Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a highly toxic, non-biodegradable, and carcinogenic heavy metal. Its continuous release into aquatic ecosystems demands efficient, low-cost adsorbents. In this study, orange peel and peanut shell residues were thermally modified at 250 °C to enhance Cr(VI) remediation. Structural characterization confirmed that low-temperature calcination transforms raw agroindustrial wastes into functional biochars with a chemical architecture primed for cooperative Cr(VI) removal. N₂ physisorption revealed a hierarchical mesoporous network with average pore diameters of 30.6 nm (calcined orange peel) and 15.4 nm (calcined peanut shell), despite low specific surface areas. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that removal kinetics reached equilibrium within 5 min for the modified biochars. Isotherm modeling showed that the adsorption process was best described by the Freundlich and Sips models. The calculated Sips heterogeneity factors (β_S > 1) provided evidence of a cooperative multi-layer adsorption mechanism, attributed to the induced mesoporosity: initial chemisorption at high-energy sites facilitates the continuous anchoring of additional Cr(VI) ions without premature saturation. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that low-temperature calcination is a viable strategy to transform agricultural waste into kinetically efficient, cooperative adsorbents for wastewater treatment.

Male contraception has historically relied on limited options such as condoms and vasectomy, leaving a significant gap in reversible, non-hormonal alternatives. Recent advances have focused on soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) inhibitors as promising candidates for on-demand male contraception. This systematic review, conducted under PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesized evidence from six studies published within the last five years. The findings confirm that sAC is essential for sperm motility and capacitation, and its inhibition effectively prevents fertilization. In vitro studies demonstrated complete suppression of human sperm motility and acrosome reaction, while in vivo experiments in mice using TDI-11861 achieved 100% infertility within 2.5 hours post-administration, with full reversibility after 24 hours and no observed adverse effects. Compared to other non-hormonal targets such as STK33, BRDT, and CDK2, sAC inhibitors offer a unique advantage by acting acutely on mature sperm rather than requiring prolonged treatment to disrupt spermatogenesis. Despite these promising results, the absence of human clinical trial data remains a critical limitation. Future research should prioritize safety profiling and pharmacokinetics to ensure tissue specificity and minimize off-target effects. If validated in humans, sAC inhibitors could revolutionize male contraception by providing a fast, reversible, and user-controlled method.

La evolución de la tecnología en el ámbito médico ha traído consigo el desarrollo de herramientas innovadoras orientadas a la rehabilitación neurológica y a la mejora de la calidad de vida. Las Interfaces Cerebro-Computadora han emergido como una alternativa prometedora al permitir la restauración de funciones motoras, sensoriales y cognitivas en personas con discapacidades a través de señales neuronales. El presente trabajo se realizó conforme a la guía Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020, llevando a cabo un análisis de artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2026. La investigación analizó las principales aplicaciones de las Interfaces Cerebro-Computadora y las prótesis mioeléctricas, así como los desafíos que limitan su implementación. Destacaron aspectos relacionados con la variabilidad interindividual, la reproducibilidad de resultados en entornos cotidianos, las barreras económicas y la ética asociada al uso de datos neurofisiológicos y la interacción humano-máquina. Si bien estas tecnologías presentan un alto potencial terapéutico, su adopción a gran escala aún enfrenta limitaciones técnicas, clínicas y sociales. De esta manera, se destaca la necesidad de desarrollar soluciones más accesibles, personalizadas y enfocadas en la reproducibilidad en condiciones reales, con el fin de favorecer su implementación adecuada en la práctica médica.

While mining provides critical raw materials for modern infrastructure and the energy transition, it leaves behind severe environmental damages, such as soil mercury (Hg) contamination. In the present study, we present the first study evaluating the relationship of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus arhizus with Trifolium repens (white clover) as a novel nature-based mycoremediation strategy for mercury-stressed soils. Through a controlled 2 × 2 factorial experiment over six months, we demonstrate that P. arhizus significantly enhances both plant biomass and heavy-metal tolerance. Inoculation achieved a 9.53% reduction in soil Hg and drove a dramatic 53% increase in stem growth under Hg stress (compared to 36% in non-contaminated conditions) once the extraradicular mycelial network was established. Furthermore, we report novel soil-chemistry dynamics under Hg stress, including a 16% shift in electrical conductivity alongside unexpected increases in the available potassium (+9%) and phosphorus (+3%). These findings present first results for a novel approach of mycoremediation by incorporating P. arhizus into T. repens co-cultivation as a viable remediation strategy, prior to field-scale remediation.