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This paper proposes a novel method combining Pinch Methodology and waste hydrogen recovery, aiming to minimise fresh hydrogen consumption and waste hydrogen discharge. The method of multiple-level resource Pinch Analysis is extended to the level of Total Site Hydrogen Integration by considering fresh hydrogen sources with various quality. Waste hydrogen after Total Site Integration is further regenerated. The technical feasibility and economy of the various purification approaches are considered, demonstrated with a case study of a refinery hydrogen network in a petrochemical industrial park. The results showed that fresh hydrogen usage and waste hydrogen discharge could be reduced by 21.3% and 67.6%. The hydrogen recovery ratio is 95.2%. It has significant economic benefits and a short payback period for Total Site Hydrogen Integration with waste hydrogen purification. The proposed method facilitates the reuse of waste hydrogen before the purification process that incurs an additional environmental footprint. In line with the Circular Economy principles, hydrogen resource is retained in the system as long as possible before discharge.
Limei Gai; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Yee Van Fan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Sandro Nižetić. Total Site Hydrogen Integration with fresh hydrogen of multiple quality and waste hydrogen recovery in refineries. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleLimei Gai, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sandro Nižetić. Total Site Hydrogen Integration with fresh hydrogen of multiple quality and waste hydrogen recovery in refineries. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLimei Gai; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Yee Van Fan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Sandro Nižetić. 2021. "Total Site Hydrogen Integration with fresh hydrogen of multiple quality and waste hydrogen recovery in refineries." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , no. : 1.
Challenges of high energy efficiency, water saving, low-carbon emissions, waste management and food saving have been considerable pressures on both regional and global sustainable development. This paper reviews the water-energy extended nexuses (e.g. food, greenhouse gases, waste, pollution, land and others) from the perspective of relationship and practicability in relieving the challenges towards environmentally-related sustainable development goals. A specific issue identified is that with the popularity of “nexus” and extension beyond resources nexus, the positioning and identity of nexuses become ambiguous. In most cases, nexus is a more attractively sounding term to replace specific expressions such as multi-criteria optimisation, trade-offs, correlation/relationship, input-output assessment, material flow analysis, and integrated design. The methodologies (e.g. input-output analysis and life cycle assessment) entail needing to be adequately integrated or expanded for diverse water-energy extended nexuses. It is crucial for evaluating resource flows in multiple regions and sectors and assessing the associated environment-economic impacts. A standardised understanding like establishing life cycle assessment and even more quantified footprints could ensure that the nexus would not fall as the group of a buzzword and contribute to sustainable development goals. This study serves as a stepping stone to establish quantified characteristics or components as eligibility to classify as nexus approaches and studies.
Xue-Chao Wang; Peng Jiang; Lan Yang; Yee Van Fan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Yutao Wang. Extended water-energy nexus contribution to environmentally-related sustainable development goals. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 150, 111485 .
AMA StyleXue-Chao Wang, Peng Jiang, Lan Yang, Yee Van Fan, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Yutao Wang. Extended water-energy nexus contribution to environmentally-related sustainable development goals. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 150 ():111485.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXue-Chao Wang; Peng Jiang; Lan Yang; Yee Van Fan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Yutao Wang. 2021. "Extended water-energy nexus contribution to environmentally-related sustainable development goals." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 150, no. : 111485.
The COVID-19 pandemic developed the severest public health event in recent history. The first stage for defence has already been documented. This paper moves forward to contribute to the second stage for offensive by assessing the energy and environmental impacts related to vaccination. The vaccination campaign is a multidisciplinary topic incorporating policies, population behaviour, planning, manufacturing, materials supporting, cold-chain logistics and waste treatment. The vaccination for pandemic control in the current phase is prioritised over other decisions, including energy and environmental issues. This study documents that vaccination should be implemented in maximum sustainable ways. The energy and related emissions of a single vaccination are not massive; however, the vast numbers related to the worldwide production, logistics, disinfection, implementation and waste treatment are reaching significant figures. The preliminary assessment indicates that the energy is at the scale of ~1.08 × 1010 kWh and related emissions of ~5.13 × 1012 gCO2eq when embedding for the envisaged 1.56 × 1010 vaccine doses. The cold supply chain is estimated to constitute 69.8% of energy consumption of the vaccination life cycle, with an interval of 26–99% depending on haul distance. A sustainable supply chain model that responds to an emergency arrangement, considering equality as well, should be emphasised to mitigate vaccination's environmental footprint. This effort plays a critical role in preparing for future pandemics, both environmentally and socially. Research in exploring sustainable single-use or reusable materials is also suggested to be a part of the plans. Diversified options could offer higher flexibility in mitigating environmental footprint even during the emergency and minimise the potential impact of material disruption or dependency.
Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Peng Jiang; Yee Van Fan; Awais Bokhari; Xue-Chao Wang. COVID-19 pandemics Stage II – Energy and environmental impacts of vaccination. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 150, 111400 -111400.
AMA StyleJiří Jaromír Klemeš, Peng Jiang, Yee Van Fan, Awais Bokhari, Xue-Chao Wang. COVID-19 pandemics Stage II – Energy and environmental impacts of vaccination. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 150 ():111400-111400.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiří Jaromír Klemeš; Peng Jiang; Yee Van Fan; Awais Bokhari; Xue-Chao Wang. 2021. "COVID-19 pandemics Stage II – Energy and environmental impacts of vaccination." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 150, no. : 111400-111400.
Resource recovery has an essential role in achieving sustainable development. This study aims to minimise the environmental footprint of biomass integration for energy recovery, where a wide range of biomass, including manure, residual and forest wood, are considered. The assessed case study is the Tomsk region in the Russian Federation, focusing on GHG (Greenhouse Gas) footprints (CO2, CH4, N2O). The adapted clustering-based method suggested that biomass integration, consisting of 16 districts, can be divided into three major clusters. The clusters could facilitate further resource planning, considering the land-use footprint of different energy generation. This study identified biomass integration design with minimum GHG footprint (origin of biomass and transportation) of - 217 kt CO2eq/y mainly contributed by the avoided methane from manure. Scenario 1, where the energy demand (3,723 TJ/y) is solely fulfilled by forest wood, contributes to 85.73 kt CO2eq/y. By limiting waste biomass (manure and residual) for local utilisation only (without integration), 60% higher GHG emission (- 90.2 kt CO2eq/y) is identified compared to the identified solution with a minimum GHG footprint. The environmental sustainability of bioenergy is highly dependent on the type of biomass, transporting activities, and heating value. It is crucial to evaluate case by case situation in substituting fossil-based energy or other renewable energy.
Yee Van Fan; Sergey Romanenko; Limei Gai; Ekaterina Kupressova; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Biomass Integration for Energy Recovery and Efficient Use of Resources: Tomsk Region. Energy 2021, 235, 121378 .
AMA StyleYee Van Fan, Sergey Romanenko, Limei Gai, Ekaterina Kupressova, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Biomass Integration for Energy Recovery and Efficient Use of Resources: Tomsk Region. Energy. 2021; 235 ():121378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYee Van Fan; Sergey Romanenko; Limei Gai; Ekaterina Kupressova; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. 2021. "Biomass Integration for Energy Recovery and Efficient Use of Resources: Tomsk Region." Energy 235, no. : 121378.
Cyanobacterial blooms under global warming are increasing worldwide, producing emerging contaminants, which threaten the health of human beings and aquatic ecosystems. The health burdens warrant the development of a useful risk-assessment tool and a holistic preventive-control scheme to prevent cyanobacterial blooms. This paper aims to integrate cyanobacterial risk assessment and risk preventive control by investigating the relationships amongst cyanobacterial blooms and multi-dimensional influencing variables. Two challenges hinder such a task. First, the time-series variations in cyanobacteria and influencing variables are uncertain and nonlinear. Second, there rarely exists an explicit modelling framework for integrating cyanobacterial risk assessment and risk preventive control. This study builds an extended Bayesian network model and proposes an integrated framework with functions of assessment, inference, preventive control, and visualisation of the risk of cyanobacterial blooms. Field data from a tropical lake are used to evaluate the model and framework. The proposed model achieves better performance than the seven models in comparison. The cyanobacterial risk is anticipated to increase by 38.5% under global warming. On the contrary, guided by the model and framework, the risk could be reduced by about 60% by taking the identified risk preventive control scheme. The cyanobacterial risk prevention would reduce aquatic emerging contaminants in drinking and recreational water sources.
Peng Jiang; Xiao Liu; Jingjie Zhang; Shu Harn Te; Karina Yew-Hoong Gin; Yee Van Fan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Christine A. Shoemaker. Cyanobacterial risk prevention under global warming using an extended Bayesian network. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 312, 127729 .
AMA StylePeng Jiang, Xiao Liu, Jingjie Zhang, Shu Harn Te, Karina Yew-Hoong Gin, Yee Van Fan, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Christine A. Shoemaker. Cyanobacterial risk prevention under global warming using an extended Bayesian network. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 312 ():127729.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng Jiang; Xiao Liu; Jingjie Zhang; Shu Harn Te; Karina Yew-Hoong Gin; Yee Van Fan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Christine A. Shoemaker. 2021. "Cyanobacterial risk prevention under global warming using an extended Bayesian network." Journal of Cleaner Production 312, no. : 127729.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has magnified the insufficient readiness of humans in dealing with such an unexpected occurrence. During the pandemic, sustainable development goals have been hindered severely. Various observations and lessons have been highlighted to emphasise local impacts on a single region or single sector, whilst the holistic and coupling impacts are rarely investigated. This study overviews the structural changes and spatial heterogeneities of changes in healthcare, energy and environment, and offers perspectives for the in-depth understanding of the COVID-19 impacts on the three sectors, in particular the cross-sections of them. Practical observations are summarised through the broad overview. A novel concept of the healthcare–energy–environment nexus under climate change constraints is proposed and discussed, to illustrate the relationships amongst the three sectors and further analyse the dynamics of the attention to healthcare, energy and environment in view of decision-makers. The society is still on the way to understanding the impacts of the whole episode of COVID-19 on healthcare, energy, environment and beyond. The raised nexus thinking could contribute to understanding the complicated COVID-19 impacts and guiding sustainable future planning.
Peng Jiang; Jiří Klemeš; Yee Fan; Xiuju Fu; Yong Bee. More is Not Enough: A Deeper Understanding of the COVID-19 Impacts on Healthcare, Energy and Environment is Crucial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 684 .
AMA StylePeng Jiang, Jiří Klemeš, Yee Fan, Xiuju Fu, Yong Bee. More is Not Enough: A Deeper Understanding of the COVID-19 Impacts on Healthcare, Energy and Environment is Crucial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):684.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng Jiang; Jiří Klemeš; Yee Fan; Xiuju Fu; Yong Bee. 2021. "More is Not Enough: A Deeper Understanding of the COVID-19 Impacts on Healthcare, Energy and Environment is Crucial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 684.
Heat pumps are the key technology to decarbonise thermal processes by upgrading industrial surplus heat using renewable electricity. Existing insight-based integration methods refer to the idealised Grand Composite Curve requiring the full exploitation of heat recovery potential but leave the question of how to deal with technical or economic limitations unanswered. In this work, a novel Heat Pump Bridge Analysis (HPBA) is introduced for practically targeting technical and economic heat pump potential by applying Coefficient of Performance curves into the Modified Energy Transfer Diagram (METD). Removing cross-Pinch violations and operating heat exchangers at minimum approach temperatures by combined application of Bridge Analysis increases the heat recovery rate and reduce the temperature lift to be pumped at the same time. The insight-based METD allows the individual matching of heat surpluses and deficits of individual streams with the capabilities and performance of different market-available heat pump concepts. For an illustrative example, the presented modifications based on HPBA increase the economically viable share of the technical heat pump potential from 61% to 79%.
Florian Schlosser; Heinrich Wiebe; Timothy G. Walmsley; Martin J. Atkins; Michael R. W. Walmsley; Jens Hesselbach. Heat Pump Bridge Analysis Using the Modified Energy Transfer Diagram. Energies 2020, 14, 137 .
AMA StyleFlorian Schlosser, Heinrich Wiebe, Timothy G. Walmsley, Martin J. Atkins, Michael R. W. Walmsley, Jens Hesselbach. Heat Pump Bridge Analysis Using the Modified Energy Transfer Diagram. Energies. 2020; 14 (1):137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlorian Schlosser; Heinrich Wiebe; Timothy G. Walmsley; Martin J. Atkins; Michael R. W. Walmsley; Jens Hesselbach. 2020. "Heat Pump Bridge Analysis Using the Modified Energy Transfer Diagram." Energies 14, no. 1: 137.
The paper presents an extension of Pinch Analysis and namely, Total Site Process Integration. It benefits from up to date developments and introduction of Total EcoSite Integration for urban and industrial symbiosis. An important development is Pinch Analysis for Solid Waste Integration which is a crucial step for the symbiosis in a circular economy. As the potential EcoSites are usually extensive and cover various units, a methodology based on clusters has been used. The solution has been supported by graphical tools using the analogy with already implemented extensions of Pinch Analysis. The results of a demonstration case study revealed the potential of the novel approach. The identified integrated design increased the energy recovered from the solid waste by 11.39 MWh/d and diverted 2 t/d of the waste from the landfill, benefiting both the urban and industrial site. The proposed approach is also capable of minimising the requirement of energy-intensive thermal drying for waste whenever the process allowed, subsequently offer a solution with lower environmental footprint and cost. For future work, a even more comprehensive case study can be conducted by considering the other forms of the waste, recovery process and drying approaches.
Yee Van Fan; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Sergey Vladimirovich Romanenko. Urban and industrial symbiosis for circular economy: Total EcoSite Integration. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 279, 111829 .
AMA StyleYee Van Fan, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sergey Vladimirovich Romanenko. Urban and industrial symbiosis for circular economy: Total EcoSite Integration. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 279 ():111829.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYee Van Fan; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Sergey Vladimirovich Romanenko. 2020. "Urban and industrial symbiosis for circular economy: Total EcoSite Integration." Journal of Environmental Management 279, no. : 111829.
Heat pumps powered by renewable electricity have a significant potential to become a critical technology to disruptively decarbonize industry. An essential step towards this goal is the development of an accurate understanding and model of how heat pumps in large-scale implementations perform in terms of economics, energy, and the environment. In this study, the influence of system design and operating conditions on the coefficient of performance (COP) of large-scale (>50 kWth) electric driven mechanical compression heat pumps is reviewed. The review underscores the knowledge gap on the capabilities of large-scale heat pumps, especially the lack of simple mathematical COP-models based on real-world data. Developing and transferring a reliable COP-model and a comprehensive overview on capabilities of market available heat pumps to academics and practitioners (e.g. research engineers, energy-managers and consultants) can close this knowledge gap. Therefore, this study assembles a comprehensive dataset for the system configuration and performance of 33 large-scale heat pumps from 11 different manufacturers and addresses three main objectives: (1) Classifying and evaluating the capabilities of market available heat pumps. (2) Modelling the correlation between the COP and the operating conditions. (3) Developing an economic and ecological evaluation method for a heat pump project. Applying the developed models to accurately assess real-world performance and build a sound business case for large-scale heat pumps has the potential to accelerate the uptake of renewable energy and help improve overall environmental sustainability.
Mateo Jesper; Florian Schlosser; Felix Pag; Timothy Gordon Walmsley; Bastian Schmitt; Klaus Vajen. Large-scale heat pumps: Uptake and performance modelling of market-available devices. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2020, 137, 110646 .
AMA StyleMateo Jesper, Florian Schlosser, Felix Pag, Timothy Gordon Walmsley, Bastian Schmitt, Klaus Vajen. Large-scale heat pumps: Uptake and performance modelling of market-available devices. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2020; 137 ():110646.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMateo Jesper; Florian Schlosser; Felix Pag; Timothy Gordon Walmsley; Bastian Schmitt; Klaus Vajen. 2020. "Large-scale heat pumps: Uptake and performance modelling of market-available devices." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 137, no. : 110646.
The building of new waste treatment plants has not been closely following the Circular Economy (CE) hierarchy, and the incurred cost and social acceptance have been challenging. Integrated regional waste management by waste trading can offer the sharing of resources to achieve a mutually beneficial system in CE transition. This study aims to minimise the environmental footprints, with the consideration of economic feasibility, in integrated regional waste management by developing an extended Pinch Analysis-based targeting method. The proposed graphical decision-support method is applied to a case study where the waste trading amongst Central Europe (Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, and Slovakia) is considered. A monthly waste trading network is identified with Germany, and Austria serves as the country with a surplus of waste treatment capacity. The pessimistic estimation indicated that the GHG emission of the waste trading design is 0.311 t CO2eq/t of waste, where the GHG emission of 1 t waste is reduced by 20 kg – 30 kg compared to the baseline scenario. The assessment suggested that when the amount of waste to be transported by lorry is >5 t and the transport distance to the incineration plant compared to the landfill is less than ~500 – 940 km, waste trading for recovery offers a lower net GHG emission. However, to prevent pollution haven and to consider the economic feasibility, the landfill fees have to be increased significantly. The developed method can identify integrated waste management network for different levels of administrative division to minimise environmental footprints.
Yee Van Fan; Peng Jiang; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Peng Yen Liew; Chew Tin Lee. Integrated regional waste management to minimise the environmental footprints in circular economy transition. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2020, 168, 105292 .
AMA StyleYee Van Fan, Peng Jiang, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Peng Yen Liew, Chew Tin Lee. Integrated regional waste management to minimise the environmental footprints in circular economy transition. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2020; 168 ():105292.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYee Van Fan; Peng Jiang; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Peng Yen Liew; Chew Tin Lee. 2020. "Integrated regional waste management to minimise the environmental footprints in circular economy transition." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 168, no. : 105292.
There is increasing pressure for industrial sites to minimise energy consumption. A long-term energy reduction strategy plays a critical role in realising energy savings. A key exchange mechanism of energy for sites is the heat exchanger network, which can be revamped and retrofitted to lift process energy efficiency. Retrofit analysis of heat exchanger networks commonly looks for a modified design that could provide significant energy savings for a comparatively modest investment but rarely does the analysis consider how retrofit projects can be sequenced as part of an energy retrofit plan while staying with capital investment constraints. The challenge in developing a long-term plan is the identification of projects and their ideal order out of the numerous possible combinations. This paper aims at developing an energy retrofit planning tool by performing a multi-stage retrofit analysis based on the automated retrofit targeting algorithm used to search for retrofit designs. The key output of the energy retrofit planning analysis is several sets of retrofit plans that can be further analysed for case-specific practicality (e.g., space, distance, and fluid compatibility) and developed into an energy retrofit plan, forming a part of a company’s overall energy strategy. The method is demonstrated using two industrial case studies with complex features and room for multiple sets of retrofit modifications. For the petrochemical complex case study, the study concludes that a 4-stage retrofit plan could be undertaken under a strategic investment plan that in total requires 11 modifications to the system, which generates 1.47 million EUR in annual profit with a payback of 1.75 years.
Nathan S. Lal; Timothy G. Walmsley; Martin J. Atkins; Michael R. W. Walmsley. Industrial Energy Retrofit Planning Using Automated Retrofit Targeting. Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability 2020, 5, 75 -98.
AMA StyleNathan S. Lal, Timothy G. Walmsley, Martin J. Atkins, Michael R. W. Walmsley. Industrial Energy Retrofit Planning Using Automated Retrofit Targeting. Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability. 2020; 5 (1):75-98.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNathan S. Lal; Timothy G. Walmsley; Martin J. Atkins; Michael R. W. Walmsley. 2020. "Industrial Energy Retrofit Planning Using Automated Retrofit Targeting." Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability 5, no. 1: 75-98.
Water use within power supply chains has been frequently investigated. A unified framework to quantify the water use of power supply chains deserves more development. This article provides an overview of the water footprint and virtual water incorporated into power supply chains. A water-use mapping model of the power supply chain is proposed in order to map the analysed research works according to the considered aspects. The distribution of water footprint per power generation technology per region is illustrated, in which Asia is characterised by the largest variation of the water footprint in hydro-, solar, and wind power. A broader consensus on the system boundary for the water footprint evaluation is needed. The review also concludes that the water footprint of power estimated by a top-down approach is usually higher and more accurate. A consistent virtual water accounting framework for power supply chains is still lacking. Water scarcity risks could increase through domestic and global power trade. This review provides policymakers with insights on integrating water and energy resources in order to achieve sustainable development for power supply chains. For future work, it is essential to identify the responsibilities of both the supply and demand sides to alleviate the water stress.
Like Wang; Yee Van Fan; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Water Footprints and Virtual Water Flows Embodied in the Power Supply Chain. Water 2020, 12, 3006 .
AMA StyleLike Wang, Yee Van Fan, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Water Footprints and Virtual Water Flows Embodied in the Power Supply Chain. Water. 2020; 12 (11):3006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLike Wang; Yee Van Fan; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. 2020. "Water Footprints and Virtual Water Flows Embodied in the Power Supply Chain." Water 12, no. 11: 3006.
Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Yee Van Fan; Peng Jiang. COVID ‐19 pandemic facilitating energy transition opportunities. International Journal of Energy Research 2020, 45, 3457 -3463.
AMA StyleJiří Jaromír Klemeš, Yee Van Fan, Peng Jiang. COVID ‐19 pandemic facilitating energy transition opportunities. International Journal of Energy Research. 2020; 45 (3):3457-3463.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiří Jaromír Klemeš; Yee Van Fan; Peng Jiang. 2020. "COVID ‐19 pandemic facilitating energy transition opportunities." International Journal of Energy Research 45, no. 3: 3457-3463.
There is a growing awareness of the need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and the inevitable depletion of fossil fuel. With the market pull for the growth in sustainable and renewable alternative energy, the challenge is to develop cost-effective, large-scale renewable energy alternatives for all energy sectors, of which transport fuels are one significant area. This work presents a summary of novel methods for integrating kraft mills with a hydrothermal liquefaction process. The application of these methods has resulted in a proposed kraft mill-integrated design that produces a liquid fuel and could provide net mitigation of 64.6 kg CO2-e/GJ, compared to conventional petrol and diesel fuels, at a minimum fuel selling price of 1.12–1.38 NZD/LGE of fuel, based on the case study. This paper concludes that a hydrothermal liquefaction process with product upgrading has promising economic potential and environmental benefits that are significantly amplified by integrating with an existing kraft mill. At the current global kraft pulp production rate, if each kraft mill transforms into a biorefinery based on hydrothermal liquefaction, the biofuel production is an estimated 290 Mt (9.9 EJ).
Benjamin H. Y. Ong; Timothy G. Walmsley; Martin J. Atkins; Michael R. W. Walmsley. A Kraft Mill-Integrated Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Liquid Fuel Co-Production. Processes 2020, 8, 1216 .
AMA StyleBenjamin H. Y. Ong, Timothy G. Walmsley, Martin J. Atkins, Michael R. W. Walmsley. A Kraft Mill-Integrated Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Liquid Fuel Co-Production. Processes. 2020; 8 (10):1216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenjamin H. Y. Ong; Timothy G. Walmsley; Martin J. Atkins; Michael R. W. Walmsley. 2020. "A Kraft Mill-Integrated Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Liquid Fuel Co-Production." Processes 8, no. 10: 1216.
Household waste segregation and recycling is ranked at a high priority of the waste management hierarchy. Its management remains a great challenge due to the high dependency on social behaviours. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and subscription accounts on social media platforms related to household waste management could be an effective and environmentally friendly publicity approach than traditional publicity via posters and newspapers. However, there is a paucity of literature on measuring social media publicity in household waste management, which brings challenges for practitioners to characterise and improve this publicity pathway. In this study, under an integrated framework, data mining approaches are employed or extended for multidimensional publicity analytics using the data of online footprints of propagandist and users. A real-world case study based on a subscription account on the WeChat platform, Shanghai Green Account, is analysed to reveal useful insights for personalised improvements of household waste management. This study suggests that the current publicity related to household waste management leans towards propagandist-centred in both timing and topic dimensions. The identified timing, which has high user engagement, is 12:00–13:00 and 21:00–22:00 on Thursday. The overall relative publicity quality of historical posts is calculated as 0.95. Average user engagement under the macro policy in Shanghai was elevated by 138.5% from 2018 to 2019, during which the collections of biodegradable food waste and recyclable waste were elevated by 88.8% and 431.8%. Intelligent decision support by publicity analytics could enhance household waste management through effective communication.
Peng Jiang; Yee Van Fan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Data analytics of social media publicity to enhance household waste management. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2020, 164, 105146 -105146.
AMA StylePeng Jiang, Yee Van Fan, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Data analytics of social media publicity to enhance household waste management. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2020; 164 ():105146-105146.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng Jiang; Yee Van Fan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. 2020. "Data analytics of social media publicity to enhance household waste management." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 164, no. : 105146-105146.
COVID-19 has been sweeping the world. The overall number of infected persons has been increased from 5 M in March 2020 to over 22 M in August 2020 and growing, which seems not to get its peak at the current stage. This has contributed to waste generation and different phases of challenges in waste management practices. The impacts including change in waste amount, composition, timing/frequency (temporal), distribution (spatial) and risk, which affects the handling and treatment practices. Recent impacts, challenges and developments on waste management in the response of COVID-19 have been assessed in this update. Singapore, the cities of Shanghai in China and Brno in the Czech Republic (a member state of the European Union), representing different pandemic development situation and also various cultural attitudes, are specifically analysed and discussed with current data. However, it should be noted that it is still fast developing. A varying trend in term of the waste amount is identified. Shanghai is showing a ~23% decline in household waste amount; however, Singapore is showing a ~3% increase, and Brno is showing a ~1% increase in household waste amount but ~40% decline in business and industrial waste. Manual sorting and recycling have been reported as restricted due to safety precaution. This is supported by the interview communication with ZEVO SAKO (the largest incineration plant in the Czech Republic). This study highlighted that the practices or measures at each place could serve as a guideline and reference. However, adaption is required according to the geographical and socioeconomic factors.
Yee Van Fan; Peng Jiang; Milan Hemzal; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. An update of COVID-19 influence on waste management. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 754, 142014 -142014.
AMA StyleYee Van Fan, Peng Jiang, Milan Hemzal, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. An update of COVID-19 influence on waste management. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 754 ():142014-142014.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYee Van Fan; Peng Jiang; Milan Hemzal; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. 2020. "An update of COVID-19 influence on waste management." Science of The Total Environment 754, no. : 142014-142014.
Energy is a fundamental element supporting societal development, particularly with the increasing dependency on the Internet of Things. It is also the main contributor to environmental impacts and subsequently, a potential sector for mitigation. Sustainable energy system design considers energy savings and energy efficiency, waste and consumption reduction, process efficiency enhancement, waste heat recovery, and integration of renewable energy. Emerging tools range from advanced Process Integration, modelling, simulation, and optimisation, to system analysis and assessment. This review covers selected emerging studies promoting sustainable system design, including the recent developments reported in the Special Issue (SI) of the 22nd Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction (PRES’19). The primary emphasis was to enhance the economic and environmental performance. However, social factors were also highlighted as essential for future sustainable development. The discussion and analysis in this review focus on the most recent developments of (a) heat integration and heat transfer; (b) integrated and newly developed heat exchangers, (c) integration of renewables, and (d) roles in economic and environmental sustainability. The key results are highlighted, and future research ideas are suggested according to their links to a broader context.
Yee Van Fan; Zorka Novak Pintarič; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Emerging Tools for Energy System Design Increasing Economic and Environmental Sustainability. Energies 2020, 13, 4062 .
AMA StyleYee Van Fan, Zorka Novak Pintarič, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Emerging Tools for Energy System Design Increasing Economic and Environmental Sustainability. Energies. 2020; 13 (16):4062.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYee Van Fan; Zorka Novak Pintarič; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. 2020. "Emerging Tools for Energy System Design Increasing Economic and Environmental Sustainability." Energies 13, no. 16: 4062.
The plastics are becoming one of the most discussed topics in media and research. They have been branded sometimes as evil, which has to be replaced, in some cases at any cost. However, an equitable analysis and assessment are needed comparing all pros and cons based on environmental footprints quantification with a complete life cycle assessment. These should include assessment of possible health risks, consumed energy, released emissions and effluents, as well as consumption of raw materials, water and dealing with the wastewater. The assessment of recyclability, reprocessing and environmental burden of disposal phases are also needed. This presented work tends to contribute to the discussion of what recommendations should be developed to the industry and business to minimize the environmental impacts. A novel Plastic Waste Footprint is proposed to understand the net potential impacts of plastic and to facilitate the decision making for plastic replacement. This study highlighted that plastic could be a friend if the Circular Economy (CE) is appropriately followed. Reduction (refrain, redesign/reduce, reuse, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurpose), recycle and recovery (no leaking into the ocean or other streams) play the decisive roles to minimize and recover the embodied energy, promoting sustainable plastic values chain. Policy to regulate/encourage manufacturers toward sustainable practice (taxation, end of life collection, an incentive of using secondary raw materials) and education (refrain, reuse, separation and recycle) on the potential users are important from not evolving the plastic from friend with high functionality to foe.
Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Yee Van Fan; Peng Jiang. Plastics: friends or foes? The circularity and plastic waste footprint. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 2020, 43, 1549 -1565.
AMA StyleJiří Jaromír Klemeš, Yee Van Fan, Peng Jiang. Plastics: friends or foes? The circularity and plastic waste footprint. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. 2020; 43 (13):1549-1565.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiří Jaromír Klemeš; Yee Van Fan; Peng Jiang. 2020. "Plastics: friends or foes? The circularity and plastic waste footprint." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 43, no. 13: 1549-1565.
The sustainability of bioenergy is varying on a case‐by‐case basis. It considerably depends on the source of biomass, management practices (plantation, harvesting, conversion technologies, supply chain, etc.) as well as the assessment boundary and assumptions. This study summarises the carbon emissions footprint (CF) flow of bioenergy by considering the possible sources and system boundary, particularly on the CF of biogenic carbon and secondary effects. The assessment framework has been applied to a demonstrated case study identifying the upper limits of global warming potential of biogenic carbon emission (GWPbio) and secondary effects contribution where the bioenergy is still superior to the coal, natural gas and gasoline. The circumstances where the other energy source alternatives could have a lower CF than bioenergy are highlighted. For example, coal and natural gas are the selection (lower CF) if the bioelectricity is subjected to the GWPbio higher than 0.57‐0.74 and 0.18‐0.34. CF of bioheat is higher than the heat generated by natural gas when the GWPbio is more than 0.04‐0.40. Gasoline is the selection when the GWPbio of biofuel is higher than 0.12‐0.42. The validity of carbon neutrality assumption of bioenergy possesses a more decisive role in the overall selection of bioenergy compared to the assessed secondary effects such as soil organic carbon changes. This study emphasises the importance of a rigorous CF accounting for bioenergy to support the equitable decision making. Novelty Statement The novel contributions of this study are: Summarising of the direct and secondary (soil organic carbon changes ‐ above and belowground, biochar application) effects in accounting the CF for a comprehensive assessment framework. Identifying the CF, integrated with biogenic and non‐biogenic accounting, of bioenergy from energy crops and waste/residual. Comparing the identified CF of bioenergy to the other energy alternatives (fossil‐based).
Yee Van Fan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Chun Han Ko. Bioenergy carbon emissions footprint considering the biogenic carbon and secondary effects. International Journal of Energy Research 2020, 45, 283 -296.
AMA StyleYee Van Fan, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Chun Han Ko. Bioenergy carbon emissions footprint considering the biogenic carbon and secondary effects. International Journal of Energy Research. 2020; 45 (1):283-296.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYee Van Fan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Chun Han Ko. 2020. "Bioenergy carbon emissions footprint considering the biogenic carbon and secondary effects." International Journal of Energy Research 45, no. 1: 283-296.
Bioenergy is one of the alternatives to secure energy demand, despite increasing debate on the sustainability of using bioenergy as a renewable source. As the source is disseminated over a large area and affected by seasonality, the potential benefit is highly dependent on other cost and benefit trade-offs along the supply chain. This review paper aims to assess operational management research methods used in biofuel supply chain planning, including both upstream production and international downstream trading. There have been considerable operational management studies done on upstream processes in biofuel production based on different strategic and tactical decision making of a single or multiple feedstocks, considering economic and environmental factor. However, the environmental consideration is often limited to carbon emission where the other environmental impact such as land-use change, biodiversity loss, irrigation and fertilisation are often being overlooked. Biofuel supply chain and trading at international level remain as an apparent research potential where only limited numbers of global energy models explicitly simulate international bioenergy trade. The leading biofuel producing countries in Southeast Asia: Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand, are selected as a case study to investigate further on how the supply chain management model could be applied considering the existing biofuel support policies. This study is expected to contribute to the selection of operational management research methods used for decision making under robust policy context, followed by several recommendations.
Hoo Poh Ying; Cassendra Bong Phun Chien; Fan Yee Van. Operational Management Implemented in Biofuel Upstream Supply Chain and Downstream International Trading: Current Issues in Southeast Asia. Energies 2020, 13, 1799 .
AMA StyleHoo Poh Ying, Cassendra Bong Phun Chien, Fan Yee Van. Operational Management Implemented in Biofuel Upstream Supply Chain and Downstream International Trading: Current Issues in Southeast Asia. Energies. 2020; 13 (7):1799.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHoo Poh Ying; Cassendra Bong Phun Chien; Fan Yee Van. 2020. "Operational Management Implemented in Biofuel Upstream Supply Chain and Downstream International Trading: Current Issues in Southeast Asia." Energies 13, no. 7: 1799.