To determine the sodium concentration in cow milk available for sale and to estimate its consumption by infants up to 6 months of age. Sodium level was determined by flame emission spectrophotometry in eight different lots of five brands of liquid ultra-high temperature milk and three brands of powdered milk. To estimate sodium consumption via cow milk, orientations for exceptional situations when neither breastfeeding nor infant formula is possible were considered. Inferential statistics were performed and results were compared with critical parameters at a 5% significance level. The mean sodium content per portion found in liquid milk (162.5±16.2) mg/200mL was higher than that in powdered milk (116.8±3.0) mg/26g. Estimated sodium consumption by infants through powdered milk varied from 149.8 to 224.7% of adequate intake, and via liquid milk can be more than 500% of the adequate intake, reaching 812.4% of it if dilution is not applied. Seven of the eight brands of milk studied had declared, on their labels, that the sodium content was 13-30% lower than that found in chemical analysis. Liquid and powdered whole cow milk have high sodium content, and the content per portion is higher in liquid milk than in powdered milk. The estimated consumption of sodium through these products can far exceed the adequate intake for infants from 0 to 6 months old, even when the recommended dilution and maximum daily volumes are followed.

Statistical inference in experimental neuroscience is routinely detached from the experimental record: analytic choices are reported in prose summaries that do not expose the code, assumptions, or decision pathways that produced the results. This detachment limits reproducibility and impairs peer review. Here, we describe the Companion Statistical Report (CSR), a structured, versioned document format designed to accompany empirical neuroscience manuscripts as peer-reviewed as a peer-reviewed resource. The CSR integrates data provenance, preprocessing decisions, exploratory analyses, model specifications, assumption diagnostics, inference with effect sizes, and sensitivity analyses into a single executable document, authored in Quarto 1.8 and supporting both R and Python workflows. We provide an open template hosted at on GitHub that implements this format with institutional branding, parameterization, and version tracking. The template was developed by the Bertrand Russell Research Excellence Group (NEC) at the School of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University. By making analytic choices auditable and reproducible by design, CSRs are designed to reduce the gap between what neuroscience experiments measure and what published statistics claim, offering a tractable and immediately implementable step toward greater transparency.

Resumo O baixo consumo de cálcio e elevado de sódio por adolescentes configura um sério problema de saúde pública. A biodisponibilidade e o teor de cálcio contido no leite fazem dele a melhor opção no atendimento a Ingestão Dietética Recomendada (IDR) desse nutriente. Como o leite pode contribuir para a ingestão de sódio, a realização de programas que visem aumentar o seu consumo deve ser precedida de ações para diminuir o teor de sódio nele presente. O conhecimento dos teores de cálcio e sódio presentes nos leites industrializados é fundamental para que se estabeleça a quantidade adequada a ser consumida. O estudo realizado visou quantificar o cálcio e o sódio de leites em pó e ultrapasteurizados comercializados em supermercados da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e estimar a quantidade a ser consumida para atingir as necessidades diárias de cálcio e o impacto sobre a ingestão de sódio. O cálcio foi quantificado por volumetria e o sódio por fotometria de chama. Os teores médios de cálcio e sódio do leite em pó (mg/26g) foram, respectivamente, 262,5 ± 5,1mg e 116,8 ± 3,1mg, e do leite ultrapasteurizado (mg/200mL) foram, respectivamente, 246,0 ± 10,3mg e 162,5 ± 16,3mg. Para atingir a IDR do cálcio, pelo consumo de leite, os adolescentes consumiriam 584mg de sódio pelo leite em pó (39% da IDR) e 812,5mg pelo ultrapasteurizado (54% da IDR).

Background/Objectives: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, particularly preeclampsia and eclampsia, are associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, with maternal obesity representing a major, modifiable risk factor. This study aimed to estimate the association between obesity and preeclampsia/eclampsia (PEC) in obstetric hospitalizations in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, and to examine risk trends across maternal age groups and between two distinct temporal cohorts. Methods: This population-based observational study analyzed 2,338,934 obstetric hospitalizations using data from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS). PEC and obesity diagnoses were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Logistic regression models were applied to estimate associations adjusted for maternal age, complemented by adjusted marginal predictions. Results: PEC occurred more than twice as often among women with obesity than without (5.4% vs. 2.2%; OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.84–2.47) and was associated with longer hospital stays (3.52 vs. 2.70 days) and higher costs (R$797.91 vs. R$602.69). The absolute risk difference between obese and non-obese women declined from 24.7% to 13.6% at age 20 between the 2017–2019 and 2023–2025 cohorts, while the relative risk gradient remained stable across all ages. Conclusions: Obesity is strongly associated with increased PEC risk, longer hospitalization, and higher costs. The observed attenuation in absolute risk differences in the most recent cohort reinforces the need for preventive interventions, nutritional surveillance, and public health policies aimed at reducing hypertensive complications during pregnancy for both obese and non-obese women.

Contemporary food systems face growing challenges in simultaneously promoting human health, environmental sustainability, social equity, and cultural adequacy. Although sustainable diets have gained prominence in research and policy, current assessment frameworks remain fragmented and rarely integrate food processing as a structural dimension shaping food system organisation and sustainability outcomes. Nevertheless, growing evidence indicates that ultra-processed foods represent not only negative health outcomes but also a structural expression of modern food systems, with environmental, economic, and sociocultural implications. In this context, this study proposes a theoretical conceptual model, integrating the degree of food processing, based on the Nova food classification, into the dimensions of sustainable diets, structuring evidence on how food processing operates across food system stages and shapes sustainability outcomes. The model was developed through a systematic model-building process, including expert validation using the Delphi technique. The proposed framework illustrates how diets based on unprocessed and minimally processed foods, compared with ultra-processed foods, are associated with distinct sustainability trajectories, including greater support for biodiversity conservation, local food systems, cultural and culinary practices, and higher nutritional quality, while highlighting interactions across food system components. Rather than establishing causal relationships, the model organises existing evidence, identifies key knowledge gaps, and provides an integrative framework to support future empirical research and policy-oriented analyses. By incorporating food processing as a structural characteristic of food systems into the analysis of diet sustainability, the model broadens understanding of contemporary food system challenges and highlights the structural role of ultra-processing in shaping sustainability outcomes, supporting more systematic assessments and informing policies toward more sustainable food systems.

Introdução: Sobreviventes de câncer apresentam maior risco de desenvolver doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) e podem se beneficiar de intervenções focadas em mudanças no estilo de vida, escassas nos países em desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Avaliar a viabilidade de um programa de aconselhamento para alimentação saudável e atividade física em sobreviventes de câncer de endométrio. Método: Ensaio clínico randomizado aninhado à coorte prospectiva que incluiu mulheres com câncer de endométrio entre 20-69 anos, tratadas cirurgicamente e randomizadas em Grupo Controle (GC) e Grupo Intervenção (GI), após o procedimento. A viabilidade foi avaliada pelas taxas de recrutamento, adesão e retenção. A eficácia foi testada pela avaliação antropométrica, laboratorial, ingestão alimentar, testes de capacidade funcional e nível de atividade física. Para análise estatística, foram ajustados os modelos lineares mistos para avaliar o efeito da intervenção nos grupos, considerando as diferentes medidas repetidas dos desfechos ao longo do tempo. Foi considerado estatisticamente significativo p<0,05. Resultados: O GI apresentou redução estatisticamente significante na insulina sérica, no teste “levantar e caminhar”, e no consumo energético diário. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos para variáveis antropométricas, para as quais se observou variação positiva entre o Tempo 0 e Tempo 3 no GC e negativa no GI. Taxas de recrutamento, adesão e retenção foram de 52,1%, 64,5% e 90,3%, respectivamente. Conclusão: A intervenção mostrou-se viável nessa população, embora sejam necessários ajustes no formato da intervenção. No entanto, com resultados modestos nos parâmetros antropométricos e de ingestão alimentar, estudos com maior tamanho amostral são necessários para adequada avaliação da sua eficácia.