The pharmaceutical industry is a major source of pollution in wastewater effluents, characterized by chemical residues that are complex and difficult to degrade. Naproxen, a commonly detected drug in sewage effluents, exceeds safe concentrations for aquifers and is highly persistent, posing significant risks to aquatic life and ecosystems. This drug is known to cause long-term side effects in humans, such as gastrointestinal ulcers and nephrosis, associated with frequent and prolonged use. Additionally, the recent pandemic has led to a marked increase in drug consumption over a short period, exacerbating environmental contamination. Titanium dioxide has been extensively used as a photocatalyst in recent decades, proving effective in reducing these emerging pollutants. In this study, TiO₂ doped with cerium was synthesized using the sol–gel method, with cerium concentrations varied at 1, 3, 5, and 10% by weight. The resulting nanocatalysts were characterized through nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity was assessed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to monitor the degradation of the drugs. XRD analysis confirmed the crystallinity and anatase phase of TiO₂. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra indicated a decrease in bandgap energy of up to 3.00 eV compared to pure TiO₂. The materials demonstrated significant degradation of naproxen (NPX) and acetaminophen (ACTP), both prepared at 30 ppm, over a 6 h reaction period.

ZSM-5 zeolite possesses a three-dimensional network of microporous channels formed by oxygen-linked Si and Al tetrahedra, which confers a high surface area, stability, and hydrophobic properties that increase with the Si/Al ratio. These characteristics make ZSM-5 a suitable material for the adsorption of gases such as hydrogen. In pure ZSM-5, hydrogen storage occurs primarily through physisorption in the micropores, exhibiting type I isotherms and an adsorption capacity that increases with pressure, especially at low temperatures. The relatively low adsorption energy indicates weak interactions that keep the hydrogen in a molecular state and allow for its reversible release. However, the storage capacity can be significantly modified by the incorporation of metals, which generate new active sites capable of activating or even dissociating hydrogen, partially altering the adsorption mechanism. Despite these advantages, the microporous nature of ZSM-5 can limit diffusion and mass transfer efficiency. Therefore, strategies such as the creation of hierarchical structures with mesopores, variation of composition and synthesis of the material represent key parameters of research to improve its performance in hydrogen storage applications.