This study reports the development and characterization of hierarchical electrospun scaffolds based on poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) reinforced with calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles (18.5 ± 4.7 nm) for skin regeneration. Six configurations, including two five-layer multilayer systems (PLA/PAN/CaO and PAN/PLA/CaO), were evaluated to determine how composition and deposition sequence influence physicochemical, mechanical, and biological performance. FT-IR, XRD and DSC confirmed the successful integration of CaO, while thermal analysis evidenced an effect of chain mobility and interfacial interactions within multilayer systems. Cross-sectional SEM revealed the presence of both fibers with continuous interfaces. Nitrogen adsorption showed that CaO significantly increased the specific surface area (e.g., from 4.6 m²/g in neat PLA to 21.65 m²/g in PLA/CaO), with type IV isotherms indicating mesoporosity. Wettability assays demonstrated reduced contact angle in PLA (from 126.3° to 91.8°) and sequence-dependent surface properties in multilayers. Tensile testing confirmed that the multilayer architecture bridged the mechanical gap between compliant PLA and high-strength PAN, yielding intermediate moduli (~10–11 MPa) and balanced toughness. Antibacterial assays against S. aureus and E. coli showed that CaO significantly reduced bacterial viability, with PLA/PAN/CaO achieving the highest inhibition (up to 37.1%). In vitro HaCaT assays and in vivo implantation in BALB/c mice confirmed high cytocompatibility and biocompatibility. These findings demonstrate that multilayer electrospinning of PLA/PAN/CaO enables the design of structurally integrated, bioactive, and mechanically balanced scaffolds for advanced wound healing and dermal repair.

This study presents an innovative approach for the synthesis of a mesoporous silica material derived from fly ash and functionalized with glycine (S2E-G) for the adsorption of rare earth elements (Dy3+ and Lu3+), underscoring a circular economy and sustainability approach. The resulting SBA-15 type mesoestructure exhibited a specific surface area of 403 m2 g-1 and an average pore diameter of 16.3 nm. Functionalization was confirmed by FTIR, CHNS, and XPS analyses, showing a grafting efficiency of 82%. Adsorption tests demonstrated exceptionally fast kinetics, with 90% capture of Lu3+ and 80% of Dy3+ achieved in just 5 minutes. The material exhibited a significant maximum adsorption capacity for Lu3+ (45.3 mg g-1), positioning it as promising given the scarcity of silica-based adsorbents for this element. Kinetic and isotherm modeling, along with density functional theory (DFT) simulation, confirmed that chemisorption is the dominant mechanism, mediated by the strong coordination between REE ions and the amino/carboxyl groups of glycine.These findings highlight the potential of fly ash reuse in developing sustainable mesoporous adsorbents for critical metal recovery, circular economy applications, and environmental remediation.