This review investigates the multifaceted roles of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-mobilizing bacteria in natural ecosystems, with a particular focus on their contributions to plant growth and sustainable soil management. These microbial communities contribute substantially to nutrient cycling by converting atmospheric nitrogen into plant-available forms and mobilizing insoluble phosphorus in soil, thereby enhancing soil fertility and promoting sustainable plant productivity. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization and mineralization, and the production of plant growth–promoting metabolites. Particular attention is given to plant–microbe interactions and their role in improving nutrient availability, regulating plant physiological processes, and enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, and heavy metal contamination. The findings underscore the ecological importance of these plant-associated microbial communities and highlight their potential applications in biofertilizer and biostimulant development for sustainable agriculture and reduced dependence on synthetic fertilizers.

VQ motif-containing proteins are recognized as key regulators involved in plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses. Despite their established roles in various plant species, this gene family remains insufficiently characterized in Limonium bicolor, a recretohalophytic species notable for its multicellular salt glands. In the present study, 6 LbVQ genes were systematically identified from the L. bicolor genome and classified into four phylogenetic groups. Analyses of gene structure and conserved motifs revealed a high degree of conservation among LbVQ family members. Chromosomal mapping indicated an uneven distribution of these genes across 4 chromosomes. Promoter region analysis uncovered numerous cis-acting elements related to hormonal and stress-responsive pathways. Analysis of expression patterns demonstrated that the majority of LbVQ genes exhibited elevated expression during early salt gland development, suggesting their involvement in salt secretion mechanisms. Among them, LbVQ6 displayed significant differential expression under salt treatment. Functional validation through transient gene silencing experiments indicated that LbVQ6 positively regulate the development of salt glands and the salt tolerance of this species. Collectively, these findings establish a foundation for understanding the regulatory roles of VQ genes in halophytes, particularly in salt stress adaptation.

The article presents the results of the influence of glycyrrhizic acid and its derivatives in various percentages (0.1–1.5%) NaCl and in the post-stress period on the balance of phytohormones and the growth of roots of wheat seedlings. It was found that the treatment of wheat seeds with glycyrrhizic acid prevented salinization-induced inhibition of the mitotic activity of the cells of the root apical meristem and, in the post-stress period, accelerated the repair of root growth processes. The manifestation of the protective effect of glycyrrhizic acid on the growth of wheat root cells is due to its effect on the activity of the hormonal system of seedlings. Salinity negatively affected the balance of phytohormones associated with reversible accumulation of ABA and a decrease in the level of IAA and cytokinins in wheat seedlings. Treatment of wheat seeds with glycyrrhizic acid and its derivatives contributed to the maintenance of the hormonal status of roots under salinity conditions at the level of control plants. The results obtained indicate an important role of glycyrrhizic acid induced rearrangements of the hormonal system in the regulation of wheat plant growth under stress conditions.

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN:2319-7692(Print), ISSN:2319-7706(Online) is a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal with reputable academics and experts as members of its Editorial Board. The Current Microbiology aims to publish all the latest and outstanding research articles. Review and letters in all areas of major importance to techniques of microbiology and applied research with publishes high quality of review and research articles on novel aspects of Microbiology including Environmental, Food, Agricultural, Medical, Pharmaceutical, Veterinary, Soil, Water and Biodeterioration.

The process of formation of supramolecular complexes of glycyrrhizinic acid with some phytohormones (indolylacetic acid, indolylbutyric acid, α-naphthyl acetic acid and kinetin) were studied with the aim of creation the plant growth stimulator. The complexes structure was studied using IR and UV spectroscopy methods. The prepared compounds described by some physicochemical parameters. The stability constants and stoichiometric composition of complexes were determined in an aqueous solution at pH of 7,2 using UV spectrometry method. In result, all complexes have composition as 1:1 ratio, except the kinetin complex which has 2:1 ratio. The stability constants were equal: KGA:IAA=1,86±1×104; KGA:IBA=2,51±1×103; KGA:NAA =2,70±1×103 и KGA:К=5,07±1×105. The Gibbs free energies of complex formation were calculated.