This research aims to use energy harvested from conductive materials to power microelectronic components. The proposed method involves using vibration-based energy harvesting to increase the natural vibration frequency, reduce the need for battery replacement, and minimise chemical waste. Piezoelectric transduction, known for its high-power density and ease of application, has garnered significant attention. Additionally, graphene, a non-piezoelectric material, exhibits good piezoelectric properties. The research explores a novel method of printing graphene material using 3D printing, specifically Direct Ink Writing (DIW) and fused deposition modelling (FDM). Both simulation and experimental techniques were used to analyse energy harvesting. The experimental technique involved using the cantilever beam-based vibration energy harvesting method. The results showed that the DIW-derived 3D-printed prototype achieved a peak power output of 12.2 µW, surpassing the 6.4 µW output of the FDM-derived 3D-printed prototype. Furthermore, the simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics yielded a harvested output of 0.69 µV.

Nowadays, research has shown the emergence of the 3D printing method for printing a functionalized component. Graphene nanomaterial has an enormous conducting property that can compete with conducting materials like copper and silicon. This paper describes the electrical conductivity investigation of 3D-printed graphene nanomaterial in extrusion-based 3D printing methods. In extrusion, two different approaches of the 3D printing method were used to print the graphene-based structure: the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method and the direct ink writing (DIW) method. Both printing methods follow the two printing processes and select material forms. Selection of testing was made to analyze the characterization variations in the printed material, such as XRD, TGA, viscosity, Raman shift, and Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses, which shows the changes of effect in the conductivity due to various parameter differences in both the printing methods. A four-point probe technique was used to analyze the electrical conductivity of the two different methods. These analysis results prove that the characterization variations differ in the FDM and DIW printed models.

Despite the fact that temperature affects how much power is produced by solar panels, a temperature that exceeds a certain threshold results in a reduction in output. Additionally, there are losses when switching is controlled in inverters using different control approaches like pulse width modulation (PWM), sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), and multiple pulse width modulation (MPWM). The type of control method and temperature have an impact on these losses. Here, the MPWM approach is used to analyze it at various temperatures. A metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor or MOSFET-based and an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based inverter are also planned. Their switching losses at various temperatures are contrasted. For a range of temperature values, the IGBT-equipped inverter is discovered to be a low-loss inverter. Compared to an IGBT inverter, the MOSFET inverter has a comparatively higher loss.

The Finite Element Model Analysis is one type of numerical analysis method, which can able to solve the field problems described by a set of partial differential equations. Based on the CAD design model, this analysis is used to extract the geometric information of the model and concurrent with the design methodology. It has been carried out through three levels of analysis. Namely, static analysis, frequency analysis, and Temperature analysis. The entire simulation has been performed by using the SOLIDWORKS simulation tool. Volumetric properties are defined by the proposed 3D designed structure. Materials properties were considered by the ideal graphene material and Study properties were considered based on the study type involved in this analysis.