CONSUMO HÍDRICO DE CALLA LILY SUBMETIDA AO MANEJO DE IRRIGAÇÃO VIA SOLO E TEORES DE COBRE1 JANINE FARIAS MENEGAES2; ALEXANDRE SWAROWSKY3; FERNANDA ALICE ANTONELLO LONDERO BACKES4; ROGÉRIO ANTONIO BELLÉ4 E HÉLCIO JOSÉ IZÁRIO FILHO5 1 Manuscrito referente a parte da Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola de Janine Farias Menegaes.2 Eng. Agrônoma, Mestranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola (PPGEA), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Prédio 42, Sala 3325, CEP 97.105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. janine_rs@hotmail.com3 Doutor, Professor do PPGEA, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. aleswar@gmail.com4 Doutor(a), Professor(a) do Departamento de Fitotecnia, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. fernanda@bakes.com.br; rogeriobelle@gmail.com 5 Doutor, Professor do Departamento de Engenharia Química, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Lorena, SP, Brasil. helcio@dequi.eel.usp.br 1 RESUMO Na floricultura as interações do sistema solo-planta-água refletem, diretamente, na qualidade do produto final, em que a compreensão destas relações auxilia no entendimento dos mecanismos de resposta da planta. Com o presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento e o consumo hídrico da calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.) submetida a diferentes manejos de irrigação e teores de Cu (cobre), sendo cultivada em solo de áreas vitivinícolas com excesso desse nutriente. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x3 (teores de Cu: zero, 300, 500 e 700 mg kg-1 de CuSO4 e manejo de irrigação: 40, 60 e 80% da capacidade de retenção de água no vaso (CRA)), com cinco repetições. O balanço hídrico foi realizado em intervalo de três dias e, o solo utilizado foi coletado no município de Pinto Bandeira, RS, localizado na Serra Gaúcha, em área vitivinícola. O experimento foi realizado no período de outubro de 2013 a março de 2014, em casa de vegetação, em Santa Maria, RS. Verificou-se que os teores do Cu adicionados ao solo não interferiram no consumo hídrico diário da calla lily, obtendo médias diárias de 0,5, 0,8 e 1,2 mm dia-1 para as lâminas de 40, 60 e 80% da CRA, respectivamente. Calla lily pode ser cultivada em ambientes com altos teores de Cu, pois a planta apresenta tolerância ao mesmo. Palavras-chave: Zantedeschia spp., Floricultura, Balanço hídrico, Áreas vitivinícolas. MENEGAES, J. F.; SWAROWSKY, A.; BACKES, F. A. A. L.; BELLÉ, R. A.; IZÁRIO FILHO, H. J.CALLA LILY WATER CONSUMPTION SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT IRRIGATION STRATEGIES AND COPPER LEVELS 2 ABSTRACT In floriculture, interactions of the soil-plant-water system are directly reflected on the quality of the final product, and the understanding of these relationships helps in understanding the mechanisms of plant response. The present work aimed to evaluate the development and the water consumption of calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.) under different irrigation strategies, grown in winery areas with excess copper. The experimental setup was completely randomized in a factorial 4x3 (four copper levels and three irrigation strategies), with five repetitions. Water balance was taken at every three days and the soil was collected in the municipality of Pinto Bandeira, RS, in the vineyard area. The experiment was carried out from October 2013 to March 2014, in a greenhouse in Santa Maria, RS. It was found that Cu content added to the soil did not interfere with the daily water consumption of calla lily, obtaining average daily 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 mm day-1 for depths 40, 60 and 80% CRA (water retention capacity of the vessel), respectively. Calla lily can be grown in environments with high Cu, because the plant is tolerant to it. Keywords: Zantedeschia spp., Floriculture, Water balance, Wine areas.

The use of alternative waste products as organic soil amendments has become increasingly important for researchers and the industrial sector, as they promote environmental protection and sustainable development. The objective of this study was to assess phytotoxicity of different pulp industry sludge rates applied to two soils as soil amendment, based on their effects on seed germination and radicle elongation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum). The pulp industry sludge rates applied were 1.31, 1.57, 2.61, 3.27, 3.92, and 5.23 Mg ha^-1, based on soil liming requirements. Absorbent paper and soil without sludge application were used as control treatments. The bioassay was conducted by sowing 20 seeds in 15 g of soil, which were maintained in a germination chamber at 25 °C for 7 days (T. aestivum) and 14 days (F. arundinacea) with a 12-hour photoperiod. Relative germination percentage, relative root growth, germination index, normalized residual germination, and normalized residual root elongation were evaluated. The results highlight the potential of using pulp industry sludge as an organic soil amendment, as it showed significant improvements in germination and root elongation for F. arundinacea. Although phytotoxicity was observed in T. aestivum seeds at lower sludge rates, the toxic effect decreased at higher rates, indicating that the use of pulp industry sludge is promising for agricultural and environmental applications.

Using sensors to estimate soil water content is important for managing water resources and making decisions on their multiple uses. However, commercial platforms are still extremely expensive, and the development of more accessible systems is essential. This study assesses low-cost capacitive sensors v1.2 to estimate water content in soil using the Arduino platform. Undeformed samples of two different soils (Rhodic Paleudalf and Rhodic Hapludox) were collected at two different depths with three sample volumes. The weight difference data due to sample drainage were collected every 5 min together with the reading values of the soil sensors. To evaluate the obtained results, statistical resources were used, such as Pearson correlation analysis (r), simple linear regression, second-order polynomial regression, root mean square error, Willmott index, and performance index. It was possible to verify that factors such as soil type, sample volume, and the time interval between data collection affect the performance of the sensors. The shortest time intervals between each reading of the sensors showed that soils with sandy texture should be calibrated with second-order equations and with reading intervals not exceeding 24 h.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of adjuvants associated with the spray mixture of insecticides aimed at the control of Euschistus heros in the soybean crop. First the treatments were applied and later the cages were assembled, being artificially infested 10 insects per cage. The treatments were composed of the insecticide Engeo Pleno® in combination with different adjuvants. The surface tension was reduced in all the treatments that contained the addition of adjuvants, and the treatments with organosilicone were the ones that resulted in the lower levels. The treatments did not present a significant difference, however, a superior efficiency of the insecticide was observed in association with adjuvants. The addition of Assist®, Break Thru® S240 and TA35® adjuvants to the thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide improves the control of Euschistus heros, showing an agronomic efficiency superior to the insecticide applied alone.

Inflorescence brassicas, such as broccoli and cauliflower, rich in fiber and vitamins, are widely consumed in Brazil, and present an average production of 23 t ha-1. Despite this demand, the quality of seedlings of both species is one of the main factors that limit production. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate broccoli and cauliflower seedling emergence and production in different substrates, using the irrigation method named Deep Film Technique (DFT) on a table. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, 7×2: substrate compositions (volumetric proportions of 1:0:0; 0:1:0; 0:0:1; 1:1:1; 1:1:0; 1:0:1 and 0:1:1, containing commercial substrate Carolina Soil®, carbonized rice husk and medium textured sand) and inflorescence brassicas (broccoli and cauliflower), with four replications. Each experimental unit consisted of 50 seeds/seedlings. At 21 days after sowing (DAS), it was evaluated the percentage, index, time, speed and frequency of emergence, and, at 35 DAS, clod stability, number of leaves and seedling length. It was observed that there was good seed germination and seedling formation for both species in all substrate compositions and with the aid of the DFT irrigation method on a table. Under these conditions, for both species, substrate compositions of 1:0:0; 1:1:1 and 1:1:0 are recommended.