The purpose of the study was to ascertain the corrosion resistance in Hanks’ solution of Cr-Ni-Mo stainless steel (AISI 316L) coated with diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings to establish its suitability for biomedical applications, e.g., as temporary implants. The influence of the carbon coating thickness as well as the correlated effect of the metallic sublayer type and defects present in DLC films on corrosion propagation were discussed. The results obtained were compared with findings on the adhesion of DLC to the steel substrate. The synthesis of carbon thin films with Cr and Ti adhesive sublayers was performed using a combined DC and a high-power-impulse vacuum-arc process. Evaluation of the corrosion resistance was carried out by means of potentiodynamic polarisation tests and scanning electron microscopy. Adhesive properties of the sublayer/DLC coating systems were measured using a scratch tester. It was found that systems with Ti sublayers were less susceptible to the corrosion processes, particularly to pitting. The best anti-corrosion properties were obtained by merging Ti with a DLC coating with a thickness equal to 0.5 μm. The protective properties of the Cr/DLC systems were independent of the carbon coating thickness. On the other hand, the DLC coatings with the Cr sublayer showed better adhesion to the substrate.