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Sandro Lorenz
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Flight Guidance, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany

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Journal article
Published: 25 June 2020 in Aerospace
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The safe and orderly integration of unmanned aircraft in the airspace is surely among the most difficult challenges to be solved in the near future. However, a safe and fluid traffic management on the ground is not less important and not less challenging, as completely different aspects have to be considered here. Much less work has been done yet to solve this question. In the frame of the project Surface Management Operations (SuMO), a procedural solution has been developed to enable fully integrated unmanned airport ground movements while allowing air traffic controllers to guarantee a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of traffic. This concept is based on the idea of segmented standard taxi routes for unmanned aircraft, while maintaining current procedures for manned aircraft. From 2017 to 2019, a two-stage validation campaign validated this new solution. No concerns regarding safety or human factors issues were revealed. Access and Equity, as well as Interoperability, were found to be very satisfying. A fast time simulation of mixed manned and unmanned traffic, using the proposed solution, was almost as efficient as pure manned traffic and can easily be implemented at medium-size airports. This article provides information about the experimental setup and the conduction of both validations stages, and illustrates obtained results. It closes with a discussion and an outlook.

ACS Style

Michael Finke; Sandro Lorenz. Segmented Standard Taxi Routes—A New Way to Integrate Remotely Piloted Aircraft into Airport Surface Traffic. Aerospace 2020, 7, 83 .

AMA Style

Michael Finke, Sandro Lorenz. Segmented Standard Taxi Routes—A New Way to Integrate Remotely Piloted Aircraft into Airport Surface Traffic. Aerospace. 2020; 7 (6):83.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Finke; Sandro Lorenz. 2020. "Segmented Standard Taxi Routes—A New Way to Integrate Remotely Piloted Aircraft into Airport Surface Traffic." Aerospace 7, no. 6: 83.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2018 in Aerospace
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Weather events have a significant impact on airport performance and cause delayed operations if the airport capacity is constrained. We provide quantification of the individual airport performance with regards to an aggregated weather-performance metric. Specific weather phenomena are categorized by the air traffic management airport performance weather algorithm, which aims to quantify weather conditions at airports based on aviation routine meteorological reports. Our results are computed from a data set of 20.5 million European flights of 2013 and local weather data. A methodology is presented to evaluate the impact of weather events on the airport performance and to select the appropriate threshold for significant weather conditions. To provide an efficient method to capture the impact of weather, we modelled departing and arrival delays with probability distributions, which depend on airport size and meteorological impacts. These derived airport performance scores could be used in comprehensive air traffic network simulations to evaluate the network impact caused by weather induced local performance deterioration.

ACS Style

Michael Schultz; Sandro Lorenz; Reinhard Schmitz; Luis Delgado. Weather Impact on Airport Performance. Aerospace 2018, 5, 109 .

AMA Style

Michael Schultz, Sandro Lorenz, Reinhard Schmitz, Luis Delgado. Weather Impact on Airport Performance. Aerospace. 2018; 5 (4):109.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Schultz; Sandro Lorenz; Reinhard Schmitz; Luis Delgado. 2018. "Weather Impact on Airport Performance." Aerospace 5, no. 4: 109.

Journal article
Published: 30 August 2011 in CEAS Aeronautical Journal
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The DLR Institute of Flight Guidance is one of the leading establishments in the field of air traffic management research worldwide. Research is conducted using different simulation models. The fast time simulation tools (e.g. Simmod, AirTOp, etc.) offer the possibility to examine various aspects of the air traffic in short evaluation cycles. Especially long lasting, complex traffic flows can be well analysed with the help of these tools. In contrast to the fast time simulation tools, the real time simulation facilities operated by the Institute allow the so-called human-in-the-loop research. For instance, the Apron- and Tower Simulator (ATS) emulates the air traffic controller’s working environment at the airport. Within this environment, the impact of new concepts on the controllers can be examined. The influence of different traffic scenarios, additional assistant systems, work organization and the design of workplaces on controllers’ task- and workload can be researched in this way. Inside the “Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt” (DLR) project Remote Airport Traffic Control Center (RAiCe), an approach was developed to combine both types of the described simulation models. Therefore, the fast time simulation was enhanced with elements representing typical tasks of a controller (e.g. separation keeping or radio communication). By this approach, it was possible to preselect appropriate traffic scenarios and to determine special traffic events. At the ATS, air traffic controllers were confronted with the selected scenarios and events. Based on their performance, conclusions concerning different remote tower operation concepts were made. Within this paper, the cooperative use of fast and real time simulation is reviewed. A five step cooperative strategy is suggested to allow for efficient scenario design that enables the validation expert to design scenarios with specific traffic situations using a fast time simulation tool. Furthermore, harmonizing fast and real time simulation offers the possibility to use data of the fast time simulation as scenarios for real time simulations, and real time simulations can be used for the validation of fast time simulation models. Data of the simulations within RAiCe are introduced. The application of the cooperative use of fast and real time simulation for validation of future ATM concepts is indicated.

ACS Style

Sebastian Schier; Anne Papenfuss; Sandro Lorenz; Jan Walther; Christoph Moehlenbrink. An approach to support controller work-place design in a multi-airport environment using fast and real-time simulations. CEAS Aeronautical Journal 2011, 2, 185 -193.

AMA Style

Sebastian Schier, Anne Papenfuss, Sandro Lorenz, Jan Walther, Christoph Moehlenbrink. An approach to support controller work-place design in a multi-airport environment using fast and real-time simulations. CEAS Aeronautical Journal. 2011; 2 (1):185-193.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sebastian Schier; Anne Papenfuss; Sandro Lorenz; Jan Walther; Christoph Moehlenbrink. 2011. "An approach to support controller work-place design in a multi-airport environment using fast and real-time simulations." CEAS Aeronautical Journal 2, no. 1: 185-193.