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Archaeological GPR data from antennas of different frequencies allow the identification of buried cultural heritage at different scales. Therefore, multi-frequency GPR systems are recommended for complicated subsurface archaeological conditions. GPR data fusion approaches, automatically or semi-automatically, can integrate data measurements from different frequency antennas, combine them into a single representation, and partially overcome the unavoidable trade-off between penetration and resolution. We propose an adaptively weighted fusion method for multi-frequency GPR data based on genetic algorithms (GAs). In order to evaluate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the strategy for archaeological prospection, we tested the procedure on GPR datasets acquired in two totally different archaeological conditions: rammed layers of an ancient wall, in Henan Province, China, and complex and elusive prehistoric archaeological features within a natural stratigraphic sequence on the volcanic Stromboli Island, Italy. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can maximize the information content of GPR profiles, enhancing the GPR interpretation possibilities in an automatic and objective way for different targets and in different subsurface conditions.
Wenke Zhao; Lin Yuan; Emanuele Forte; Guoze Lu; Gang Tian; Michele Pipan. Multi-Frequency GPR Data Fusion with Genetic Algorithms for Archaeological Prospection. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 2804 .
AMA StyleWenke Zhao, Lin Yuan, Emanuele Forte, Guoze Lu, Gang Tian, Michele Pipan. Multi-Frequency GPR Data Fusion with Genetic Algorithms for Archaeological Prospection. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (14):2804.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenke Zhao; Lin Yuan; Emanuele Forte; Guoze Lu; Gang Tian; Michele Pipan. 2021. "Multi-Frequency GPR Data Fusion with Genetic Algorithms for Archaeological Prospection." Remote Sensing 13, no. 14: 2804.
We investigated the percolation of water within a controlled environment in order to recover the EM properties and the internal structure of the materials, and to better understand the drainage processes involved. We implemented an analogue model that accurately replicates a green roof, from the construction materials to the geometry. We acquired several common offset GPR data sets on the entire surface of the model, both before and during different irrigation tests. We separately analyzed variations in the reflected amplitudes and in the EM velocities, the latter of which were calculated by combining the measured thickness of the model with the arrival times of the recorded reflections. The signal amplitudes obtained before and during irrigation are compared in order to estimate the attenuation factor at the different stages of the irrigation process. We use the attenuation factor and the EM velocities to estimate the relative permittivity of the topsoil mixture, from which we then calculate the water content, the porosity, and the relative electrical permittivity of the solid matrix by applying well known empirical formulas. The results were validated by comparing them with independent direct measurements.
Matteo Dossi; Emanuele Forte; Sergio Andri; Andrea Nardini; Riccardo Vella; Michele Pipan. Percolation monitoring and water content estimation by Ground Penetrating Radar in a controlled environment. Journal of Applied Geophysics 2021, 190, 104336 .
AMA StyleMatteo Dossi, Emanuele Forte, Sergio Andri, Andrea Nardini, Riccardo Vella, Michele Pipan. Percolation monitoring and water content estimation by Ground Penetrating Radar in a controlled environment. Journal of Applied Geophysics. 2021; 190 ():104336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Dossi; Emanuele Forte; Sergio Andri; Andrea Nardini; Riccardo Vella; Michele Pipan. 2021. "Percolation monitoring and water content estimation by Ground Penetrating Radar in a controlled environment." Journal of Applied Geophysics 190, no. : 104336.
Sinkholes linked to cover evaporite karst in urban environments still represent a challenge in terms of clear identification and mapping considering the anthropic rehash and the presence of man-made structures.
We propose and tested a methodology to identify the subsiding features in an urban area within a cover evaporite karst environment, through an integrated and non-invasive multi-scale approach combining seismic reflection, DInSAR, leveling and full 3D GPR.
The analysis was conducted in a small village in the Tagliamento valley (Friuli Venezia Giulia region, NE Italy) named Quinis, where sinkholes are reported since a long time as well as the hazard linked to their presence: within the years, several houses have been demolished and at present many of them are damaged.
First we applied each methodology independently and after we compared, combined and integrated them to obtain more coherent and cross-validates results. Seismic reflection imagined the covered karst bedrock identifying three depocenters; DInSAR investigation allowed to identify an area with higher vertical velocities; leveling data presented a downward displacement comparable with DInSAR results; 3D GPR, applied here for the first time in the study and characterization of sinkholes, clearly defined shallow sinking features imaging also under a shallow dense pipe network. Combining all the obtained results with accurate field observations we identified and map the highest vulnerable zones.
The final result is the combining of the geophysical, DInSAR and leveling information, while also locating the damaged buildings, the local asphalt pavement breaks or renovation and the buildings which are nowadays demolished, by using vintage photographs and historical maps. The data are consistent, being the most relevant present damages and the demolished building within the zones with higher sinking velocity on the base of both leveling and DInSAR. Geophysically imaged depocenters lie within the most critical area and perfectly correlate with the local pavement damages.
In a complex geological and hydrological framework, as in the study area, a multidisciplinary and multi-scale approach is mandatory to identify and map the zone most affected by sinking phenomena. While punctual data such as borehole stratigraphy, local groundwater level variations with time, extensometers measurements and geotechnical parameters are useful to highlight local hazard due to occurring deformation, the proposed integrated methodology addresses a complete and quantitative assessment of the vulnerability of the area. It’s fundamental, especially in anthropized environments, using different integrated techniques, without forgetting the role of the fieldwork of the geologists who can detect the precursors or already occurred, even elusive, signs of the ongoing or incipient sinking.
Alice Busetti; Chiara Calligaris; Emanuele Forte; Giulia Areggi; Arianna Mocnik; Luca Zini. Integrated reflection seismics, 3D-GPR, leveling, DInSAR to detect and characterize high-risk sinkholes in urban cover evaporite karst. A NE Italian case study. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAlice Busetti, Chiara Calligaris, Emanuele Forte, Giulia Areggi, Arianna Mocnik, Luca Zini. Integrated reflection seismics, 3D-GPR, leveling, DInSAR to detect and characterize high-risk sinkholes in urban cover evaporite karst. A NE Italian case study. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlice Busetti; Chiara Calligaris; Emanuele Forte; Giulia Areggi; Arianna Mocnik; Luca Zini. 2021. "Integrated reflection seismics, 3D-GPR, leveling, DInSAR to detect and characterize high-risk sinkholes in urban cover evaporite karst. A NE Italian case study." , no. : 1.
When mines are decommissioned, tailings piles can act as sources of contamination for decades or even centuries. Tailings, which usually contain high concentrations of metals and trace elements, can be reprocessed for a secondary recovery of valuable elements with an innovative approach to a circular economy. This study offers new results for tailings ponds characterisation and chemical content prediction based on an integrated geophysical-geochemical approach. The study of the Raibl Pb-Zn tailings impoundment was done using bulk chemical analysis on borehole samples, Electrical Resistivity Tomography surveys, and Ground Penetrating Radar measurements. We found valuable and statistically significant correlations between the electrical resistivity of the mining impoundments and the metal distribution, thus providing a practical opportunity to characterise large volumes of metal-bearing tailings. In particular, these results can be useful to aid in the development of environmental monitoring programs for remediation purposes or to implement economic secondary recovery plans.
Nicolò Barago; Stefano Covelli; Mara Mauri; Sara Oberti di Valnera; Emanuele Forte. Prediction of Trace Metal Distribution in a Tailings Impoundment Using an Integrated Geophysical and Geochemical Approach (Raibl Mine, Pb-Zn Alpine District, Northern Italy). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1157 .
AMA StyleNicolò Barago, Stefano Covelli, Mara Mauri, Sara Oberti di Valnera, Emanuele Forte. Prediction of Trace Metal Distribution in a Tailings Impoundment Using an Integrated Geophysical and Geochemical Approach (Raibl Mine, Pb-Zn Alpine District, Northern Italy). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (3):1157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicolò Barago; Stefano Covelli; Mara Mauri; Sara Oberti di Valnera; Emanuele Forte. 2021. "Prediction of Trace Metal Distribution in a Tailings Impoundment Using an Integrated Geophysical and Geochemical Approach (Raibl Mine, Pb-Zn Alpine District, Northern Italy)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 1157.
Sinkholes linked to cover evaporite karst in urban environments still represent a challenge in terms of their clear identification and mapping considering the rehash and man-made structures. In the present research, we have proposed and tested a methodology to identify the subsiding features through an integrated and non-invasive multi-scale approach combining seismic reflection, PS-InSAR (PSI), leveling and full 3D Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), and thus overpassing the limits of each method. The analysis was conducted in a small village in the Alta Val Tagliamento Valley (Friuli Venezia Giulia region, NE Italy). Here, sinkholes have been reported for a long time as well as the hazards linked to their presence. Within past years, several houses have been demolished and at present many of them are damaged. The PSI investigation allowed the identification of an area with higher vertical velocities; seismic reflection imagined the covered karst bedrock, identifying three depocenters; leveling data presented a downward displacement comparable with PSI results; 3D GPR, applied here for the first time in the study and characterization of sinkholes, defined shallow sinking features. Combining all the obtained results with accurate field observations, we identified and mapped the highest vulnerable zone.
Alice Busetti; Chiara Calligaris; Emanuele Forte; Giulia Areggi; Arianna Mocnik; Luca Zini. Non-Invasive Methodological Approach to Detect and Characterize High-Risk Sinkholes in Urban Cover Evaporite Karst: Integrated Reflection Seismics, PS-InSAR, Leveling, 3D-GPR and Ancillary Data. A NE Italian Case Study. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3814 .
AMA StyleAlice Busetti, Chiara Calligaris, Emanuele Forte, Giulia Areggi, Arianna Mocnik, Luca Zini. Non-Invasive Methodological Approach to Detect and Characterize High-Risk Sinkholes in Urban Cover Evaporite Karst: Integrated Reflection Seismics, PS-InSAR, Leveling, 3D-GPR and Ancillary Data. A NE Italian Case Study. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (22):3814.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlice Busetti; Chiara Calligaris; Emanuele Forte; Giulia Areggi; Arianna Mocnik; Luca Zini. 2020. "Non-Invasive Methodological Approach to Detect and Characterize High-Risk Sinkholes in Urban Cover Evaporite Karst: Integrated Reflection Seismics, PS-InSAR, Leveling, 3D-GPR and Ancillary Data. A NE Italian Case Study." Remote Sensing 12, no. 22: 3814.
Drought‐induced tree mortality frequently occurs in patches with different spatial and temporal distribution, which is only partly explained by inter‐ and intra‐specific variation in drought tolerance. We investigated whether bedrock properties, with special reference to rock water storage capacity, affects tree water status and drought response in a rock‐dominated landscape. We measured primary porosity and available water content of breccia (B) and dolostone (D) rocks. Saplings of Fraxinus ornus were grown in pots filled with soil or soil mixed with B and D rocks, and subjected to an experimental drought. Finally, we measured seasonal changes in water status of trees in field sites overlying B or D bedrock. B rocks were more porous and stored more available water than D ones. Potted saplings grown with D rocks had less biomass and suffered more severe water stress than those with B rocks. Trees in sites with B bedrock had more favourable water status than those on D bedrock that also suffered drought‐induced canopy dieback. Bedrock represents an important water source for plants under drought. Different bedrock features translate into contrasting belowground water availability, leading to landscape‐level heterogeneity of the impact of drought on tree water status and die‐back.
Andrea Nardini; Francesco Petruzzellis; Daniel Marusig; Martina Tomasella; Sara Natale; Alfredo Altobelli; Chiara Calligaris; Gabriele Floriddia; Franco Cucchi; Emanuele Forte; Luca Zini. Water ‘on the rocks’: a summer drink for thirsty trees? New Phytologist 2020, 229, 199 -212.
AMA StyleAndrea Nardini, Francesco Petruzzellis, Daniel Marusig, Martina Tomasella, Sara Natale, Alfredo Altobelli, Chiara Calligaris, Gabriele Floriddia, Franco Cucchi, Emanuele Forte, Luca Zini. Water ‘on the rocks’: a summer drink for thirsty trees? New Phytologist. 2020; 229 (1):199-212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Nardini; Francesco Petruzzellis; Daniel Marusig; Martina Tomasella; Sara Natale; Alfredo Altobelli; Chiara Calligaris; Gabriele Floriddia; Franco Cucchi; Emanuele Forte; Luca Zini. 2020. "Water ‘on the rocks’: a summer drink for thirsty trees?" New Phytologist 229, no. 1: 199-212.
The Barents Sea Ice Sheet was part of an interconnected complex of ice sheets, collectively referred to as the Eurasian Ice Sheet, which covered north-westernmost Europe, Russia and the Barents Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum (around 21 ky BP). Due to common geological features, the Barents Sea component of this ice complex is seen as a paleo-analogue for the present-day West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Investigating key processes driving the last deglaciation of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet represents an important tool to interpret recent observations in Antarctica over the multi-millennial temporal scale of glaciological changes. We present results from a perturbed physics ensemble of ice sheet model simulations of the last deglaciation of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet, forced with transient atmospheric and oceanic conditions derived from AOGCM simulations. The ensemble of transient simulations is evaluated against the data-based DATED-1 reconstruction to construct minimum, maximum and average deglaciation scenarios. Despite a large model/data mismatch at the western and eastern ice sheet margins, the simulated and DATED-1 deglaciation scenarios agree well on the timing of the deglaciation of the central and northern Barents Sea. We find that the simulated deglaciation of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet is primarily driven by the oceanic forcing, with prescribed eustatic sea level rise amplifying the ice sheet sensitivity to sub-shelf melting over relatively short intervals. Our results highlight that the sub-shelf melting has a very strong control on the simulated grounding-line flux, showing that a slow, gradual ocean warming trend is capable of triggering sustained grounded ice discharge over multi-millennial timescales, even without taking into account marine ice sheet or ice cliff instability.
Michele Petrini; Florence Colleoni; Nina Kirchner; Anna Hughes; Angelo Camerlenghi; Michele Rebesco; Renata G. Lucchi; Emanuele Forte; Renato R. Colucci; Riko Noormets; Jan Mangerud. Simulated last deglaciation of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet primarily driven by oceanic conditions. Quaternary Science Reviews 2020, 238, 106314 .
AMA StyleMichele Petrini, Florence Colleoni, Nina Kirchner, Anna Hughes, Angelo Camerlenghi, Michele Rebesco, Renata G. Lucchi, Emanuele Forte, Renato R. Colucci, Riko Noormets, Jan Mangerud. Simulated last deglaciation of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet primarily driven by oceanic conditions. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2020; 238 ():106314.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Petrini; Florence Colleoni; Nina Kirchner; Anna Hughes; Angelo Camerlenghi; Michele Rebesco; Renata G. Lucchi; Emanuele Forte; Renato R. Colucci; Riko Noormets; Jan Mangerud. 2020. "Simulated last deglaciation of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet primarily driven by oceanic conditions." Quaternary Science Reviews 238, no. : 106314.
In seismotectonic studies, seismic reflection data are a powerful tool to unravel the complex deep architecture of active faults. Such tectonic structures are usually mapped at the surface through traditional geological surveying, whilst seismic reflection data may help to trace their continuation from the near surface down to hypocentral depths. On seismic reflection data, seismic attributes are commonly used by the oil and gas industry to aid exploration. In this study, we propose using seismic attributes in seismotectonic research for the first time. The study area is a geologically complex region of central Italy, struck during 2016–2017 by a long-lasting seismic sequence, including a Mw 6.5 main shock. Three vintage seismic reflection profiles are currently the only ones available at the regional scale across the epicentral zone. These represent a singular opportunity to attempt a seismic attribute analysis by running attributes like the “energy” and the “pseudo-relief”. Our results are critical, as they provide information on the relatively deep structural setting, mapping a prominent, high-amplitude regional reflector interpreted as the top of basement, which is an important rheological boundary. Complex patterns of high-angle discontinuities crossing the reflectors have also been identified by seismic attributes. These steeply dipping fabrics are interpreted as the expression of fault zones belonging to the active normal fault systems responsible for the seismicity of the region. Such peculiar seismic signatures of faulting are consistent with the principal geological and tectonic structures exposed at surface. In addition, we also provide convincing evidence of an important primary tectonic structure currently debated in the literature (the Norcia antithetic fault) as well as several buried secondary fault splays. This work demonstrates that seismic attribute analysis, even if used on low-quality vintage 2D data, may contribute to improving the subsurface geological interpretation in areas characterized by limited and/or low-quality subsurface data but with potentially high seismic hazard.
Maurizio Ercoli; Emanuele Forte; Massimiliano Porreca; Ramon Carbonell; Cristina Pauselli; Giorgio Minelli; Massimiliano R. Barchi. Using seismic attributes in seismotectonic research: an application to the Norcia Mw = 6.5 earthquake (30 October 2016) in central Italy. Solid Earth 2020, 11, 329 -348.
AMA StyleMaurizio Ercoli, Emanuele Forte, Massimiliano Porreca, Ramon Carbonell, Cristina Pauselli, Giorgio Minelli, Massimiliano R. Barchi. Using seismic attributes in seismotectonic research: an application to the Norcia Mw = 6.5 earthquake (30 October 2016) in central Italy. Solid Earth. 2020; 11 (2):329-348.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaurizio Ercoli; Emanuele Forte; Massimiliano Porreca; Ramon Carbonell; Cristina Pauselli; Giorgio Minelli; Massimiliano R. Barchi. 2020. "Using seismic attributes in seismotectonic research: an application to the Norcia Mw = 6.5 earthquake (30 October 2016) in central Italy." Solid Earth 11, no. 2: 329-348.
In seismotectonic studies, seismic reflection data are a powerful tool to unravel the complex deep architecture of active faults. Such tectonic structures are usually mapped at surface through traditional geological surveying whilst seismic reflection data may help to trace their continuation from the near-surface down to hypocentral depth. In this study, we propose the application of the seismic attributes technique, commonly used in seismic reflection exploration by oil industry, to seismotectonic research for the first time. The study area is a geologically complex region of Central Italy, recently struck by a long-lasting seismic sequence including a Mw 6.5 main-shock. A seismic reflection data-set consisting of three vintage seismic profiles, currently the only available across the epicentral zone, constitutes a singular opportunity to attempt a seismic attribute analysis. This analysis resulted in peculiar seismic signatures which generally correlate with the exposed surface geologic features, and also confirming the presence of other debated structures. These results are critical, because provide information also on the relatively deep structural setting, mapping a prominent, high amplitude regional reflector that marks the top basement, interpreted as important rheological boundary. Complex patterns of high-angle discontinuities crossing the reflectors have been also identified. These dipping fabrics are interpreted as the expression of fault zones, belonging to the active normal fault systems responsible for the seismicity of the region. This work demonstrates that seismic attribute analysis, even if used on low-quality vintage 2D data, may contribute to improve the subsurface geological interpretation of areas characterized by high seismic potential.
Maurizio Ercoli; Emanuele Forte; Massimiliano Porreca; Ramon Carbonell; Cristina Pauselli; Giorgio Minelli; Massimiliano R. Barchi. Using Seismic Attributes in seismotectonic research: an application to the Norcia's Mw = 6.5 earthquake (30th October 2016) in Central Italy. 2019, 1 -28.
AMA StyleMaurizio Ercoli, Emanuele Forte, Massimiliano Porreca, Ramon Carbonell, Cristina Pauselli, Giorgio Minelli, Massimiliano R. Barchi. Using Seismic Attributes in seismotectonic research: an application to the Norcia's Mw = 6.5 earthquake (30th October 2016) in Central Italy. . 2019; ():1-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaurizio Ercoli; Emanuele Forte; Massimiliano Porreca; Ramon Carbonell; Cristina Pauselli; Giorgio Minelli; Massimiliano R. Barchi. 2019. "Using Seismic Attributes in seismotectonic research: an application to the Norcia's Mw = 6.5 earthquake (30th October 2016) in Central Italy." , no. : 1-28.
Maurizio Ercoli; Emanuele Forte; Massimiliano Porreca; Ramon Carbonell; Cristina Pauselli; Giorgio Minelli; Massimiliano R. Barchi. Supplementary material to "Using Seismic Attributes in seismotectonic research: an application to the Norcia's Mw = 6.5 earthquake (30th October 2016) in Central Italy". 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleMaurizio Ercoli, Emanuele Forte, Massimiliano Porreca, Ramon Carbonell, Cristina Pauselli, Giorgio Minelli, Massimiliano R. Barchi. Supplementary material to "Using Seismic Attributes in seismotectonic research: an application to the Norcia's Mw = 6.5 earthquake (30th October 2016) in Central Italy". . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaurizio Ercoli; Emanuele Forte; Massimiliano Porreca; Ramon Carbonell; Cristina Pauselli; Giorgio Minelli; Massimiliano R. Barchi. 2019. "Supplementary material to "Using Seismic Attributes in seismotectonic research: an application to the Norcia's Mw = 6.5 earthquake (30th October 2016) in Central Italy"." , no. : 1.
Low-frequency components of reflection seismic data are of paramount importance for acoustic impedance (AI) inversion, but they typically suffer from a poor signal-to-noise ratio. The estimation of the low frequencies of AI can benefit from the combination of a harmonic reconstruction method (based on autoregressive [AR] models) and a seismic-derived interval velocity field. We have developed the construction of a convex cost function that accounts for the velocity field, together with geologic a priori information on AI and its uncertainty, during the AR reconstruction of the low frequencies. The minimization of this function allows one to reconstruct sensible estimates of low-frequency components of the subsurface reflectivity, which lead to an estimation of AI model via a recursive formulation. In particular, the method is suited for an initial and computationally inexpensive assessment of the absolute value of AI even when no well-log data are available. We first tested the method on layered synthetic models, then we analyzed its applicability and limitations on a real marine seismic data set that included tomographic velocity information. Despite a strong trace-to-trace variability in the results, which could partially be mitigated by multitrace inversion, the method demonstrates its capability to highlight lateral variations of AI that cannot be detected when the low frequencies only come from well-log information.
Luca Bianchin; Emanuele Forte; Michele Pipan. Acoustic impedance estimation from combined harmonic reconstruction and interval velocity. GEOPHYSICS 2019, 84, R385 -R400.
AMA StyleLuca Bianchin, Emanuele Forte, Michele Pipan. Acoustic impedance estimation from combined harmonic reconstruction and interval velocity. GEOPHYSICS. 2019; 84 (3):R385-R400.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Bianchin; Emanuele Forte; Michele Pipan. 2019. "Acoustic impedance estimation from combined harmonic reconstruction and interval velocity." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 3: R385-R400.
We critically discuss both advantages and limitations of helicopter-borne GPR surveys in rugged mountainous areas by analyzing a pseudo 3D data set acquired over the Marmolada Glacier, which constitutes the largest ice body in the Dolomites (Eastern Alps) and contains several peculiar features both in terms of the internal structures and the surrounding topography. In this paper we analyze several possible issues that can be encountered when performing airborne surveys in mountain regions, related to both the local conditions in the particular survey areas, and the general performance of the data acquisition equipment, which includes the GPR device, the GPS system, and the helicopter itself. Based on our analyses and observations, we propose a few guidelines and optimization strategies in order to address several issues, including the choice of various data acquisition parameters, interpretation problems related to curvilinear or irregular flight paths, and trace positioning errors caused by GPS malfunctioning or oscillating antennas. Such results have general validity and can be used for helicopter-borne survey planning, as well as for data analysis and interpretation.
E. Forte; M. Basso Bondini; A. Bortoletto; M. Dossi; R. R. Colucci. Pros and Cons in Helicopter-Borne GPR Data Acquisition on Rugged Mountainous Areas: Critical Analysis and Practical Guidelines. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2019, 176, 4533 -4554.
AMA StyleE. Forte, M. Basso Bondini, A. Bortoletto, M. Dossi, R. R. Colucci. Pros and Cons in Helicopter-Borne GPR Data Acquisition on Rugged Mountainous Areas: Critical Analysis and Practical Guidelines. Pure and Applied Geophysics. 2019; 176 (10):4533-4554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Forte; M. Basso Bondini; A. Bortoletto; M. Dossi; R. R. Colucci. 2019. "Pros and Cons in Helicopter-Borne GPR Data Acquisition on Rugged Mountainous Areas: Critical Analysis and Practical Guidelines." Pure and Applied Geophysics 176, no. 10: 4533-4554.
The distribution of rock glaciers is often used to investigate the occurrence of permafrost in mountain areas and to understand their climate and paleoclimate evolution. This requires the creation of regional and global inventories capable of discriminating active and relict landforms in order to forecast the presence or absence of ice in the ground. In this paper, geomorphological, geophysical and microclimatic surveys are performed on a rock glacier of the Carnic Alps (Eastern European Alps). In the classification currently used for implementing regional inventories of permafrost evidence in the Alps, this rock glacier would be defined as relict. However the geophysical, climatological and geomorphological results indicate that internal ice is widespread in large portions of the rock glacier. These are generally interpreted as ice in pore spaces and local ice lenses, probably without layers of massive ice. Moreover the occurrence of ice during the maximum thawing season at depths <15 m, assumed here as the depth of zero annual amplitude, suggests that the ice occurring within the rock glacier is related to current cryotic conditions due to density driven air flow (i.e. the chimney effect). This research demonstrates that the current altitudinal limit of alpine permafrost can be locally several hundreds of meters lower than forecasted by empirical modeling based only on the rock glacier distribution and classification. Therefore, rock glacier classifications based only on remote sensing and geomorphological evidence as the main sources for extracting regional climate and paleoclimate signals should be treated with caution.
Renato R. Colucci; Emanuele Forte; Manja Žebre; Eleonora Maset; Carlotta Zanettini; Mauro Guglielmin. Is that a relict rock glacier? Geomorphology 2019, 330, 177 -189.
AMA StyleRenato R. Colucci, Emanuele Forte, Manja Žebre, Eleonora Maset, Carlotta Zanettini, Mauro Guglielmin. Is that a relict rock glacier? Geomorphology. 2019; 330 ():177-189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenato R. Colucci; Emanuele Forte; Manja Žebre; Eleonora Maset; Carlotta Zanettini; Mauro Guglielmin. 2019. "Is that a relict rock glacier?" Geomorphology 330, no. : 177-189.
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Michele Petrini; Florence Colleoni; Nina Kirchner; Anna L. C. Hughes; Angelo Camerlenghi; Michele Rebesco; Renata G. Lucchi; Emanuele Forte; Renato R. Colucci; Riko Noormets. Author Correction: Interplay of grounding-line dynamics and sub-shelf melting during retreat of the Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 12819 .
AMA StyleMichele Petrini, Florence Colleoni, Nina Kirchner, Anna L. C. Hughes, Angelo Camerlenghi, Michele Rebesco, Renata G. Lucchi, Emanuele Forte, Renato R. Colucci, Riko Noormets. Author Correction: Interplay of grounding-line dynamics and sub-shelf melting during retreat of the Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):12819.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Petrini; Florence Colleoni; Nina Kirchner; Anna L. C. Hughes; Angelo Camerlenghi; Michele Rebesco; Renata G. Lucchi; Emanuele Forte; Renato R. Colucci; Riko Noormets. 2018. "Author Correction: Interplay of grounding-line dynamics and sub-shelf melting during retreat of the Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 12819.
We apply an automated picking and inversion algorithm to a 3-D GPR data set acquired on an alpine glacieret, to study its internal stratigraphy, density distribution, total volume, and water content. GPR surveys are particularly useful for glaciological studies, since the transmitted signal can propagate efficiently through the entire glacier volume, while the large number of recorded traces makes any quantitative analysis statistically sound. The applied auto-picking algorithm is designed to accurately and objectively identify the main reflections within a GPR data set, and to characterize them in terms of their peak amplitudes, travel times, and polarities. The inversion algorithm then uses these quantities to recover the subsurface stratigraphy and EM velocity distribution along each GPR profile. In air-ice mixtures, the EM velocity is linked to the density through well-known empirical formulas. Therefore, our inversion algorithm is able to recover the density distribution within a glacier, and combine it with the internal stratigraphy to estimate its water content. By applying this procedure to a 3-D GPR data set, we can obtain an accurate model of an entire glacier, while 4-D surveys can be used to monitor its temporal changes and estimate its annual and seasonal mass balances.
M. Dossi; E. Forte; Michele Pipan; R.R. Colucci. Quantitative 3-D GPR analysis to estimate the total volume and water content of a glacier. 2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) 2018, 1 -6.
AMA StyleM. Dossi, E. Forte, Michele Pipan, R.R. Colucci. Quantitative 3-D GPR analysis to estimate the total volume and water content of a glacier. 2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). 2018; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Dossi; E. Forte; Michele Pipan; R.R. Colucci. 2018. "Quantitative 3-D GPR analysis to estimate the total volume and water content of a glacier." 2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) , no. : 1-6.
We study sampling-related amplitude distortions within aliasing-free GPR data sets, and compare them with other factors which can affect the recorded signal. In particular, we analyze how much the sampled peak amplitudes can change with different sampling rates., and recommend a minimum threshold for the sampling rate in order to contain the maximum peak amplitude error within acceptable limits. The selection of the sampling rate during data acquisition is commonly based on the Nyquist-Shannon theorem., which offers practical lower limits in order to avoid aliasing effects and to accurately preserve the spectral content of the original analog signal. However., we show that the Nyquist-Shannon theorem does not prevent possible amplitude distortions., and that significant and unrecoverable data loss can occur even in aliasing-free data sets. We also show that interpolation and re-sampling offer only limited solutions., since the accuracy of the reconstructed signal depends on the implemented interpolation method., while its subsequent resampling simply reintroduces the initial problem. Based on our analysis., we recommend using during data acquisition a sampling rate equal to at least 12 times the signal central frequency., which is higher than the commonly adopted standards., in order to limit the maximum peak amplitude error within 5%.
M. Dossi; E. Forte; Michele Pipan. Minimum threshold for the sampling rate to prevent amplitude distortions in aliasing-free GPR surveys. 2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) 2018, 1 -6.
AMA StyleM. Dossi, E. Forte, Michele Pipan. Minimum threshold for the sampling rate to prevent amplitude distortions in aliasing-free GPR surveys. 2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). 2018; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Dossi; E. Forte; Michele Pipan. 2018. "Minimum threshold for the sampling rate to prevent amplitude distortions in aliasing-free GPR surveys." 2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) , no. : 1-6.
The Barents Sea Ice Sheet was a marine-based ice sheet, i.e., it rested on the Barents Sea floor during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 ky BP). The Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream was the largest ice stream draining the Barents Sea Ice Sheet and is regarded as an analogue for contemporary ice streams in West Antarctica. Here, the retreat of the Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream is simulated by means of two numerical ice sheet models and results assessed against geological data. We investigate the sensitivity of the ice stream to changes in ocean temperature and the impact of grounding-line physics on ice stream retreat. Our results suggest that the role played by sub-shelf melting depends on how the grounding-line physics is represented in the models. When an analytic constraint on the ice flux across the grounding line is applied, the retreat of Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream is primarily driven by internal ice dynamics rather than by oceanic forcing. This suggests that implementations of grounding-line physics need to be carefully assessed when evaluating and predicting the response of contemporary marine-based ice sheets and individual ice streams to ongoing and future ocean warming.
Michele Petrini; Florence Colleoni; Nina Kirchner; Anna L. C. Hughes; Angelo Camerlenghi; Michele Rebesco; Renata G. Lucchi; Emanuele Forte; Renato R. Colucci; Riko Noormets. Interplay of grounding-line dynamics and sub-shelf melting during retreat of the Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 7196 .
AMA StyleMichele Petrini, Florence Colleoni, Nina Kirchner, Anna L. C. Hughes, Angelo Camerlenghi, Michele Rebesco, Renata G. Lucchi, Emanuele Forte, Renato R. Colucci, Riko Noormets. Interplay of grounding-line dynamics and sub-shelf melting during retreat of the Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):7196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Petrini; Florence Colleoni; Nina Kirchner; Anna L. C. Hughes; Angelo Camerlenghi; Michele Rebesco; Renata G. Lucchi; Emanuele Forte; Renato R. Colucci; Riko Noormets. 2018. "Interplay of grounding-line dynamics and sub-shelf melting during retreat of the Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 7196.
Sinkholes are a well-known geologic hazard but their past occurrence, useful for subsidence risk prediction, is difficult to define, especially for ancient historic times. Consequently, our knowledge about Holocene carbonate landscapes is often limited. A multidisciplinary study of Trieste Karst (Italy), close to early Roman military fortifications, led to the identification of possible ancient road tracks, cut by at least one sinkhole. Electrical Resistivity Tomography through the sinkhole has suggested the presence of a cave below its bottom, possibly responsible of the sinkhole formation, while Ground Penetrating Radar has detected no tectonic disturbances underneath the tracks. Additionally, archaeological surveys led to the discovery of over 200 Roman shoe hobnails within or close to the investigated route. According to these data, the tracks are interpreted as the remains of a main Roman road, whose itinerary has been reconstructed for more than 4 km together with other elements of ancient landscape. Our results provide the first known evidence of a Roman main road swallowed by sinkholes and suggest that Holocene karst landscapes could be much different from what previously believed. In fact, sinkholes visible nowadays in the investigated region could have been flat areas filled by sediments up to the Roman time.
Federico Bernardini; Giacomo Vinci; Emanuele Forte; Stefano Furlani; Michele Pipan; Sara Biolchi; Angelo De Min; Andrea Fragiacomo; Roberto Micheli; Paola Ventura; Claudio Tuniz. Discovery of ancient Roman "highway" reveals geomorphic changes in karst environments during historic times. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0194939 .
AMA StyleFederico Bernardini, Giacomo Vinci, Emanuele Forte, Stefano Furlani, Michele Pipan, Sara Biolchi, Angelo De Min, Andrea Fragiacomo, Roberto Micheli, Paola Ventura, Claudio Tuniz. Discovery of ancient Roman "highway" reveals geomorphic changes in karst environments during historic times. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (3):e0194939.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Bernardini; Giacomo Vinci; Emanuele Forte; Stefano Furlani; Michele Pipan; Sara Biolchi; Angelo De Min; Andrea Fragiacomo; Roberto Micheli; Paola Ventura; Claudio Tuniz. 2018. "Discovery of ancient Roman "highway" reveals geomorphic changes in karst environments during historic times." PLOS ONE 13, no. 3: e0194939.
Erika Kozamernik; Renato R. Colucci; Uroš Stepišnik; Emanuele Forte; Manja Žebre. Spatial and climatic characterization of three glacial stages in the Upper Krnica Valley, SE European Alps. Quaternary International 2018, 470, 67 -81.
AMA StyleErika Kozamernik, Renato R. Colucci, Uroš Stepišnik, Emanuele Forte, Manja Žebre. Spatial and climatic characterization of three glacial stages in the Upper Krnica Valley, SE European Alps. Quaternary International. 2018; 470 ():67-81.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErika Kozamernik; Renato R. Colucci; Uroš Stepišnik; Emanuele Forte; Manja Žebre. 2018. "Spatial and climatic characterization of three glacial stages in the Upper Krnica Valley, SE European Alps." Quaternary International 470, no. : 67-81.
In extensively glaciarized permafrost areas such as Northern Victoria Land, rock glaciers are quite common and are considered postglacial cryotic landforms. This paper reveals that two rock glaciers in Northern Victoria Land (at Adélie Cove and Strandline) that are located close to the Italian Antarctic Station (Mario Zucchelli Station) should have the same origin, although they were previously mapped as Holocene periglacial landforms and subsequently considered ice-cored and ice-cemented rock glaciers, respectively. In fact, by integrating different geophysical investigations and borehole stratigraphy, we show that both landforms have similar internal structures and cores of buried glacier ice. Therefore, this kind of rock glacier is possibly related to the long-term creep of buried ice rather than o permafrost creep alone. This interpretation can be extended to the larger part of the features mapped as rock glacier in Antarctica. In addition, a high-reflective horizon sub-parallel to the topographic surface was detected in Ground Probing Radar (GPR) data over a large part of the study area. Combining all the available information, we conclude that it cannot be straightforwardly interpreted as the base of the active layer but rather represents the top of a cryo-lithological unit characterized by ice lenses within sediments that could be interpreted as the transition zone between the active layer and the long-term permafrost table. More generally, knowledge of the subsurface ice content and, in particular, the occurrence of massive ice and its depth is crucial to make realistic and affordable forecasts regarding thermokarst development and related feedbacks involving GHG emissions, especially in the case of cryosoils rich in carbon content.
Mauro Guglielmin; Stefano Ponti; Emanuele Forte. The origins of Antarctic rock glaciers: periglacial or glacial features? Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2018, 43, 1390 -1402.
AMA StyleMauro Guglielmin, Stefano Ponti, Emanuele Forte. The origins of Antarctic rock glaciers: periglacial or glacial features? Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 2018; 43 (7):1390-1402.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMauro Guglielmin; Stefano Ponti; Emanuele Forte. 2018. "The origins of Antarctic rock glaciers: periglacial or glacial features?" Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 43, no. 7: 1390-1402.