The aim of this in vitro study is to investigate the effects of ozone and conventional cavity disinfectant on microleakage at the cavities which are restorated with different restorative materials. Ninety human molar teeth were used in this study. Black V cavities are prepared on buccal surfaces of teeth. Teeth are divided to 3 groups which contains 30 teeth. Group 1: ozone applied; Group 2: 2% chlorhexidine applied; Group 3: any disinfectant is not applied. And then all groups are divided to three subgroups. All subgroups are restored with silorane, ormocer, and traditional composite according to the manufacturer’s directions. Sections were examined under a microscope. Occlusal and gingival microleakage values by a separate researcher and scores were recorded. Statistically results were reviewed with ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis Tests. Statistically significant difference of microleakage between cavity disinfectant and control groups’ occlusal and gingival lines was not found (p > 0.05). There was no differences at occlusal lines of composite subgroups (p > 0.05) but also significant difference at gingival lines was found (p < 0.05). Statistically significant difference was found among the composite materials, between chlorhexidine and control groups’ gingival lines. The most successful results at gingival lines were found with silorane.

Objective: The biocompatibility of adhesive systems is essential for the long-term success of restorative dental procedures due to their close proximity to dentin and pulpal tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of adhesive systems with different pH values on L929 mouse fibroblast cells under in vitro conditions. Materials and Methods: Four commercially available adhesive systems with different pH values—All-Bond Universal, G-Premio Bond, Tokuyama Bond Force II, and Clearfil Universal Bond Quick—were evaluated. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay at four different concentrations (0.1%, 0.01%, 0.001%, and 0.0001%) and three incubation periods (24, 48, and 72 h). Cell viability data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests. Cytotoxicity was interpreted according to ISO 10993-5 criteria. Results: All adhesive systems exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, with significant reductions in cell viability observed only at the highest concentration (0.1%). At lower concentrations, no cytotoxic effects were detected. Despite having the highest pH value, All-Bond Universal consistently demonstrated the lowest cell viability. In contrast, Tokuyama Bond Force II showed the most favorable cytocompatibility profile, with relatively higher cell viability values over time. Morphological analysis supported the quantitative findings, revealing pronounced cellular alterations at high concentrations and preserved fibroblastic morphology at lower concentrations. Conclusions: adhesive systems demonstrate cytotoxic effects in a concentration-dependent manner, and pH alone is insufficient to predict their biocompatibility. Monomer composition and formulation characteristics appear to play a more critical role in determining cytotoxic behavior. These findings emphasize the importance of appropriate adhesive handling and isolation techniques to minimize tissue exposure and enhance clinical safety.

Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are lesions observed in dental hard tissues and have a multifactorial etiology. It is believed that surface loss processes such as abrasion and erosion, together with the biomechanical effects caused by occlusal stress, play a role in the development of these lesions. The structural characteristics of the cervical region and the distribution of stress within this area influence both lesion formation and the success of restorative treatments. The aim of this review is to evaluate the relationship between the etiology of NCCLs, biomechanical effects, and mechanisms of adhesive failure and to outline clinical approaches and restorative strategies accordingly. Current findings suggest that stress accumulation in the cervical region may adversely affect the adhesive interface, leading to loss of retention and marginal breakdown. Consequently, to achieve successful outcomes in the treatment of NCCLs, it is necessary to evaluate biomechanical factors and clinical variables together and to adopt a personalized treatment approach.

Objective: Remineralization is an important strategy for preventing the progression of early enamel caries and restoring the mineral content of demineralized enamel. Various remineralizing agents, including fluoride-based materials, hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass, and natural compounds, have been investigated for their potential to promote enamel remineralization. However, evidence directly comparing the remineralization efficacy of these different agents under standardized experimental conditions remains limited. Therefore, a comparative evaluation of these materials may provide clinically relevant information for the management of early enamel lesions and contribute to the development of biomimetic strategies that aim to restore the structure and properties of damaged dental tissues. Accordingly, this study aimed to comparatively evaluate the remineralization potential of silver diamine fluoride, hydroxyapatite–xylitol, nano-sized bioactive glass, and grape seed extract on artificially induced enamel lesions. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five caries-free human premolars were used in this in vitro study. Fifty enamel specimens were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10): 38% silver diamine fluoride (Riva Star), hydroxyapatite–xylitol (Remin Pro), nano-sized bioactive glass (Bone G Active), 10% grape seed extract (Immu-Nat), and deionized water (control). Five additional specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All specimens underwent a 14-day pH cycling regimen. Remineralization was evaluated using Vickers surface microhardness measurements at baseline, after demineralization, and after remineralization. Surface morphology was assessed by SEM. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests (p < 0.05). Results: All experimental groups showed significantly higher microhardness values compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The greatest increases were observed in the Riva Star, Remin Pro, and bioactive glass groups. Although grape seed extract demonstrated a lower remineralization effect, it significantly improved microhardness compared with the control group (p < 0.05). SEM analysis revealed more pronounced surface morphological changes in the Riva Star and ReMin Pro groups. Conclusions: Silver diamine fluoride, Remin Pro, and bioactive glass demonstrated promising remineralization potential, whereas grape seed extract exhibited a supportive but limited effect.

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the antibacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) of commercially available fluoride toothpastes with two different concentrations of fluoride and different added herbal content (Aloe vera, miswak [Salvadora persica]).Methods: In the study, which consisted of two fluoride toothpastes with different concentrations (700 ppm, 1450 ppm), two fluoride toothpastes with added natural content (Aloe vera, miswak), and a control group (chlorhexidine), the antimicrobial efficacy of the toothpastes was examined using the agar diffusion test at three different time points (1st, 3rd, and 5th days). For each experimental group, a total of 20 samples were evaluated, comprising 10 samples inoculated with S. mutans (ATCC® 25175) and 10 samples inoculated with L. acidophilus (ATCC® 11975) standard bacterial isolates (n=10). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were applied for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at (p