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This paper presents results from the SESAR ER3 Domino project. Three mechanisms are assessed at the ECAC-wide level: 4D trajectory adjustments (a combination of actively waiting for connecting passengers and dynamic cost indexing), flight prioritisation (enabling ATFM slot swapping at arrival regulations), and flight arrival coordination (where flights are sequenced in extended arrival managers based on an advanced cost-driven optimisation). Classical and new metrics, designed to capture network effects, are used to analyse the results of a micro-level agent-based model. A scenario with congestion at three hubs is used to assess the 4D trajectory adjustment and the flight prioritisation mechanisms. Two different scopes for the extended arrival manager are modelled to analyse the impact of the flight arrival coordination mechanism. Results show that the 4D trajectory adjustments mechanism succeeds in reducing costs and delays for connecting passengers. A trade-off between the interests of the airlines in reducing costs and those of non-connecting passengers emerges, although passengers benefit overall from the mechanism. Flight prioritisation is found to have no significant effects at the network level, as it is applied to a small number of flights. Advanced flight arrival coordination, as implemented, increases delays and costs in the system. The arrival manager optimises the arrival sequence of all flights within its scope but does not consider flight uncertainties, thus leading to sub-optimal actions.
Luis Delgado; Gérald Gurtner; Piero Mazzarisi; Silvia Zaoli; Damir Valput; Andrew Cook; Fabrizio Lillo. Network-wide assessment of ATM mechanisms using an agent-based model. Journal of Air Transport Management 2021, 95, 102108 .
AMA StyleLuis Delgado, Gérald Gurtner, Piero Mazzarisi, Silvia Zaoli, Damir Valput, Andrew Cook, Fabrizio Lillo. Network-wide assessment of ATM mechanisms using an agent-based model. Journal of Air Transport Management. 2021; 95 ():102108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Delgado; Gérald Gurtner; Piero Mazzarisi; Silvia Zaoli; Damir Valput; Andrew Cook; Fabrizio Lillo. 2021. "Network-wide assessment of ATM mechanisms using an agent-based model." Journal of Air Transport Management 95, no. : 102108.
The development of trajectory-based operations and the rolling network operations plan in European air traffic management network implies a move towards more collaborative, strategic flight planning. This opens up the possibility for inclusion of additional information in the collaborative decision-making process. With that in mind, we define the indicator for the economic risk of network elements (e.g., sectors or airports) as the expected costs that the elements impose on airspace users due to Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) regulations. The definition of the indicator is based on the analysis of historical ATFM regulations data, that provides an indication of the risk of accruing delay. This risk of delay is translated into a monetary risk for the airspace users, creating the new metric of the economic risk of a given airspace element. We then use some machine learning techniques to find the parameters leading to this economic risk. The metric is accompanied by an indication of the accuracy of the delay–cost prediction model. Lastly, the economic risk is transformed into a qualitative economic severity classification. The economic risks and consequently economic severity can be estimated for different temporal horizons and time periods providing an indicator which can be used by Air Navigation Service Providers to identify areas which might need the implementation of strategic measures (e.g., resectorisation or capacity provision change), and by Airspace Users to consider operation of routes which use specific airspace regions.
Luis Delgado; Gérald Gurtner; Tatjana Bolić; Lorenzo Castelli. Estimating economic severity of Air Traffic Flow Management regulations. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 2021, 125, 103054 .
AMA StyleLuis Delgado, Gérald Gurtner, Tatjana Bolić, Lorenzo Castelli. Estimating economic severity of Air Traffic Flow Management regulations. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. 2021; 125 ():103054.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Delgado; Gérald Gurtner; Tatjana Bolić; Lorenzo Castelli. 2021. "Estimating economic severity of Air Traffic Flow Management regulations." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 125, no. : 103054.
This article presents a new, holistic model for the air traffic management system, built during the Vista project. The model is an agent-driven simulator, featuring various stakeholders such as the Network Manager and airlines. It is a microscopic model based on individual passenger itineraries in Europe during one day of operations. The article focuses on the technical description of the model, including data and calibration issues, and presents selected key results for 2035 and 2050. In particular, we show clear trends regarding emissions, delay reduction, uncertainty, and increasing airline schedule buffers.
Luis Delgado; Gérald Gurtner; Andrew Cook; Jorge Martín; Samuel Cristóbal. A multi-layer model for long-term KPI alignment forecasts for the air transportation system. Journal of Air Transport Management 2020, 89, 101905 .
AMA StyleLuis Delgado, Gérald Gurtner, Andrew Cook, Jorge Martín, Samuel Cristóbal. A multi-layer model for long-term KPI alignment forecasts for the air transportation system. Journal of Air Transport Management. 2020; 89 ():101905.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Delgado; Gérald Gurtner; Andrew Cook; Jorge Martín; Samuel Cristóbal. 2020. "A multi-layer model for long-term KPI alignment forecasts for the air transportation system." Journal of Air Transport Management 89, no. : 101905.
Weather events have a significant impact on airport performance and cause delayed operations if the airport capacity is constrained. We provide quantification of the individual airport performance with regards to an aggregated weather-performance metric. Specific weather phenomena are categorized by the air traffic management airport performance weather algorithm, which aims to quantify weather conditions at airports based on aviation routine meteorological reports. Our results are computed from a data set of 20.5 million European flights of 2013 and local weather data. A methodology is presented to evaluate the impact of weather events on the airport performance and to select the appropriate threshold for significant weather conditions. To provide an efficient method to capture the impact of weather, we modelled departing and arrival delays with probability distributions, which depend on airport size and meteorological impacts. These derived airport performance scores could be used in comprehensive air traffic network simulations to evaluate the network impact caused by weather induced local performance deterioration.
Michael Schultz; Sandro Lorenz; Reinhard Schmitz; Luis Delgado. Weather Impact on Airport Performance. Aerospace 2018, 5, 109 .
AMA StyleMichael Schultz, Sandro Lorenz, Reinhard Schmitz, Luis Delgado. Weather Impact on Airport Performance. Aerospace. 2018; 5 (4):109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Schultz; Sandro Lorenz; Reinhard Schmitz; Luis Delgado. 2018. "Weather Impact on Airport Performance." Aerospace 5, no. 4: 109.
This paper compares different optimization strategies for the minimization of flight and passenger delays at two levels: pre-tactical, with on-ground delay at origin, and tactical, with airborne delay close to the destination airport. The optimization model is based on the ground holding problem and uses various cost functions. The scenario considered takes place in a busy European airport and includes realistic values of traffic. A passenger assignment with connections at the hub is modeled. Statistical models are used for passenger and connecting passenger allocation, minimum time required for turnaround and tactical noise; whereas uncertainty is also introduced in the model for tactical noise. Performance of the various optimization processes is presented and compared to ration by schedule results.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Adeline De Villardi De Montlaur; Luis Delgado. Flight and passenger delay assignment optimization strategies. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 2017, 81, 99 -117.
AMA StyleAdeline De Villardi De Montlaur, Luis Delgado. Flight and passenger delay assignment optimization strategies. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. 2017; 81 ():99-117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdeline De Villardi De Montlaur; Luis Delgado. 2017. "Flight and passenger delay assignment optimization strategies." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 81, no. : 99-117.
Hub operations are complex as not only flight delay but also passengers’ connections need to be managed to minimise airlines’ operating costs. When facing delayed aircraft, the aircraft operator can speed up incoming flights to the hub to reduce the delay and/or actively delay outbound flights to wait for passengers that would miss their connection, these outbound flights can be speeded up on their turn. This optimisation cannot be carried out in isolation as the system has limited resources that need to be allocated in concurrence with other flights. For this reason, a negotiation process is required. In this context, the use of agent based modelling techniques allows us to describe the behaviour of the different stakeholders in a smooth manner and to analyse complex interactions and the impact of local decisions at network level.
Luis Delgado; Jorge Martín; Alberto Blanch; Samuel Cristóbal. Agent Based Model for Hub Operations Cost Reduction. Communications in Computer and Information Science 2017, 3 -15.
AMA StyleLuis Delgado, Jorge Martín, Alberto Blanch, Samuel Cristóbal. Agent Based Model for Hub Operations Cost Reduction. Communications in Computer and Information Science. 2017; ():3-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Delgado; Jorge Martín; Alberto Blanch; Samuel Cristóbal. 2017. "Agent Based Model for Hub Operations Cost Reduction." Communications in Computer and Information Science , no. : 3-15.
Air traffic management research lacks a framework for modelling the cost of resilience during disturbance. There is no universally accepted metric for cost resilience. The design of such a framework is presented and the modelling to date is reported. The framework allows performance assessment as a function of differential stakeholder uptake of strategic mechanisms designed to mitigate disturbance. Advanced metrics, cost- and non-cost-based, disaggregated by stakeholder sub-types, are described. A new cost resilience metric is proposed and exemplified with early test data.
Andrew Cook; Luis Delgado; Graham Tanner; Samuel Cristóbal. Measuring the cost of resilience. Journal of Air Transport Management 2016, 56, 38 -47.
AMA StyleAndrew Cook, Luis Delgado, Graham Tanner, Samuel Cristóbal. Measuring the cost of resilience. Journal of Air Transport Management. 2016; 56 ():38-47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew Cook; Luis Delgado; Graham Tanner; Samuel Cristóbal. 2016. "Measuring the cost of resilience." Journal of Air Transport Management 56, no. : 38-47.
Ground delay programs typically involve the delaying of aircraft that are departing from origin airports within some set distance of a capacity constrained destination airport. Long haul flights are not delayed in this way. A trade-off exists when fixing the distance parameter: increasing the 'scope' distributes delay among more aircraft and may reduce airborne holding delay but could also result in unnecessary delay in the (frequently observed) case of early program cancellation. In order to overcome part of this drawback, a fuel based cruise speed reduction strategy aimed at realizing airborne delay, was suggested by the authors in previous publications. By flying slower, at a specific speed, aircraft that are airborne can recover part of their initially assigned delay without incurring extra fuel consumption if the ground delay program is canceled before planned. In this paper, the effect of the scope of the program is assessed when applying this strategy. A case study is presented by analyzing all the ground delay programs that took place at San Francisco, Newark Liberty and Chicago O'Hare International airports during one year. Results show that by the introduction of this technique it is possible to define larger scopes, partially reducing the amount of unrecovered delay. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Luis Delgado; Xavier Prats. Operating cost based cruise speed reduction for ground delay programs: Effect of scope length. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 2014, 48, 437 -452.
AMA StyleLuis Delgado, Xavier Prats. Operating cost based cruise speed reduction for ground delay programs: Effect of scope length. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. 2014; 48 ():437-452.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Delgado; Xavier Prats. 2014. "Operating cost based cruise speed reduction for ground delay programs: Effect of scope length." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 48, no. : 437-452.
Luis Delgado; Xavier Prats; Banavar Sridhar. Cruise speed reduction for ground delay programs: A case study for San Francisco International Airport arrivals. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 2013, 36, 83 -96.
AMA StyleLuis Delgado, Xavier Prats, Banavar Sridhar. Cruise speed reduction for ground delay programs: A case study for San Francisco International Airport arrivals. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. 2013; 36 ():83-96.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Delgado; Xavier Prats; Banavar Sridhar. 2013. "Cruise speed reduction for ground delay programs: A case study for San Francisco International Airport arrivals." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 36, no. : 83-96.
En route speed reduction can be used for air traffic flow management (ATFM), e.g., delaying aircraft while airborne or realizing metering at an arrival fix. In previous publications, the authors identified the flight conditions that maximize the airborne delay without incurring extra fuel consumption with respect to the nominal (not delayed) flight. In this paper, the effect of wind on this strategy is studied, and the sensitivity to wind forecast errors is also assessed. A case study done in Chicago O'Hare airport (ORD) is presented, showing that wind has a significant effect on the airborne delay that can be realized and that, in some cases, even tailwinds might lead to an increase in the maximum amount of airborne delay. The values of airborne delay are representative enough to suggest that this speed reduction technique might be useful in a real operational scenario. Moreover, the speed reduction strategy is more robust than nominal operations against fuel consumption in the presence of wind forecast uncertainties.
Luis Delgado; Xavier Prats. Effect of Wind on Operating-Cost-Based Cruise Speed Reduction for Delay Absorption. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2013, 14, 918 -927.
AMA StyleLuis Delgado, Xavier Prats. Effect of Wind on Operating-Cost-Based Cruise Speed Reduction for Delay Absorption. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 2013; 14 (2):918-927.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Delgado; Xavier Prats. 2013. "Effect of Wind on Operating-Cost-Based Cruise Speed Reduction for Delay Absorption." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 14, no. 2: 918-927.
Xavier Prats; Eduard Santamaria; Luis Delgado; Noel Trillo; Enric Pastor. Enabling leg-based guidance on top of waypoint-based autopilots for UAS. Aerospace Science and Technology 2013, 24, 95 -100.
AMA StyleXavier Prats, Eduard Santamaria, Luis Delgado, Noel Trillo, Enric Pastor. Enabling leg-based guidance on top of waypoint-based autopilots for UAS. Aerospace Science and Technology. 2013; 24 (1):95-100.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXavier Prats; Eduard Santamaria; Luis Delgado; Noel Trillo; Enric Pastor. 2013. "Enabling leg-based guidance on top of waypoint-based autopilots for UAS." Aerospace Science and Technology 24, no. 1: 95-100.
Xavier Prats; Luis Delgado; Jorge Ramírez; Pablo Royo; Enric Pastor. Requirements, Issues, and Challenges for Sense and Avoid in Unmanned Aircraft Systems. Journal of Aircraft 2012, 49, 677 -687.
AMA StyleXavier Prats, Luis Delgado, Jorge Ramírez, Pablo Royo, Enric Pastor. Requirements, Issues, and Challenges for Sense and Avoid in Unmanned Aircraft Systems. Journal of Aircraft. 2012; 49 (3):677-687.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXavier Prats; Luis Delgado; Jorge Ramírez; Pablo Royo; Enric Pastor. 2012. "Requirements, Issues, and Challenges for Sense and Avoid in Unmanned Aircraft Systems." Journal of Aircraft 49, no. 3: 677-687.
This chapter contains sections titled: Background InformationExisting Regulations and StandardsSense and Avoid RequirementsHuman Factors and Situational Awareness ConsiderationsConclusionsAcknowledgmentsReferences
Xavier Prats; Jorge Ramirez; Luis Delgado; Pablo Royo. Regulations and Requirements. Sense and Avoid in UAS 2012, 85 -117.
AMA StyleXavier Prats, Jorge Ramirez, Luis Delgado, Pablo Royo. Regulations and Requirements. Sense and Avoid in UAS. 2012; ():85-117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXavier Prats; Jorge Ramirez; Luis Delgado; Pablo Royo. 2012. "Regulations and Requirements." Sense and Avoid in UAS , no. : 85-117.
Luis Delgado; Xavier Prats. En Route Speed Reduction Concept for Absorbing Air Traffic Flow Management Delays. Journal of Aircraft 2012, 49, 214 -224.
AMA StyleLuis Delgado, Xavier Prats. En Route Speed Reduction Concept for Absorbing Air Traffic Flow Management Delays. Journal of Aircraft. 2012; 49 (1):214-224.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Delgado; Xavier Prats. 2012. "En Route Speed Reduction Concept for Absorbing Air Traffic Flow Management Delays." Journal of Aircraft 49, no. 1: 214-224.
Xavier Prats; Luis Delgado; Pablo Royo; Marc Pérez-Batlle; Enric Pastor. Departure and Approach procedures for Unammed Aircraft Systems in a Visual-Flight-Rule Environment. Journal of Aircraft 2011, 48, 1280 -1290.
AMA StyleXavier Prats, Luis Delgado, Pablo Royo, Marc Pérez-Batlle, Enric Pastor. Departure and Approach procedures for Unammed Aircraft Systems in a Visual-Flight-Rule Environment. Journal of Aircraft. 2011; 48 (4):1280-1290.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXavier Prats; Luis Delgado; Pablo Royo; Marc Pérez-Batlle; Enric Pastor. 2011. "Departure and Approach procedures for Unammed Aircraft Systems in a Visual-Flight-Rule Environment." Journal of Aircraft 48, no. 4: 1280-1290.
Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have great potential to be used in a wide variety of civil applications such as environmental applications, emergency situations, surveillance tasks and more. The development of Flight Control Systems (FCS) coupled with the availability of other Commercial Off-The Shelf (COTS) components is enabling the introduction of UAS into the civil market. The sophistication of existing FCS is also making these systems accessible to end users with little aeronautics expertise. However, much work remains to be done to deliver systems that can be properly integrated in standard aeronautical procedures used by manned aviation. In previous research advances have been proposed in the flight plan capabilities by offering semantically much richer constructs than those present in most current UAS autopilots[1]. The introduced flight plan is organized as a set of stages, each one corresponding to a different flight phase. Each stage contains a structured collection of legs inspired by current practices in Area Navigation (RNAV[2], [3]). However, the most critical parts of any flight, the depart and approach operations in a integrated airspace remain mostly unexplored. This paper introduces an assessment of both operations for UAS operating in VFR and IFR modes. Problems and potential solutions are proposed, as well as an automating strategy that should greatly reduce pilot workload. Although the final objective is a full autonomous operation, the pilot is always kept in the control loop and therefore HMI aspects are also considered.
Enric Pastor; Xavier Prats; Pablo Royo; Luis Delgado; Eduard Santamaria. UAS pilot support for departure, approach and airfield operations. 2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010, 1 -24.
AMA StyleEnric Pastor, Xavier Prats, Pablo Royo, Luis Delgado, Eduard Santamaria. UAS pilot support for departure, approach and airfield operations. 2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference. 2010; ():1-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnric Pastor; Xavier Prats; Pablo Royo; Luis Delgado; Eduard Santamaria. 2010. "UAS pilot support for departure, approach and airfield operations." 2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference , no. : 1-24.
Luis Delgado; Xavier Prats. En-route Speed Reduction for the Management of ATFM Delays. 9th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference (ATIO) 2009, 1 .
AMA StyleLuis Delgado, Xavier Prats. En-route Speed Reduction for the Management of ATFM Delays. 9th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference (ATIO). 2009; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Delgado; Xavier Prats. 2009. "En-route Speed Reduction for the Management of ATFM Delays." 9th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference (ATIO) , no. : 1.
Luis Delgado; Xavier Prats; Carlos Ferraz; Pablo Royo; Enric Pastor. An Assessment for UAS Depart and Approach Operations. 9th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference (ATIO) 2009, 1 .
AMA StyleLuis Delgado, Xavier Prats, Carlos Ferraz, Pablo Royo, Enric Pastor. An Assessment for UAS Depart and Approach Operations. 9th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference (ATIO). 2009; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Delgado; Xavier Prats; Carlos Ferraz; Pablo Royo; Enric Pastor. 2009. "An Assessment for UAS Depart and Approach Operations." 9th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference (ATIO) , no. : 1.