Eskibağlar M, et al. Restor Dent Endod. 2023 Nov;48:e38. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e38

Traditional treatments often involve chemotherapeutic agents; however, immune modulation agents, such as probiotics, propolis, Vitamin E, and vegetable oils, may offer alternative approaches to reduce inflammation and bone damage. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of various host modulation agents (probiotics, propolis, Vitamin E, and vegetable oils) on inflammation and bone loss in a rat model of experimental apical periodontitis (AP). Eight-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 79) were used. AP was induced by exposing the coronal pulp of the mandibular right first molar. Rats were divided into seven groups: Control, AP, AP + Vegetable Oil, AP + Probiotic, AP + Propolis, AP + Vitamin E, and AP + Physiological Serum. The host modulation agents were administered daily for 30 days. Serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels were measured, along with histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Vitamin E and vegetable oil significantly reduced inflammation by 33% and 28%, respectively, compared with the AP group (p < 0.0001 for both). Probiotics reduced fibrosis by 36% (p = 0.0002), and all agents except propolis showed lower serum calcium levels (p = 0.0017) than the AP group. Osteoblastic activity was higher in the AP and Vitamin E groups (p = 0.0366), whereas both propolis and vitamin E treatments resulted in a 20% reduction in osteoclastic activity (p = 0.0389). No significant effect on abscess formation was observed (p = 0.2610). Compared to the AP group, RANKL levels were significantly lower in the supplemented groups by 28–50% (p = 0.0036). Specific nutritional supplements with host modulation effectively reduced inflammation and bone loss in experimental AP. These findings suggest the potential of these agents in improving endodontic treatment outcomes. Further studies are required to explore their clinical application.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two endodontic rotary files with different off-center geometries in bending and torsional tests using finite element analysis (FEA). Trunatomy Prime (TRN-P) and WaveOne Gold Primary (WOG-P) files were used in the study. Geometric models for finite element analysis were obtained by micro-computed tomography scanning. FEA analyses were performed according to ISO 3630-1 specifications to evaluate the bending and torsional tests of the files. Trunatomy Prime showed higher flexibility than WOG-P when subjected to bending. In terms of torsional strength, WOG-P showed higher torsional strength than TRN-P. The geometry of a rotary instrument file influences the mechanical behavior (bending and torsion) of rotary files. The clinician should be aware of the behavioral differences in rotary files and use the appropriate file according to the clinical situation in addition to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the presence of dental anomalies and the prevalence of anomaly types by examining cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images obtained from patients presenting to the Faculty of Dentistry at Fırat University. Methods: CBCT images of 1180 patients referred to the Department of Oral, Dental, and Maxillofacial Radiology were utilized. Images of patients with intact teeth, devoid of prosthetic or endodontic treatments, lacking periapical lesions, and with completed root development were included. Basic descriptive statistics such as frequency analysis were employed for data analysis, while comparisons were made using the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: Anomalies were detected in 125 out of 1180 patients (80 females, 45 males), totaling 176 anomalous teeth. The prevalence of dental anomalies was determined to be 10.6%. Distribution by gender revealed 12% in females and 8.72% in males. Through radiographic examination, the most commonly identified anomalies were taurodontism (4.1%), radix molaris (3.3%), dilaceration (3%), dens invaginatus (0.17%), and fusion (0.08%). No cases of gemination were encountered. Conclusion: Dentists should possess adequate knowledge regarding the prevalence of dental anomalies and their types, especially during root canal treatments. Misdiagnosis and improper treatment of a tooth with a planned root canal therapy due to dental anomalies can lead to treatment failure. The presence of dental anomalies can be successfully detected using CBCT, aiding in the assessment of root and canal structures of teeth. Keywords: Dental Anomaly, Endodontics, CBCT

Reciprocating nickel–titanium instruments generate mechanical stress during root canal preparation, which may affect instrument safety. Although instrument design is known to influence torque generation, the effect of different irrigating solutions on the real-time operative torque remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of various irrigating solutions on torque generated during root canal shaping using reciprocating single-file systems. Extracted human mandibular premolars with oval canals were assigned to groups prepared using sodium hypochlorite, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, or saline in combination with three reciprocating file systems. All canals were instrumented with a torque-controlled motor, and the real-time operative torque and preparation time were digitally recorded. The mean torque, maximum torque, and shaping duration were statistically compared between the irrigant and instrument groups. The irrigation solution alone did not show a significant main effect on torque values or preparation time. However, a significant interaction between the file system and irrigant type was detected, indicating that the torque response depended on the specific file–irrigant combination. In contrast, the file system type significantly influenced torque behavior, with the T-Endo MUST system producing higher mean and peak torque than the other instruments. These findings suggest that instrument design characteristics may have a greater impact on the development of mechanical stress during root canal preparation than the irrigation solution used.