The evolution of battery management systems has imposed the necessity of evaluating batteries equivalent circuit models. The advantage of this type of modeling is to accurately estimate the dynamic aspects of a battery. Circuit parameters are identified for the purpose of forecasting different battery states. This paper presents multiple circuit models described in the literature. Four types of batteries are studied: Nickel-Metal Hybrid, Lithium-Ion, Lead-acid and Lithium Polymer.

This paper presents the possibilities to reconfigure the Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator (FBAR) Filters. We propose the addition of passive elements (L, C) to the FBAR. An augmentation of 35% to the bandwidth is found when adding inductances, and a reduction of 32% is established when using capacitances. Also, we propose a new reconfiguration technique for FBARs filters using RF-MEMS switches. We detail this new reconfiguration technique, showing an example of a reconfigurable FBAR filter for operation in the W-LAN 802.11b/g (2.4-2.48 GHz) and in the W-CDMA (2.11-2.17 GHz) communication standards.

This paper presents the feasibility of a new method to tune the Bulk Acoustic Wave - Solidly Mounted Resonator (BAW-SMR) filters by adding capacitors to the shunt resonators and by controlling these capacitors using CMOS transistors that act as switches. The tunable BAWSMR filter is realized in a ladder topology. It is used for the 802.11b/g standard (2.40-2.48 GHz). Mainly, the filter fulfills the requirements for the WLAN 802.11 b/g standard, presenting a measured -3.3 dB of insertion loss, -12.7 dB of return loss and selectivity higher than 33 dB @ ±30 MHz of the bandwidth. Moreover, a measured shift of 0.5% of the centre frequency (2.44 GHz) towards higher frequencies is obtained. This tunable BAW-SMR filter has reduced dimensions (1035*1075 μm ² ).

This paper presents a new method to reconfigure the bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters by adding inductors to the shunt resonators and by controlling these inductors with CMOS transistors that act as switches. We show an application of this new technique to a filter designed for the WLAN-802.11 b/g standard (2400-2480 MHz). In a first step, the filter design was realized for implementation in a SiP context to validate our architecture and to evaluate the potential of this new method. Applying this technique enables us to increase approximately 32% the original bandwidth and to improve the out of band rejection.

A major concern in modern electricity is power quality and reliability of the supplied electricity. With the development of new technologies, the continuous changes in consumption trends, and the presence of unknown sources, the act of load balancing at distribution level becomes more complex and much needed. One of the best methods to achieve balance is finding the optimal reconfiguration. While most literature on the topic focuses on reducing power losses through network reconfiguration at feeder level, the focus of this paper is on consumer load rearrangement at the installation level of the unit itself. These changes are made in order to achieve balance between the phases and guarantee reduction of the electric bill. Furthermore, balancing has an effect on fuel consumption reduction resulting in positive effect on the environment. Automatic balancing is based on a switching technique following certain constraints and equations. This method can be applied on both feeders and the unit level and is guaranteed to give better results when compared to other techniques. The percentage of unbalance dropped below 1 % using phase commitment algorithm reaching 0.329% and 0.0227% for 15 and 150 loads testing systems, respectively. Also, the neutral current and the difference between the phases is minimal compared to other techniques. The study is conducted on real data for different types of distribution loads.