmental temperatures declined as the months of the year passed, with the highest temperatures being observed in January, with an average of 34.1ºC and rising during the dry period of the year, reaching an average value of 33.8ºC in October. The africanized Apis mellifera bees maintain nest homeostasis in the dry and rainy period of the year. The air humidity behaved contrary to the temperature of the environment in the rainy season, increasing with the passing of the months, while, in the dry period of the year, there was a reduction in air humidity. Africanized Apis mellifera bees maintain nest homeostasis in the dry and rainy period of the year. There are internal temperature variations in hives throughout the year without altering the internal homeostatic balance. Fluctuations in air humidity and ambient temperatures are due to variations in climatic conditions throughout the months of the year.