Recycling plastic waste into triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) presents a sustainable approach to energy harvesting, self‐powered sensing, and environmental remediation. This study investigates the recycling of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe waste polymers into nanofibers (NFs) optimized for TENG applications. We focused on optimizing the morphology of recycled PVC polymer to NFs and enhancing their piezoelectric properties by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The optimized PVC/0.5 wt% ZnO NFs were tested with Nylon‐6 NFs, and copper (Cu) electrodes. The Nylon‐6 NFs exhibited a power density of 726.3 μW cm⁻²—1.13 times higher than Cu and maintained 90% stability after 172 800 cycles, successfully powering various colored LEDs. Additionally, a 3D‐designed device was developed to harvest energy from biomechanical movements such as finger tapping, hand tapping, and foot pressing, making it suitable for wearable energy harvesting, automatic switches, and invisible sensors in surveillance systems. This study demonstrates that recycling polymers for TENG devices can effectively address energy, sensor, and environmental challenges.

Bacterial biofilms are a persistent challenge in industrial settings such as water treatment and food processing, contributing to antimicrobial resistance, operational inefficiencies, and environmental burden. Here, we report on the synthesis and multiscale evaluation of hydrogen molybdenum bronze nanosheets (HMB‐NSHs) and their silver‐decorated nanotube derivatives (Ag–decorated HMB‐NTs), produced via an arc discharge method. High‐resolution structural analyses revealed crystalline, ultrathin HMB sheets and tubular architectures adorned with uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (∼3–5 nm). While HMB‐NSHs were biologically inert, Ag–decorated HMB‐NTs demonstrated potent antibacterial effects against Bacillus subtilis , inhibiting planktonic growth (75.7%), biofilm formation (77.7%), and biofilm eradication (64.3%) at 25 μg/mL. Complementary SEM and fluorescence microscopy visualizations revealed pronounced morphological membrane damage such as wrinkling, roughening, and biofilm reduction signatures absent in control and HMB‐treated samples, facilitating metal ion deposition and localized oxidative stress. At the molecular level, multiscale computational modeling, including molecular docking, DFT, QTAIM, RDG, and IGM analyses, provided atomic‐resolution insights into dual‐site antibacterial action. The Ag and HMB moieties interact favorably with both the cell‐wall penicillin‐binding protein (PDB ID: 4WO7) and intracellular division regulator FtsZ (PDB ID: 2VAM), forming energetically stable complexes. QTAIM metrics confirmed extensive van der Waals and hydrogen bonding networks with 4WO7, whereas RDG and IGM surfaces visualized dense noncovalent contact regions. Ag–FtsZ interactions, though weaker, suggest possible disruption of cell cycle machinery upon internalization. These findings establish Ag‐decorated HMB‐NTs as a dual‐function nanomaterial: HMB scaffolds promote surface adhesion and stability, whereas Ag enables membrane destabilization and intracellular disruption. Together, these processes highlight membrane damage and protein interference as the primary antibacterial mechanisms, underscoring their potential as a next‐generation antibacterial platform, particularly against biofilm‐forming and industrially relevant bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis .

Expanding the library of polarity‐engineered polymers is essential for enhancing performance and designing the flexibility of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Herein, we report a polyimide (PI) film derived from an imidazolium‐mediated cross‐linked 6FDA‐durene polymer, with bromine anions as counterions, enabling surface polarity modulation and improved charge transfer. XPS and FT‐IR analyses confirm the formation of imidazolium‐mediated crosslinks in the 6FDA‐durene polyimide, verifying the successful incorporation of ionic liquid groups into the polymer structure. Density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that imidazolium crosslinking shifts the HOMO upward by 1 eV, lowering the electron‐transfer barrier and switching the triboelectric polarity from negative to positive. The fabricated TENG achieves a power density of 85.67 mW/m ² at 3 N and 3 Hz, lighting 81 LEDs and powering a calculator. The crosslinked material maintains stable performance over 64 800 cycles at 50°C, demonstrating thermal robustness. This polarity‐tunable, thermally stable polymer is a promising candidate for transparent TENGs in displays, windows, pavements, and hybrid energy systems.

Plastic pollution from packaging waste is driving the development of biodegradable composites for sustainable packaging. In this work, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PBAT/PHBH) blends (50/50 wt.%) were reinforced with agro-industrial waste fillers—spent coffee grounds (SCG), brewer’s spent grain (BSG), and cellulose powder (CP)—at 1–15 wt.% loading. The effects of these fillers on tensile properties, impact strength, and thermal stability were examined and supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The neat PBAT/PHBH blend exhibited balanced stiffness and ductility. Low BSG loadings (≤5 wt.%) produced the greatest toughening, with impact strength increasing by ~92% and elongation at break significantly improving over the neat blend. SEM analysis indicated crack deflection and particle pull-out as dominant energy-dissipation mechanisms at low BSG loading. At higher BSG loading (15 wt.%), particle clustering and larger voids acted as stress concentrators, reducing impact performance. SCG improved ductility at low loading (1 wt.%), whereas increasing SCG content led to progressive reductions in tensile strength and elongation due to increased debonding and microvoid formation. In contrast, CP exhibited minimal reinforcement efficiency within the investigated range (1–5 wt.%). Overall, filler addition generally reduced tensile strength and, in several cases, tensile modulus, reflecting limited interfacial compatibility between the hydrophilic lignocellulosic fillers and the hydrophobic polyester matrix. TGA indicated a modest improvement in thermal stability at higher BSG loadings, reflected by shifts in T_5% and T_max1 (PHBH) toward higher temperatures. Overall, this study demonstrates that upcycled coffee and beer waste fillers can impart specific toughness benefits to biodegradable PBAT/PHBH blends, but interfacial incompatibility currently limits their reinforcement efficiency. The findings highlight the potential and challenges of these biocomposites for sustainable packaging applications and suggest that interface engineering (e.g., compatibilizers) will be key to unlocking optimal performance.