ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI IMPOR BERAS INDONESIA

Purpose. This research aims to analyze the level of economic efficiency of cassava farming and the determinants that affect the efficiency level in the Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia. Methodology / approach. The research location was determined using the stratified random sampling method, and three sub-districts were selected in Wonogiri Regency, namely Ngadirojo, Jatiroto, and Puhpelem. Furthermore, this research used a random sampling method with respondents of 74 monoculture cassava farmers. The analysis method was the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to analyze the economic efficiency of cassava farming and Tobit regression to analyze the determinants that affected it. Furthermore, primary data was obtained from respondents through interviews, and secondary data as a complement was obtained from relevant agencies. Results. This research showed that the level of economic efficiency (EE) of cassava farming in the Wonogiri Regency was 68.3 %. From the results of economic efficiency, there was an opportunity to improve efficiency by reducing input inefficiency by 13.1 % and minimizing input costs by 21.1 %. The determinants of factors that affected cassava farming were considered from the socio-economic factors, namely experience, educational level, and participation of farmers in farmer groups. Originality / scientific novelty. Studies on the effectiveness of cassava have never been conducted in Central Java, even though Central Java is one of the three centers of cassava production in Indonesia. The efficiency of farming cassava in this research was not only considered from the technical side but also from the allocative and economic side, as well as the socio-economic character of the farmer’s environment. This research analyzed the efficiency of cassava farming with a nonparametric approach, namely Data Envelopment Analysis. Usually, efficiency research is approached with parametric analysis, namely production function analysis with Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). Practical value / implications. It is recommended to use optimal inputs, especially seeds and fertilizers, which can be applied in cassava farming to reduce inefficiency. The need for fertilizer is related to the land’s condition, where the land in Wonogiri Regency has a steep slope, making it prone to erosion and sedimentation. Then, it affects the decline of the soil layer and the need for fertilizer. The role of the government is required because it is necessary to facilitate access to farmers and provide information about input use.

Pesisir Kabupaten Pati sebagian besar digunakan sebagai budidaya bandeng. Terdapat faktor-faktor penghambat proses pembudidayaan hingga penjualan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biaya, pendapatan, risiko (produksi, harga dan pendapatan) dan penanggulangannya, serta distribusi luas tambak dan pendapatan. Proporsi sampel ditentukan melalui proportional sampling. Metode analisis data berupa Analisis usahatani; Analisis risiko; Analisis deskriptif analitis; serta Indeks Gini dan Kurva Lorenz. Hasil penelitian per luas rata-rata menunjukkan risiko produksi dan risiko pendapatan yang tinggi. Risiko produksi dan pendapatan per ha dan risiko harga tergolong rendah. Nilai batas bawah pendapatan per luasan rata-rata adalah negatif sedangkan per ha bernilai positif. Upaya penanggulangan risiko dilakukan melalui tindakan pencegahan. Nilai IG distribusi luas tambak dan distribusi pendapatan usahanya berada dalam tingkat ketimpangan sedang. Distribusi pendapatan diluar budidaya bandeng bernilai tinggi, karena sumber pendapatannya berbeda. Tingkat kelengkungan kurva Lorenz menunjukkan kecenderungan yang sama dengan nilai distribusinya.

The increasing of global rubber consumption is an opportunity as well as a challenge for Indonesian rubber produsers to increase the quantity and the quality of production. Faced the competition between countries, the quality of rubber products should be enhanced adapted to consumer demand. This study aims to determine whether the quality of the rubber produced in PTPN IX (Persero) Garden Batujamus/Kerjoarum still within the control or not. This study uses time series data, in the form of rubber production data during March 2012 - February 201, that were analyzed descriptively using Control p Chart Analysis. Control p Chart describe the proportion of production damage that can be tolerated as a tool for statistical Control p Chart Application as Quality Control Tools for Rubber Production in PTPN IX Batujamus/Kerjoarum process control. This study shows that the quality of the rubber produced by PTPN IX (Persero) Garden Batujamus/ Kerjoarum is out of the control. The Control p Chart proves that there are still many points that are outside the production control line. The production domination of the third RSS type (RSS 3) cause this problem, so that the profit and the efficiency of the company can be increased if the RSS 3 product can be controlled and be changed with the production of RSS 1.

Purpose. This study analyzed multidimensional poverty in cassava farm households in Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia. Methodology / approach. The main method was a descriptive quantitative approach. Moreover, a purposive method was used in determining the study area, considering that Wonogiri Regency is the largest cassava production area in Central Java Province. The number of research samples was 100 cassava farm households. The data analysis method used the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). Results. The headcount ratio (H) based on an analysis of 0.190 meant that 19 % of cassava farm households had poor multidimensional status, and another 81 % were not poor. Furthermore, the intensity of poverty (A) was 0.333, meaning the average deprivation of poor farmers was 0.333. In addition, the Multidimensional Poverty Index of cassava farm households was 0.063. Although the average weight of deprivation indicators of immunization, child mortality, school participation, sanitation, drinking water, and electricity was 0, it must be maintained to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Originality / scientific novelty. Poverty analysis with the Multidimensional Poverty Index approach has never been carried out on cassava farm households in the study area. Previously, data analysis was conducted in the study area included the potential of cassava in the context of food security, cassava-based agro-industrial development strategies, value-added analysis of cassava-based agro-industry, cost structure analysis and feasibility of cassava farming, risk analysis and distribution of cassava farming income as a result of climate change, income distribution with the Gini Index and Lorentz Curve. Therefore, this study fills the gaps in the literature. Practical value / implications. There is a need to improve the education of farmers’ children and future generations of farmers, and to increase the knowledge and understanding of farmers through advisory work in agriculture. The change of cooking fuel from wood and shrubs to liquefied petroleum gas needs should be implemented to improve the living standard of cassava farm households. The floor and roof components of houses need to be refined to improve the living standards of cassava households and increase access to the Internet as a means of information and communication. Improvements in education, health and living standards as multifaceted components must be carried out to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially in relation to poverty.

The geographical condition of Wonogiri Regency is agro climatically suitable for the cultivation of cassava. The management of cassava cultivation certainly has risks that can occur from natural factors, such as climate, weather, floods, as well as pests and diseases, during the cultivation process, price risks, etc., and ultimately will have an impact on farmers’ income. Cassava risk analysis due to climate change is an interesting topic to research because it can cause huge losses that affect farmers’ incomes and income inequality of cassava farmers. The study aims to (1) identifies the impact of climate change on cassava farming, (2) analyze the income of cassava farmers as a result of climate change, (2) analyze the risks of cassava farming from the impacts of climate change. The research method used is a survey with purposive sampling in the determination of sub-districts and villages, selected Ngadirojo Subdistrict, cassava farmers took 60 farmers in simple random sampling. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, frequency analysis, revenue analysis, and risk analysis. The results showed that there was a 12.43% change in income due to climate change as measured by the delay in the growing season and product quality. There is a change in quality and quantity in three types of cassava market in Wonogiri Regency, namely (1) wet cassava market, (2) dry cassava market (gaplek), (3) industrial market that goes directly into the factory. Risk analysis obtained coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.503 which means that the average income risk faced by farmers is classified as risky in the low category (CV>0.5), with the lower limit value (La) showing Rp. 28,121.82 which means that in running a cassava cultivation business, farmers must dare to bear the risk of income of Rp. 28,121.82 (12.47%) in one period of cultivation.