Background/Objectives: Vaccination against respiratory viruses—such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), pneumococcal disease, influenza, and COVID-19—may reduce the risk of adverse outcomes in older adults with cardiovascular disease. This study conducted a scoping review of the effects of respiratory vaccines in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Methods: We included studies evaluating adults aged ≥60 years with cardiovascular disease who received different types of respiratory vaccines. Eligible designs comprised clinical trials, observational cohort studies, and other relevant studies. Editorials, commentaries, and non-original publications were excluded. A comprehensive and targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science from database inception through January 2026. Results: A total of 26 studies were included, encompassing 1,782,787 adults aged ≥60 years with cardiovascular disease who received various respiratory vaccines. RSV vaccines were associated with a lower incidence of cardiorespiratory hospitalization and stroke among vaccinated individuals. Pneumococcal vaccines showed that sequential dual vaccination strategies were associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events. Influenza vaccination was associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes, lower mortality, and reduced adverse events. COVID-19 vaccines were associated with reductions in mortality and hospitalizations. These benefits are particularly relevant in an older population with a high burden of comorbidities; therefore, complete vaccination schedules, including booster doses, should be considered a central strategy for prevention and comprehensive management in this high-risk group. Conclusions: Vaccination against respiratory viruses in older adults with cardiovascular disease demonstrates an overall favorable/acceptable profile of efficacy and safety, with reductions in mortality, hospitalizations, and cardiovascular events, without a significant increase in serious adverse events.

Background/Objectives: Vaccination against respiratory viruses—such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), pneumococcal disease, influenza, and COVID-19—may reduce the risk of adverse outcomes in older adults with cardiovascular disease. This study conducted a scoping review of the effects of respiratory vaccines in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Methods: We included studies evaluating adults aged ≥ 60 years with cardiovascular disease who received different types of respiratory vaccines. Eligible designs comprised clinical trials, observational cohort studies, and other relevant studies. Editorials, commentaries, and non-original publications were excluded. A comprehensive and targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science from database inception through January 2026. Results: A total of 25 studies were included, encompassing 1,782,787 adults aged ≥ 60 years with cardiovascular disease who received various respiratory vaccines. RSV vaccines were associated with a lower incidence of cardiorespiratory hospitalization and stroke among vaccinated individuals. Pneumococcal vaccines showed that sequential dual vaccination strategies were associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events. Influenza vaccination was associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes, lower mortality, and reduced adverse events. COVID-19 vaccines were associated with reductions in mortality and hospitalizations. These benefits are particularly relevant in an older population with a high burden of comorbidities; therefore, complete vaccination schedules, including booster doses, should be considered a central strategy for prevention and comprehensive management in this high-risk group. Conclusions: Vaccination against respiratory viruses in older adults with cardiovascular disease demonstrates an overall favorable/acceptable profile of efficacy and safety, with reductions in mortality, hospitalizations, and cardiovascular events, without a significant increase in serious adverse events.

En objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto del riego deficitario sostenido en el desarrollo del girasol (Helianthus annuus). El estudio se fundamentó en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, donde los bloques fueron los siete periodos fenológicos generados en el tiempo por el desarrollo del cultivo de girasol, siendo cada bloque un periodo fenológico, con fines de muestreo se instalaron cinco módulos en el terreno, dentro de cada módulo se distribuyeron cuatro tratamientos (100% ETo-T1, 80% ETo-T2, 70% ETo-T3 y 60% ETo-T4) y cada unidad experimental estuvo formada por 90 plantas de girasol. Se midieron cuatro componentes de altura, longitud, diámetro de capítulo y del tallo del cultivo, asimismo se evaluó la ganancia de biomasa seca por efecto del riego deficitario sostenido. En cuanto a los resultados, el tratamiento de la lámina de riego de 80% se obtuvo una altura promedio 100,15 cm, diámetro de tallo promedio 1.28 cm y un diámetro de capitulo promedio de 8,84cm, resultados similares al tratamiento de 100%. En cuanto al tratamiento del 60% se obtuvo valores menores en altura en comparación a los tratamientos de 100% y 80%. En cuanto a la ganancia de biomasa seca por efecto del riego deficitario sostenido se obtuvo los promedios más altos para los tratamientos con las láminas de riego de 80% y 100% con 372.83 y 366.91 g/l respectivamente (P<0.05). El mayor peso de biomasa seca estuvo relacionado a una mayor vida post cosecha.

Background and Objectives: The association between SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and the development of rhabdomyolysis remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively synthesize and analyze the available evidence on the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, assessing methodological quality. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA v18. Results: A total of 133 patients with rhabdomyolysis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified from 93 case reports and 7 case series; the median age was 45.5 years (IQR: 24–62), with a predominance of males (72.9%). Additionally, 13 observational studies comprising 818 patients with rhabdomyolysis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Among cases associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, 20 patients were identified from 20 case reports; the median age was 52.5 years (IQR: 22.5–76.5), with a predominance of males (75%). These cases were primarily associated with mRNA-based vaccines, particularly Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 (50%) and Moderna (20%), and occurred predominantly after the first and second doses. The most frequent clinical manifestations in both groups were fever, myalgia, and dark urine. Clinical outcomes were favorable in most patients, both among infection-associated cases (72.2%) and vaccination-associated cases (80%). Conclusions: Rhabdomyolysis has been documented during SARS-CoV-2 infection, although its true frequency remains uncertain, whereas cases following COVID-19 vaccination do not establish causality or platform-specific risks.