The increasing public concern over the negative impacts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on food security and sustainability has led to exploring innovative methods that offer both environmental and agricultural benefits. One such innovative approach is using plant‐growth‐promoting bioinoculants that involve bacteria, fungi, and algae. These living microorganisms are applied to soil, seeds, or plant surfaces and can enhance plant development by increasing nutrient availability and defense against plant pathogens. However, the application of biofertilizers in the field faced many challenges and required conjunction with innovative delivering approaches. Nanotechnology has gained significant attention in recent years due to its numerous applications in various fields, such as medicine, drug development, catalysis, energy, and materials. Nanoparticles with small sizes and large surface areas (1‐100 nm) have numerous potential functions. In sustainable agriculture, the development of nanochemicals has shown promise as agents for plant growth, fertilizers, and pesticides. The use of nanomaterials is being considered as a solution to control plant pests, including insects, fungi, and weeds. In the food industry, nanoparticles are used as antimicrobial agents in food packaging, with silver nanomaterials being particularly interesting. However, many nanoparticles (Ag, Fe, Cu, Si, Al, Zn, ZnO, TiO₂, CeO₂, Al₂O₃, and carbon nanotubes) have been reported to negatively affect plant growth. This review focuses on the effects of nanoparticles on beneficial plant bacteria and their ability to promote plant growth. Implementing novel sustainable strategies in agriculture, biofertilizers, and nanoparticles could be a promising solution to achieve sustainable food production while reducing the negative environmental impacts.

Nanobiotechnology, at the intersection of nanotechnology and biology, represents a burgeoning field poised to revolutionize medicine through the use of advanced nanocarriers. These nanocarriers, endowed with distinctive physiobiological attributes, are instrumental in diverse therapeutic domains including drug delivery for microbial infections, cancer treatment, tissue engineering, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. Despite the transformative potential, several challenges hinder their efficacy, such as limited drug capacity, suboptimal targeting, and poor solubility. This review delves into the latest advancements in nanocarrier technologies, examining their properties, associated limitations, and the innovative solutions developed to address these issues. It highlights promising nanocarrier systems like nanocomposites, micelles, hydrogels, microneedles, and artificial cells that employ advanced conjugation techniques, sustained and stimulus-responsive release mechanisms, and enhanced solubility. By exploring these novel structures and their contributions to overcoming existing barriers, the article emphasizes the vital role of interdisciplinary research in advancing nanobiotechnology. This field offers unparalleled opportunities for precise and effective therapeutic delivery, underscoring its potential to reshape healthcare through personalized, targeted treatments and improved drug performance.

Studies were undertaken on occurrence of Glomus spp. in rhizosphere soils of apple orchards in north western Himalayas. Investigation revealed occurrence of G. caledonicum, G geosporum., G. globiterum, G. gerdemannii, G. halonatus, G. flavisporum, G. mosseae, G. dimorphicum, G. melanosporum, G. tubaeforme, G. aggregatum, G. australe, G. macrocarpum, G. manihotene, G. reticulatum and G. maculosum in apple rhizosphere soils. DNA amplification pattern in delicious group seedlings showed amplification pattern at 300bp and 750 bp while Glomus infected seedlings showed amplification at 100 bp.

The Lantana genus, especially L. camara, has emerged as a potential yet underutilized lignocellulosic feedstock for various catalytic thermochemical conversion products and advanced carbon materials. This study reviews recent developments in the valorization of Lantana biomass to generate biofuels, bio-oil, syngas, and engineered biochar materials through pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal processing, and integrated biorefinery processes, in a critical manner. Particular focus will be on nanocomposite-modified, metal-doped biochar with catalytic elements such as ZSM-5, Fe₃O₄, TiO₂, and Ni-, Co-, and Zn-based oxides to enhance deoxygenation, catalytic cracking, tar reforming, pollutant remediation, and energy storage. Recent developments in catalyst synthesis techniques, such as impregnation, hydrothermal deposition, and in situ functionalization, are reviewed, along with characterization methods including BET, XRD, SEM/TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS. The review further examines the impact of pore structure, surface chemistry, the presence of redox-active centers, and catalyst stability on product selectivity, syngas quality, and upgrading bio-oil performance. The effects of biochar on microbial immobilization, anaerobic digestion, and integrated biochemical conversion are discussed in detail, excluding thermochemical effects. The challenges of catalyst deactivation, biomass heterogeneities, scalability, techno-economic viability, and decentralized biomass logistics are also discussed. In summary, the development and implementation of catalytic reaction engineering, the design of nanocomposite biochar, and circular bioeconomy strategies have great potential to facilitate the conversion of invasive Lantana biomass into renewable fuels, multifunctional carbon materials, and environmentally friendly bioeconomy products.