Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is a human systemic disorder, caused by deposition of transthyretin amyloid fibrils in various organs and tissues. Significant difficulties in studying ATTR include heterogeneous symptomatology, its complex pathological phenotype and a limited understanding of underlying mechanisms. This is an attempt to explore ATTR through the collection of potentially related proteins and the construction of a protein–protein interaction network (PPIN). A set of 158 potential ATTR-related proteins was collected with data extracted from biological databases and through mining biomedical literature. A PPIN was constructed to explore the connectivity of these proteins and determine whether they are likely related to transthyretin and ATTR. Central proteins were identified through topological analysis of the connected network and selected for enrichment analysis. This resulted in a network of 121 interconnected potential ATTR-related proteins, 19 of which were identified as central. Terms associated with the central proteins included other diseases and complications, such as Alzheimer’s disease and inflammation, and amyloidogenic proteins, such as APP and APOA1. Lastly, key terms and central proteins are discussed within the framework of the existing ATTR literature. Overall, this network can guide future research on ATTR, and the central proteins represent promising targets for further exploration.