Objective The aim of the study was to investigate gender and age effect on dynamic plantar pressure distribution in early adolescence. Methods A total of 524 adolescents (211 women and 313 men; mean age: 12.58 ± 1.11 years (range: 11–14 years)) participated in pedobarographic measurements during gait at self-selected speed. Data of peak pressure (PP), maximum force (MaxF-Newton), body weight corrected maximum force (BW_MaxF), contact area (CA-cm2) were analyzed for total foot and four plantar regions (hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot and toes). Results Higher toes PP was found in the ages of 12–14 years in females compared to males (253.79 ± 104.93 vs 216.00 ± 81.12 for the age of 12, p = 0.011, 264.40 ± 65.02 vs 227.21 ± 83.4 for the age of 13, p = 0.044, 299.75 ± 140.60 vs 238.75 ± 103.32 for the age of 14, p = 0.005). Females' higher MaxF especially for toes (136.24 ± 48.54 vs 115.33 ± 46.03, p = 0.008) and smaller CA especially for forefoot (50.12 ± 5.79 vs 54.4893 ± 6.80, p = 0.001) were considerable in the late of early adolescence. Forefoot (305.66 ± 82.14 females p = 0.001, 281.35 ± 79.59 males p < 0.001) and total foot PP (374.08 ± 113.93 females, p = 0.035, 338.61 ± 85.85 males p = 0.009) at the age of 14 was significantly higher than in younger ages in both gender groups. Conclusion The results indicate that especially the age of 14 years in early adolescence is a critical age for alteration in plantar pressure distribution. Interestingly females tended to increase their toe and forefoot plantar pressures compared to males by increasing age. We suggest that gender and age impact on toes plantar pressure alterations in early adolescence may be a possible risk factor for further foot impairments. Level of Evidence Level III, Diagnostic Study. ER -

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the biomechanical alterations during unilateral backpack carriage in adolescents and to compare the kinematic parameters of the loaded and unloaded sides.\r\nMethods: Twenty adolescents (mean age: 13±1.2 years) were assessed during walking with no backpack and with a backpack on one shoulder. The kinematic parameters of a gait at a self-selected speed were analyzed using motion analysis. Specific kinematic peak points were compared between asymmetric walking; unloaded, loaded side and mean of unloaded walking.\r\nResults: Peak ankle dorsal flexion, mean knee varum angle, peak value of hip extension and range of pelvic rotation decreased; and knee flexion at initial contact, hip adduction angle, mean pelvic anterior tilt and mean pelvic obliquity increased on the loaded side relative to the unloaded side and unloaded walking. Decreased maximum hip extension during late stance, increased hip adduction, elevated pelvis and increased anterior pelvic tilt were seen on the loaded side and the pelvis was lowered, ankle dorsal flexion increased and the hip was abducted on the unloaded side as a counter effect. \r\nConclusion: Both the unloaded and loaded sides were affected by asymmetrical backpack carriage. The biomechanical alterations seen in asymmetrical backpack carriage may put some extra load on the lumbar vertebral joints and altered frontal knee biomechanics contribute to low back pain and pathologies in the knee joint. Özet Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı adölesanlarda tek taraflı sırt çantası taşınması sırasında meydana gelen biyomekanik değişiklikleri ve yüklenen ve yüklenmeyen tarafların kinematik parametrelerini araştırmaktı.\r\nÇalışma planı: Yaş ortalaması 13±1.2 yıl olan 20 adölesan, ‘sırt çantasız yürüyüş’ ve ‘sırt çantası bir omuz üzerindeyken yürüyüş’ olmak üzere iki durumda değerlendirildi. Yürüyüşün kinematik parametreleri, olguların kendi belirledikleri hızda, hareket analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Asimetrik yürüyüş; yüklenen ve yüklenmeyen taraf ile ağırlıksız yürüyüşe ait spesifik kinematik noktaların ortalamaları karşılaştırıldı\r\nBulgular: Bu çalışma, yüklenmeyen tarafa ve ağırlıksız yürüyüşe göre yüklenen tarafta topuk vuruşunda diz fleksiyonu, kalça addüksiyon açısı, ortalama anterior pelvik tilt ve ortalama pelvik obliklik artarken; maksimum ayak bileği dorsifleksiyonu, ortalama diz varum açısı, maksimum kalça ekstansiyon değeri ve pelvik rotasyon hareket aralığının azaldığı görüldü. Yüklenen tarafta duruş fazının sonunda azalmış maksimum kalça ekstansiyonu, artmış kalça addüksiyonu, yükselmiş pelvis ve artmış anterior pelvik tilt belirlenirken, karşı etki olarak, yüklenmeyen tarafta pelvis alçalmış, ayak bileği dorsifleksiyonu artmış ve kalça abdüksiyonda idi. \r\nÇıkarımlar: Sırt çantasının asimetrik taşınmasının hem yüklenen hem de yüklenmeyen tarafa etkisi olduğu görüldü. Bu nedenle oluşan biyomekanik değişiklikler lomber omurlar üzerinde ekstra yük oluşturmakta, ön diz biyomekaniğindeki değişimler bel ağrısına ve dizde farklı patolojilere yol açabilmektedir.

Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between knowledge about diabetes, physical activity, and quality of life in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Method: A total of 188 geriatric individuals with a mean age of 75.2 years were included in this study. The level of knowledge about diabetes was assessed by the Diabetes Information Questionnaire-24, the Kasari index was used to assess the level of physical activity, and quality of life was assessed by the Diabetes-39 Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results: The participants’ knowledge about diabetes, their physical activity levels according to the Kasari index, and Diabetes-39 quality of life scores were all low. It was determined that level of knowledge was significantly related to physical activity and the Diabetes-39 diabetes control subgroup score (p