This study investigates the impact of surface modifications on additively manufactured CoCr and Ti6Al4V dental alloys, focusing on surface properties. Thin film carbon (C) and gold (Au) coatings, as well as alkali‐heat treatment, were applied to the high‐ and low‐polished specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that thin film coatings retained the underlying surface topography, while the alkali‐heat treatment induced distinct morphological changes. Energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis revealed that C‐coating enriched surfaces with C, and Au‐coating introduced detectable amounts of Au. Nevertheless, signs of coating delamination were observed in the high‐polished specimens. Alkali‐heat treatment led to the formation of a sodium titanate layer on Ti6Al4V surfaces, confirmed by sodium presence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showing carbonate bands. Surface roughness measurements with atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that C‐coating increased surface roughness in both high‐ and low‐polished alloys. Au‐coating slightly increased roughness, except for low‐polished Au‐coated Ti6Al4V, where a decrease in roughness was observed compared to low‐polished bare Ti6Al4V, likely due to surface defects present in the latter resulting from the additive manufacturing process. Alkali‐heat treatment led to a pronounced increase in roughness for both alloys, particularly for Ti6Al4V. Both thin film coatings decreased the water contact angles in all specimens in varying magnitudes, indicating an increase in wettability. However, the alkali‐heat treatment caused a substantial decrease in contact angles, resulting in a highly hydrophilic state for Ti6Al4V. These findings underscore the substantial impact of surface modifications on additively manufactured dental alloys, potentially influencing their clinical performance.Research Highlights: Thin film coatings and chemical/heat treatment modify the surface properties of additively manufactured dental alloys. The surfaces of the alloys get rougher and more hydrophilic after alkali‐heat treatment. Thin gold coatings exhibit potential adhesion challenges.

Purpose: To evaluate the color changes and surface roughness of two different gingiva‐colored prosthetic materials after exposure to conventional and electronic cigarettes. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 disk shaped gingiva‐colored porcelain (GC Initial MC Gum, GC Europe NV, Leuven, Belgium) and indirect composite resin (Gradia Plus Gum Shades Heavy Body, GC Europe NV, Leuven, Belgium) specimens, each measuring 2 × 10 mm, were prepared. The porcelain and indirect composite resin samples were divided into two subgroups ( n = 30). The initial color and roughness values of the samples were measured. A special setup was created to simulate cigarette smoking, where the samples were placed inside and exposed to two different types of cigarette smoke. After exposure, the final color and roughness values of the samples were measured again. Results: After conventional cigarette exposure, porcelain specimens showed color changes of ΔE*ab = 7.404, ΔE00 = 7.502, and indirect composite resin specimens ΔE* _ab = 9.708, ΔE ₀₀ = 19.501, with significant surface roughness increases in both materials ( p < 0.05). After electronic cigarette exposure, porcelain specimens had color changes of ΔE*ab = 1.390, ΔE00 = 1.317, and indirect composite resin samples ΔE*ab = 2.523, ΔE00 = 2.454. Surface roughness decreased significantly for porcelain ( p < 0.05) but increased for composite resin which was not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: Conventional cigarette exposure resulted in more significant color changes and surface roughness increases in gingiva‐colored materials compared to electronic cigarettes. Indirect composite resins demonstrated lower color stability than porcelains. Patients with gingiva‐colored porcelain and composite resin restorations should be informed about color and surface roughness changes due to smoking.

Background: This study aimed to verify the effects of whitening agents on the color stability of aligner attachments made from flowable and packable composite resins after staining with coffee and wine. Methods: Two composite groups were used for attachment preparation on epoxy resin master models: G-ænial Universal Injectable flowable (Group 1, N = 42) and G-ænial Posterior packable (Group 2, n = 42). Initial staining of samples was performed with coffee and red wine respectively, with a total period of 6 days representing 6 months of consumption. After staining, each main group was randomly divided into 3 groups related to distilled water as the control (Distilled Water (DW), n = 14) and whitening agents (Whitening Oral Rinse (WR), n = 14) (Carbamide Peroxide 22% (CP), n = 14) for a 14-day test period. Before staining (T0), after staining (T1), and after whitening (T2), color measurements were made with Vita Easy Shade V. ΔE ₀₀ formula was used to determine color differences between T0-T1 (ΔE ₀₀₁ ), T1-T2 (ΔE ₀₀₂ ) and T0-T2 (ΔE ₀₀₃ ) color measurement periods. Also, attachments’ whiteness change before and after whitening procedures was calculated using the Whiteness Index for Dentistry (WI_D) formula considering as ΔWI_D1 = WI_D(T2) − WI_D(T0) and ΔWI_D2 = WI_D(T2) − WI_D(T1). Results: After immersion in staining solutions, ΔE₀₀₁ values of Group 2 were significantly higher than of values of Group 1 (p < 0.001). In Group 1, ΔWI_D2 values in the WR and CP groups were found to be significantly higher than measurements in the DW group (p = 0.049 and p = 0.001). In Group 2, the value of ΔE₀₀₂ for subgroup CP was significantly higher than that for DW group (p = 0.023). Also, the ΔE₀₀₃ measurement of the WR group was higher than the measurement of the CP group (p < 0.001). In Group 2, the ΔWI_D1 measurement of the CP group was lower than the measurements of the DW (p < 0.001) and WR (p = 0.014) groups. According to ΔWI_D2 measurement in Group 2, CP measurements were higher than DW (p < 0.001) and WR (p = 0.024) measurements. Statistically significant differences were determined between the composite types for DW, WR, CP whitening types in terms of ΔE₀₀₃ and ΔWI_D1 measurements and between the composites for CP whitening type in terms of ΔWI_D2 measurements (p < 0.05). For all significant differences, measurements for Group 2 were found to be higher than for Group 1. Conclusion: The color change of packable composite was more pronounced than that of the flowable composite after staining. Between whitening and staining stages, especially in packable composite group, carbamide peroxide whitening agent significantly effected the color and whiteness of the attachments compared to control distilled water group.

Aim: Appropriate denture hygiene promotes the oral health of removable denture wearer elderly patients. This study was conducted to evaluate denture hygiene habits and awareness of the removable denture wearer geriatric population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out by questionnaires which were conducted on 202 volunteered geriatric removable denture wearers at prosthodontics and periodontology clinics. The questionnaires included demographic and denture hygiene habits and awareness information. The collected data were imported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences and the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to evaluate categorical variables represented as a percentage of study participants.Results: The results of the study reveal that most geriatric patients are aware of effective denture hygiene, but lack correct information. Brushing with soap was the most frequent cleaning method (47.5%). Cleaning only with water and a toothbrush was mostly seen in male participants, while the use of brush and soap, brush and toothpaste and effervescent tablet was mostly seen in female participants (p