Methylprednisolone (MP) is widely used to treat clinical spinal cord injury (SCI). Treadmill training is also considered an important treatment after SCI to improve motor function in patients, resulting in an evident improvement. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate and contrast the effects of MP and treadmill training administered in combination or alone after SCI in adult rats. A rat spinal cord T10 contusion model was induced in Sprague‑Dawley rats using an impact device. A total of 40 rats were divided into four groups (n=10 rats/group): the MP, MP + treadmill training, SCI and sham group. At 30 min after injury, MP sodium succinate was injected into the rats of the MP and MP + treadmill training groups. Treadmill training began on the second week post‑trauma and was performed for 8 weeks. The results showed that MP therapy combined with treadmill training significantly ameliorated several parameters of hind limb function compared with those by MP treatment alone (all P<0.05). A significantly reduced immunopositive area of Nogo receptor and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and reduced relative expression of these mRNAs were found in the MP + treadmill training group (P<0.05) compared with the findings in the MP group. In conclusion, the present study indicated that combined MP and treadmill training treatment improved the recovery of hind limb function in rats with SCI, thus potentially representing a promising strategy to cure SCI.

Lactarius hatsudake is an ecologically and economically significant wild edible mushroom in southern China. To elucidate its population genetic diversity, differentiation, and evolutionary history, we analyzed 172 fruiting bodies from eight geographic populations (AQ, BS, DZ, JS, NC, PT, SG, YX) across seven provinces in the western and eastern regions of southern China using five highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Combined with STRUCTURE clustering, discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), the results revealed high polymorphism across the studied loci (mean PIC = 0.842). A total of 75 alleles were identified, averaging 15 alleles per locus. At the population level, the mean effective number of alleles (Ne) was 4.023, and the mean unbiased gene diversity (uH) was 0.768. The NC population exhibited the highest genetic diversity (uH = 0.796), whereas the BS population showed relatively lower diversity (uH = 0.647). Clustering analyses (STRUCTURE, DAPC, and UPGMA) consistently identified two distinct genetic clusters (K = 2). Cluster I consisted of populations AQ, PT, BS, and SG, while Cluster II was composed of the remaining four populations. Notably, individuals from AQ and NC displayed significant genetic admixture, suggesting a transitional zone. AMOVA revealed that the majority of genetic variation (83%) resided within populations and 17% among populations. Moderate population differentiation (ENA-corrected global Fst = 0.102) and admixture signals suggest non-negligible connectivity among populations.

A systematic survey of macrofungal diversity was conducted at the Jiulingshan National Nature Reserve, located in a subtropical monsoon climatic zone dominated by well-preserved evergreen broad-leaved forests, Jiangxi Province, China. From May 2020 to September 2025, fruiting bodies were collected along transects established in the experimental zone, covering major vegetation types across an elevation gradient of 50–850 m. Macrofungal specimens were initially identified using traditional morphological taxonomy. For taxonomically challenging species, identification was further supported by ITS sequence analysis. A total of 295 macrofungal species were identified, belonging to two phyla, six classes, 20 orders, 63 families, and 150 genera, along with one species of myxomycete. Boletaceae, Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, and Polyporaceae were the most species-rich families, while Amanita, Russula, and Entoloma were the dominant genera. Floristic analysis revealed that cosmopolitan and North Temperate elements predominated in the macrofungal flora. Among the recorded species, 105 (35.6%) possess edible or medicinal value, whereas 26 (8.8%) are poisonous. This study provides the first comprehensive inventory of macrofungi in the Jiulingshan reserve, offering essential baseline data to support biodiversity conservation, sustainable resource utilization, and the understanding of fungal diversity in northwestern Jiangxi.