Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibro-inflammatory condition defined by permanent anatomical changes in the pancreas. The causes of CP are described by the TIGAR-O classification system: toxin-related, idiopathic, genetic mutations, autoimmune disorders, episodes of recurrent acute pancreatitis, and obstructions. Pain is multifactorial in nature, and common psychopathological consequences of CP, including depression and anxiety, complicate the clinical picture of chronic pancreatitis. As a result, the quality of life of patients with CP is decreased. This review describes the pathophysiology of pain and its relationship to underlying psychological consequences, with a focus on a long-term, holistic management approach. Strategies that combine physical and psychological management align with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being). CP predominantly affects patients from low socioeconomic backgrounds due to disparities in medical care, underscoring the relevance of achieving SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities). This review emphasizes the importance of targeted research in developing a holistic care model for CP that aligns with the SDGs.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a reduced glomerular filtration rate and/or increased urinary albumin excretion. The worldwide prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) ranges from 8 to 16 %, and the prevalence of CKD is rising. The aim: To study the association between CKD stages, proteinuria, and lipoprotein (a) levels among the study participants. Materials and methods: This study was an institution-based observational case-control study involving CKD patients as study group and healthy volunteers as control one. Blood samples were tested for urea, serum creatinine, uric acid levels, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and serum lipoprotein. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 20.0. Result: In our study, the most common age group affected among cases was 41 to 50 years (5th decade), and there was a male preponderance in CKD. CKD patients had a higher mean protein creatinine ratio than controls, and this difference was statistically significant. In addition, CKD patients had significantly higher total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and lower HDL cholesterol levels than controls. Also, they had significantly elevated serum lipoprotein (a) levels than controls. Conclusion: Based on our study findings, we can conclude that because of the potential role of lipoprotein (a) in the development of cardiovascular disease, it is imperative to include an estimation of lipoprotein (a) levels in all CKD patients, especially in later stages to give a targeted therapy for dyslipidemia among CKD patients

Sleep plays an imperative role in maintaining good health. Sleep along with circadian cycle wields strong regulatory control over immunity. Sleep deprivation (SD) is a threat to health developing several immunological disorders. The medicinal plant Withania somnifera (WS) root extract is widely used for its immuno-modulatory properties. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the effect of WS root extract on pro and anti-inflammatory signalling in SD rats. 24 male Wistar rats (120-150g) were divided into 4 groups with 6 animals in each. The groups were divided such that Group I - cage control, Group II - large platform control, Group III - sleep deprived & Group IV – WS treated SD rats. RT-PCR based mRNA expression analysis of pro inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory marker (IL-10) in the cortex of control and SD rats were completed. Concurrent protein expression analysis was completed using western blot. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test in SPSS software version 20. Data showed elevation of pro-inflammatory markers and depression of IL-10. Thus, WS down regulated the pro-inflammatory and up-regulated the anti-inflammatory molecules, which can be further considered towards the treatment of sleep deprivation induced inflammatory diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of death in technologically developed and developing countries. Copper, an active redox element, is involved in energy production through various mechanisms. Copper and coronary artery disease can be associated directly, through its direct effect on the vascular endothelium, or indirectly through lipoprotein metabolism. Hence an evaluation of copper in the coronary artery disease individual is important. The aim is to compare the relationship of serum copper levels between coronary artery disease patients and control individuals based on age, sex, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: The study design was a case-control study in which proven coronary artery disease patients attending cardiology OPD were selected as cases. Control individuals were mainly selected from the master health check-up. Serum copper levels, plasma glucose, cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and serum HDL & LDL cholesterol were done. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA₁C) was also measured. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 24. Result: The correlation of serum copper level with other quantitative parameters is determined by calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficient among cases and controls. Conclusion: The serum copper level is significantly (p=0.001) higher in CAD patients than in age, sex, DM, and HT-matched controls. The serum copper level has a significant (p=0.001) effect on disease, and the adjusted odds ratio is 1.032 (CI 1.011–1.054). In addition, the serum copper level has a significant (0.01) negative correlation with LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol.