Objective: To estimate the prevalence of frailty and evaluate the relationship with the social determinants of health in elderly residents in urban and rural areas of Colombia. Methods: The SABE (Health, Wellbeing, and Aging) Colombia project is a cross-sectional study, carried out in 2014-2015, involving 24,553 men and women aged 60 years and older who live in the community in Colombia. For this analysis, we used data from 4,474 participants included as a subsample with grip strength measurements. The frailty syndrome was diagnosed according to the Fried criteria (weakness, low speed, low physical activity, exhaustion, and weight loss). The independent variables were grouped as (a) biological and genetic flow, (b) lifestyle (adverse conditions in childhood) (c) social networks and community, and (d) socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to assess the prognostic value of frailty for the outcomes of interest. Results: The prevalence of frailty was 17.9%. The factors significantly associated with frailty were older age, being women, living in rural areas, having low education, a greater number of medical conditions, insufficient current income, childhood health problems and a poor economic situation in childhood. Conclusions: Our results support the need to include frailty prevention programs, to improve the socioeconomic health conditions of infants to avoid future development of frailty.

Background/Objectives: During the last decades, there has been a growing interest in and knowledge of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) or stressful life events and health issues in younger and adult populations. However, less is known in older populations. This narrative review aimed to summarize cross-syndrome studies on the relationship between life course exposure to adversity (e.g., ACEs, discrimination, famine, adult violence) and geriatric syndromes (e.g., dementia, frailty, falls, depression), with the primary intention of providing a descriptive mapping of the evidence and identifying gaps. Methods: We searched PubMed for articles published between 2015 and 2026 using specific keywords. Results: We included 84 studies. There is substantial variability in the exposure measures used (e.g., for ACEs, from one question to more than 30) and in the outcomes (e.g., different diagnostic criteria for dementia or frailty). Conclusions: Our synthesis showed that ACEs, stressful events, and other adversity measures are usually associated with greater probabilities of the occurrence of geriatric syndromes such as dementia, frailty, depression, falls, low muscle strength, multimorbidity, and functional decline. There are also some reports for mediators, depression being the most common, that may partially explain those associations.

During the last decades, there has been a growing interest in and knowledge of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) or stressful life events and health issues in younger and adult populations. However, less is known in older populations. This comprehensive review aimed to summarize studies on the relationship between life course exposures and geriatric syndromes. We searched PubMed for articles published between 2015 and 2026 using specific keywords. We included 84 studies. There is substantial variability in the exposure measures used (e.g., for ACEs, from 1 question to more than 30) and in the outcomes (e.g., different diagnostic criteria for dementia or frailty). Our synthesis showed that ACEs, stressful events and other adversity measures are usually associated with greater probabilities for the occurrence of geriatric syndromes such as dementia, frailty, depression, falls, low muscle strength, multimorbidity, and functional decline. There are also some reports for mediators that may partially explain those associations.

Introducción. El síndrome de Gitelman es un trastorno tubular renal primario hereditario poco frecuente, con una prevalencia aproximada de 1 a 10 por cada 40.000 personas; su sintomatología no es específica, por lo que su diagnóstico depende de la alta sospecha clínica por parte del médico tratante y de un abordaje secuencial de la hipopotasemia, sobretodo en pacientes jóvenes, para lo cual se propone un algoritmo diagnóstico al final este reporte. Presentación de caso. Mujer de 23 años con antecedente de hospitalización por hipopotasemia, quien consultó por calambres musculares intermitentes en miembros inferiores, los cuales se agudizaron debido a síntomas gastrointestinales. En los exámenes de laboratorio se reportaron los siguientes hallazgos: alcalosis metabólica, electrolitos en orina, niveles elevados de potasio, magnesio, cloro y sodio en orina, y niveles reducidos de calcio en orina, por lo que se inició suplementación de potasio y manejo con eplerenona, obteniéndose resolución completa de los síntomas. En su último control, la paciente era asintomática y sus niveles séricos de electrolitos eran normales. Además, durante la hospitalización y debido a la alta sospecha de síndrome de Gitelman se solicitó estudio genético, donde se reportó mutación del gen SCL12A3, confirmándose el diagnóstico. Conclusión. El abordaje secuencial de un paciente con hipopotasemia recurrente es de gran importancia para realizar un diagnóstico certero ante una amplia gama de diagnósticos diferenciales.