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The COVID-19 pandemic developed the severest public health event in recent history. The first stage for defence has already been documented. This paper moves forward to contribute to the second stage for offensive by assessing the energy and environmental impacts related to vaccination. The vaccination campaign is a multidisciplinary topic incorporating policies, population behaviour, planning, manufacturing, materials supporting, cold-chain logistics and waste treatment. The vaccination for pandemic control in the current phase is prioritised over other decisions, including energy and environmental issues. This study documents that vaccination should be implemented in maximum sustainable ways. The energy and related emissions of a single vaccination are not massive; however, the vast numbers related to the worldwide production, logistics, disinfection, implementation and waste treatment are reaching significant figures. The preliminary assessment indicates that the energy is at the scale of ~1.08 × 1010 kWh and related emissions of ~5.13 × 1012 gCO2eq when embedding for the envisaged 1.56 × 1010 vaccine doses. The cold supply chain is estimated to constitute 69.8% of energy consumption of the vaccination life cycle, with an interval of 26–99% depending on haul distance. A sustainable supply chain model that responds to an emergency arrangement, considering equality as well, should be emphasised to mitigate vaccination's environmental footprint. This effort plays a critical role in preparing for future pandemics, both environmentally and socially. Research in exploring sustainable single-use or reusable materials is also suggested to be a part of the plans. Diversified options could offer higher flexibility in mitigating environmental footprint even during the emergency and minimise the potential impact of material disruption or dependency.
Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Peng Jiang; Yee Van Fan; Awais Bokhari; Xue-Chao Wang. COVID-19 pandemics Stage II – Energy and environmental impacts of vaccination. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 150, 111400 -111400.
AMA StyleJiří Jaromír Klemeš, Peng Jiang, Yee Van Fan, Awais Bokhari, Xue-Chao Wang. COVID-19 pandemics Stage II – Energy and environmental impacts of vaccination. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 150 ():111400-111400.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiří Jaromír Klemeš; Peng Jiang; Yee Van Fan; Awais Bokhari; Xue-Chao Wang. 2021. "COVID-19 pandemics Stage II – Energy and environmental impacts of vaccination." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 150, no. : 111400-111400.
Compost leachate (CL) is often treated as sewage. Limited studies have characterised the use of CL for agriculture application due to the variation of nutrient range, potential pollutants and need for pretreatment before use. This paper reviewed the characteristics of CL in terms of its nutrients and physical characteristics from three types of biowastes, i.e. the organic portion of municipal solid waste (OP-MSW), animal manure and green waste. The nutrient range characterised are used to develop the dilution rate of the CL as fertigation water for three types of vegetables. The dilution rate of CL developed is based on the fertigation standards set by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Malaysia Standards. The results show that all CL contain high organic content and micronutrients, which exceeded the upper limits. For the fertigation of vegetables using the CL, based on the requirement of COD and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr) of the vegetables, the CL from green waste required the lowest dilution rate (8–45 fold), followed by animal waste (33–65 fold) and the OP-MSW (193–1770 fold). The novel dilution range developed is vital to balance the essential nutrients in the CL while avoiding phototoxicity on plant and soil pollution. The dilution strategy developed is essential to support the conversion of CL as an organic liquid fertiliser for agricultural application.
Nur Farzana Binti Ahamad Sanadi; Norahim Ibrahim; Pei Ying Ong; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Chunjie Li; Chew Tin Lee. Dilution rate of compost leachate from different biowaste for the fertigation of vegetables. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 295, 113010 .
AMA StyleNur Farzana Binti Ahamad Sanadi, Norahim Ibrahim, Pei Ying Ong, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Chunjie Li, Chew Tin Lee. Dilution rate of compost leachate from different biowaste for the fertigation of vegetables. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 295 ():113010.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNur Farzana Binti Ahamad Sanadi; Norahim Ibrahim; Pei Ying Ong; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Chunjie Li; Chew Tin Lee. 2021. "Dilution rate of compost leachate from different biowaste for the fertigation of vegetables." Journal of Environmental Management 295, no. : 113010.
Vaccination now offers a way to resolve the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is critical to recognise the full energy, environmental, economic and social equity (4E) impacts of the vaccination life cycle. The full 4E impacts include the design and trials, order management, material preparation, manufacturing, cold chain logistics, low-temperature storage, crowd management and end-of-life waste management. A life cycle perspective is necessary for sustainable vaccination management because a prolonged immunisation campaign for COVID-19 is likely. The impacts are geographically dispersed across sectors and regions, creating real and virtual 4E footprints that occur at different timescales. Decision-makers in industry and governments have to act, unify, resolve, and work together to implement more sustainable COVID-19 vaccination management globally and locally to minimise the 4E footprints. Potential practices include using renewable energy in production, storage, transportation and waste treatment, using better product design for packaging, using the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data analytics for better logistics, using real-time database management for better tracking of deliveries and public vaccination programmes, and using coordination platforms for more equitable vaccine access. These practices raise global challenges but suggest solutions with a 4E perspective, which could mitigate the impacts of global vaccination campaigns and prepare sustainably for future pandemics and global warming.
Peng Jiang; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Yee Van Fan; Xiuju Fu; Raymond R. Tan; Siming You; Aoife M. Foley. Energy, environmental, economic and social equity (4E) pressures of COVID-19 vaccination mismanagement: A global perspective. Energy 2021, 235, 121315 -121315.
AMA StylePeng Jiang, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Yee Van Fan, Xiuju Fu, Raymond R. Tan, Siming You, Aoife M. Foley. Energy, environmental, economic and social equity (4E) pressures of COVID-19 vaccination mismanagement: A global perspective. Energy. 2021; 235 ():121315-121315.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng Jiang; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Yee Van Fan; Xiuju Fu; Raymond R. Tan; Siming You; Aoife M. Foley. 2021. "Energy, environmental, economic and social equity (4E) pressures of COVID-19 vaccination mismanagement: A global perspective." Energy 235, no. : 121315-121315.
The first known case of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in December 2019. It has spread worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic, imposed restrictions and costs to many countries. Predicting the number of new cases and deaths during this period can be a useful step in predicting the costs and facilities required in the future. The purpose of this study is to predict new cases and deaths rate one, three and seven-day ahead during the next 100 days. The motivation for predicting every n days (instead of just every day) is the investigation of the possibility of computational cost reduction and still achieving reasonable performance. Such a scenario may be encountered in real-time forecasting of time series. Six different deep learning methods are examined on the data adopted from the WHO website. Three methods are LSTM, Convolutional LSTM, and GRU. The bidirectional extension is then considered for each method to forecast the rate of new cases and new deaths in Australia and Iran countries. This study is novel as it carries out a comprehensive evaluation of the aforementioned three deep learning methods and their bidirectional extensions to perform prediction on COVID-19 new cases and new death rate time series. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that Bi-GRU and Bi-Conv-LSTM models are used for prediction on COVID-19 new cases and new deaths time series. The evaluation of the methods is presented in the form of graphs and Friedman statistical test. The results show that the bidirectional models have lower errors than other models. A several error evaluation metrics are presented to compare all models, and finally, the superiority of bidirectional methods is determined. This research could be useful for organisations working against COVID-19 and determining their long-term plans.
Nooshin Ayoobi; Danial Sharifrazi; Roohallah Alizadehsani; Afshin Shoeibi; Juan M. Gorriz; Hossein Moosaei; Abbas Khosravi; Saeid Nahavandi; Abdoulmohammad Gholamzadeh Chofreh; Feybi Ariani Goni; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Amir Mosavi. Time Series Forecasting of New Cases and New Deaths Rate for COVID-19 using Deep Learning Methods. Results in Physics 2021, 27, 104495 -104495.
AMA StyleNooshin Ayoobi, Danial Sharifrazi, Roohallah Alizadehsani, Afshin Shoeibi, Juan M. Gorriz, Hossein Moosaei, Abbas Khosravi, Saeid Nahavandi, Abdoulmohammad Gholamzadeh Chofreh, Feybi Ariani Goni, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Amir Mosavi. Time Series Forecasting of New Cases and New Deaths Rate for COVID-19 using Deep Learning Methods. Results in Physics. 2021; 27 ():104495-104495.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNooshin Ayoobi; Danial Sharifrazi; Roohallah Alizadehsani; Afshin Shoeibi; Juan M. Gorriz; Hossein Moosaei; Abbas Khosravi; Saeid Nahavandi; Abdoulmohammad Gholamzadeh Chofreh; Feybi Ariani Goni; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Amir Mosavi. 2021. "Time Series Forecasting of New Cases and New Deaths Rate for COVID-19 using Deep Learning Methods." Results in Physics 27, no. : 104495-104495.
The article discusses the current state-of-the-art in the tin industry and the prospects of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The evaluation is performed in terms of the development of domestic tin production for the growing global demand and the development of the domestic high-tech industry. The study includes the main domestic sources of the raw material base of the tin, which includes mineral raw materials, anthropogenic and secondary waste. Since the most important for the contemporary tin industry are mineral raw materials, the possibility of complex processing of ore from the Syrymbet deposit was studied. Based on the results of the studies performed, it was found that the mineral tin-containing raw materials of the Syrymbet deposit, in addition to cassiterite, also contain acid-soluble tin-containing minerals (stannin, etc.). At the stage of gravity concentration, the most efficient extraction performance of tin into concentrate was found for the gravity separator – amounting to 34.2%. At the leaching stage, the most efficient extraction of tin (1,543 μg/L) showed an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid with a concentration of 100 g/L, at a temperature of 45 °C.
R.V. Sapinov; specialty " – Doctoral student PhD 3 course; N.A. Kulenova; M.A. Sadenova; P.S. Varbanov; J.J. Klemeš; Metallurgy". State and prospects of processing tin-containing raw materials in Kazakhstan. Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 2021, 317, 37 -45.
AMA StyleR.V. Sapinov, specialty " – Doctoral student PhD 3 course, N.A. Kulenova, M.A. Sadenova, P.S. Varbanov, J.J. Klemeš, Metallurgy". State and prospects of processing tin-containing raw materials in Kazakhstan. Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu. 2021; 317 (2):37-45.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR.V. Sapinov; specialty " – Doctoral student PhD 3 course; N.A. Kulenova; M.A. Sadenova; P.S. Varbanov; J.J. Klemeš; Metallurgy". 2021. "State and prospects of processing tin-containing raw materials in Kazakhstan." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 317, no. 2: 37-45.
Presence of salt increases the system complexity of multi-phase oil-contaminated soil. The coastal area of Tianjin, China, is a representative zone full of oil-contaminated soil with salt. By considering initial water content, oil content and dry density, this paper focuses on soil-water reaction and mechanical strength to investigate effect of salt on oil-contaminated soil. Application prospect of solidified oil-contaminated saline soil is also analysed. Results indicate that there is a reverse moisture absorption competition between oil and salt, and the liquid limit and plasticity index of the oil-contaminated soil with salt are lower than those without salt. Salt increases the water repellency and leads to a higher water content of low-density soil in the desorption process. The soil-water characteristic curve of the oil-contaminated soil increases in a quadratic-parabola under the salt saturation and supersaturation. With salt, the curves of the maximum dry density and the optimal water content show poor symmetrical distributions. When the oil content is more than 8%, salt on the strength of oil-contaminated soil shows a significant effect. Based on solidification of lime and fly ash, the strength of oil-contaminated soil with salt increases by 17.9-5.7 times, which meets requirements for engineering applications (like subgrade filler). It is concluded that solidification is an effective treatment to clean contamination for oil-contaminated soil with salt.
Min Li; Hemiao Yu; Dan Zheng; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Jin Wang. Effects of salt and solidification treatment on the oil-contaminated soil: A case study in the coastal region of Tianjin, China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 312, 127619 .
AMA StyleMin Li, Hemiao Yu, Dan Zheng, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Jin Wang. Effects of salt and solidification treatment on the oil-contaminated soil: A case study in the coastal region of Tianjin, China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 312 ():127619.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMin Li; Hemiao Yu; Dan Zheng; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Jin Wang. 2021. "Effects of salt and solidification treatment on the oil-contaminated soil: A case study in the coastal region of Tianjin, China." Journal of Cleaner Production 312, no. : 127619.
This work addresses the internal and Total Site Water Network design with water mains. A Material Recovery Pinch Diagram is used for freshwater targeting and a Water Integration Network design with a water main framework, and a mathematical model is formulated for total cost optimization. The Pinch-based method can target an optimum number of water mains, flow rates, and concentrations in the water mains, which can achieve the identified freshwater target. The proposed method can be used for both single and multiple contaminants and applied on both process and total site scales. Two case studies are used to illustrate the application procedure of the proposed method for single- and multiple-contaminant cases. The case study results showed that the optimum number of water mains is three in both single-contaminant and multiple-contaminant Total Site Water Network designs (excluding freshwater and wastewater mains). In the single-contaminant case, the water network of internal integration with three water mains can achieve a total annual cost reduction of 82% compared to direct Water Integration and a total annual cost of 42% in the multiple-contaminant case. The proposed method is beneficial as it provides a graphical interface for the water main targeting and design, and the mathematical optimization enables the selection of optimum options with a minimum cost. To pursue a more accurate design, water piping cost based on real plant locations should be incorporated in future studies.
Hon Huin Chin; Xuexiu Jia; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Zhi-Yong Liu. Internal and Total Site Water Network Design with Water Mains Using Pinch-Based and Optimization Approaches. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2021, 9, 6639 -6658.
AMA StyleHon Huin Chin, Xuexiu Jia, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Zhi-Yong Liu. Internal and Total Site Water Network Design with Water Mains Using Pinch-Based and Optimization Approaches. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2021; 9 (19):6639-6658.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHon Huin Chin; Xuexiu Jia; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Zhi-Yong Liu. 2021. "Internal and Total Site Water Network Design with Water Mains Using Pinch-Based and Optimization Approaches." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, no. 19: 6639-6658.
Heat storage with thermochemical (TC) materials is a promising technology for solar energy storage. In this paper, a solar-driven desiccant evaporative cooling (DEC) system for air-conditioning is proposed, which converts solar heat energy into cooling with built-in daily storage. The system utilises thermochemical heat storage along with the DEC technology in a unique way. Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2·6H2O) has been used, which serves as both a desiccant and a thermochemical heat storage medium. The system has been designed for the subtropical climate of Lahore, Pakistan, for a bedroom with 8 h of cooling requirements during the night. MATLAB has been employed for modelling the system. The simulation results show that 57 kg of magnesium chloride is sufficient to meet 98.8% of cooling demand for the entire month of July at an elevated cooling requirement. It was found that the cooling output of the system increased with increasing heat exchanger effectiveness. The heat exchangers’ effectiveness was increased from 0.7 to 0.8, with the solar fraction increased from 70.4% to 82.44%. The cooled air supplied to the building meets the fresh air requirements for proper ventilation.
Fahid Riaz; Muhammad Qyyum; Awais Bokhari; Jiří Klemeš; Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Asim; Muhammad Awan; Muhammad Imran; Moonyong Lee. Design and Energy Analysis of a Solar Desiccant Evaporative Cooling System with Built-In Daily Energy Storage. Energies 2021, 14, 2429 .
AMA StyleFahid Riaz, Muhammad Qyyum, Awais Bokhari, Jiří Klemeš, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Asim, Muhammad Awan, Muhammad Imran, Moonyong Lee. Design and Energy Analysis of a Solar Desiccant Evaporative Cooling System with Built-In Daily Energy Storage. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2429.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFahid Riaz; Muhammad Qyyum; Awais Bokhari; Jiří Klemeš; Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Asim; Muhammad Awan; Muhammad Imran; Moonyong Lee. 2021. "Design and Energy Analysis of a Solar Desiccant Evaporative Cooling System with Built-In Daily Energy Storage." Energies 14, no. 9: 2429.
This research presents an integrated approach combining Coloured Petri Nets and Interpretive Structural Modelling, called hybrid ISM-CPN model, to risk assessment of wind farms development. The dynamic nature of the component elements of wind farms and considering the risks interdependencies motivate this combination. A questionnaire survey targeting experts is conducted for calculating the modified Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs). Thirty-four factors are ranked, and the nine critical risks identified as “Political instability”, “Sanctions”, “Economic insecurity”, “Interest rate fluctuations”, “Exchange rate fluctuations”, “Inflation rate fluctuations”, “Feasibility risk”, “Shortage of capital risk”, and “Supplier risk”. The values of RPNT = 260.26, RPNC = 251.31, and RPNQ = 238.77 indicate that “Exchange rate fluctuations” is the most important critical risk. The second one, is “Political instability” with RPNT = 255.35, RPNC = 247.28, and RPNQ = 230.56. The simulation results of a 50 MW wind farm reveal, with a 90% confidence level, “Sanctions” would cause 43.9% increase in project execution time and 28% decrease in project quality, and “Shortage of capital risk” has the greatest impact on project cost, with a 25.79% increase. This work further proposes several strategies to respond to the CRs and concludes that investments in REs can support post-COVID-19 economic recovery.
Masoomeh Zeinalnezhad; Abdoulmohammad Gholamzadeh Chofreh; Feybi Ariani Goni; Leila Sadat Hashemi; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. A hybrid risk analysis model for wind farms using Coloured Petri Nets and interpretive structural modelling. Energy 2021, 229, 120696 .
AMA StyleMasoomeh Zeinalnezhad, Abdoulmohammad Gholamzadeh Chofreh, Feybi Ariani Goni, Leila Sadat Hashemi, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. A hybrid risk analysis model for wind farms using Coloured Petri Nets and interpretive structural modelling. Energy. 2021; 229 ():120696.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasoomeh Zeinalnezhad; Abdoulmohammad Gholamzadeh Chofreh; Feybi Ariani Goni; Leila Sadat Hashemi; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. 2021. "A hybrid risk analysis model for wind farms using Coloured Petri Nets and interpretive structural modelling." Energy 229, no. : 120696.
Hybrid energy systems have been widely used for residential and industrial purposes. In this system, the total energy requirement of each unit can be met with heat and electricity. Pinch Analysis becomes a widely used tool for Process Integration, and using Pinch Analysis for Heat Integration is well-established. However, for the combined heat and power system, the theory and the corresponding tool deserve some more development. This paper extended the Pinch Analysis concept and proposed a Heat and Power Pinch Analysis to target the amount of heat that should be recovered from the hybrid energy system. Heat and Power Composite Curve (HPCC) is developed to visualise the total energy and the separated heat and power (electricity) requirement of a hybrid energy system in a working time period. The amount of outsourced electricity that should be purchased, and stored electricity at the startup period, and the extra electricity generated by the system at the end of the working period can be demonstrated. A case is studied to illustrate the steps of using this tool, two scenarios are discussed, and the targets are shown.
Bohong Wang; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Limei Gai; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Yongtu Liang. A Heat and Power Pinch for Process Integration targeting in hybrid energy systems. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 287, 112305 .
AMA StyleBohong Wang, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Limei Gai, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Yongtu Liang. A Heat and Power Pinch for Process Integration targeting in hybrid energy systems. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 287 ():112305.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBohong Wang; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Limei Gai; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Yongtu Liang. 2021. "A Heat and Power Pinch for Process Integration targeting in hybrid energy systems." Journal of Environmental Management 287, no. : 112305.
The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility of Maple Leaf Waste (MLW) for the first time to produce biofuel-bioenergy and chemicals. It is meaningful to understand the thermochemical conversion and degradation pattern of the MLW to evaluate its biofuel-bioenergy potential. Different degradation stages and zones based on temperature and mass loss were identified to understand the pyrolytic behaviour in depth. Four different heating rates were used to conduct kinetic and thermodynamic analysis. The pyrolysis temperature was concluded ranged from 200 °C to 430 °C at all heating rates to obtain maximum bioenergy products. The kinetic parameters of pyrolysis were obtained by analysing through iso-conversional models of Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Friedman and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO). The average values of activation energies (75–91 kJ mol−1), high heating values (16.32 MJ kg−1), Gibb’s free energies (261–269 kJ mol−1) and change in enthalpy (68–85 kJ mol−1) have shown the significant potential for bioenergy production and suitability of co-pyrolysis with other waste and biomass feedstock.
Muhammad Sajjad Ahmad; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Hesham Alhumade; Ali Elkamel; Abid Mahmood; Boxiong Shen; Muhammad Ibrahim; Ahmad Mukhtar; Sidra Saqib; Saira Asif; Awais Bokhari. Thermo-kinetic study to elucidate the bioenergy potential of Maple Leaf Waste (MLW) by pyrolysis, TGA and kinetic modelling. Fuel 2021, 293, 120349 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Sajjad Ahmad, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Hesham Alhumade, Ali Elkamel, Abid Mahmood, Boxiong Shen, Muhammad Ibrahim, Ahmad Mukhtar, Sidra Saqib, Saira Asif, Awais Bokhari. Thermo-kinetic study to elucidate the bioenergy potential of Maple Leaf Waste (MLW) by pyrolysis, TGA and kinetic modelling. Fuel. 2021; 293 ():120349.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Sajjad Ahmad; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Hesham Alhumade; Ali Elkamel; Abid Mahmood; Boxiong Shen; Muhammad Ibrahim; Ahmad Mukhtar; Sidra Saqib; Saira Asif; Awais Bokhari. 2021. "Thermo-kinetic study to elucidate the bioenergy potential of Maple Leaf Waste (MLW) by pyrolysis, TGA and kinetic modelling." Fuel 293, no. : 120349.
In the industry, there are frequently prohibited and restricted matches in the Heat Exchanger Networks (HENs). These matches could cause risk cost when failures happen. Some matches of streams can be entirely prohibited, but some may only have a certain level of restriction. The margins are set up, based on the risk cost assessment, whether to exchange the heat and by which type of equipment between specific streams. This study proposes a method based on the Advanced Grid Diagram to benefit from an optimised synthesis plan for HEN considering prohibited and restricted matches. A pre-designed HEN could be determined in the synthesis stage, not considering the prohibited or restricted matches. A follow-up topology evolution is performed to trade off the prohibitions and evaluate the restrictions. A Benefit Diagram has been developed to show how many economic benefits can be gained by implementing new heat exchangers. It is used for comparison between allowing all restricted streams and avoiding restricted streams to find the potential risk cost margin. The method is applied to a case study to analyse the restricted and prohibited matches. Optimal HEN design results offer the designers a guide to evaluate to which extent should implement the restricted matches.
Bohong Wang; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Min Zeng; Yongtu Liang. Heat Exchanger Network synthesis considering prohibited and restricted matches. Energy 2021, 225, 120214 .
AMA StyleBohong Wang, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Min Zeng, Yongtu Liang. Heat Exchanger Network synthesis considering prohibited and restricted matches. Energy. 2021; 225 ():120214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBohong Wang; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Min Zeng; Yongtu Liang. 2021. "Heat Exchanger Network synthesis considering prohibited and restricted matches." Energy 225, no. : 120214.
In the globalised maritime transport sector, Malaysian ships and local seafarers play a crucial role in the development of the country’s economy. Therefore, this paper examines Malaysia’s ratification of international maritime conventions, its authorisation of classification societies and its maritime education training centres that have become key elements in influencing local ship registration and the production of seafarers. This paper analyses the current Malaysian ship registration and seafarers, including the existing number of seafarers that are engaged on board Malaysian and foreign ships. In this paper, we present the JALIN (ship registration data) and SDPx (seafarers’ data) systems application, which are developed by the Marine Department Malaysia as data sources, and a descriptive analysis of data using MS-Excel 2010 and Minitab 19. As a result, this paper analysed the Malaysian ship registration and seafarers for streamlining future Malaysian shipping governance in order to identify current potentials and barriers. In addition, this paper provides vital information for Malaysian government strategies concerning seafarers’ management in streamlining future national shipping governance. In addition, this result can serve as big data information to develop effective measures catering to the needs of the Malaysian shipping industry and assist policymakers to make decisions.
Lai Fatt Chuah; Nurul Haqimin Mohd Salleh; Noor Apandi Osnin; Juan Ignacio Alcaide; Mohd Hafiz Abdul Majid; Abdul Aziz Abdullah; Awais Bokhari; Emy Ezura A Jalil; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Profiling Malaysian ship registration and seafarers for streamlining future Malaysian shipping governance. Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs 2021, 1 -37.
AMA StyleLai Fatt Chuah, Nurul Haqimin Mohd Salleh, Noor Apandi Osnin, Juan Ignacio Alcaide, Mohd Hafiz Abdul Majid, Abdul Aziz Abdullah, Awais Bokhari, Emy Ezura A Jalil, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Profiling Malaysian ship registration and seafarers for streamlining future Malaysian shipping governance. Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs. 2021; ():1-37.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLai Fatt Chuah; Nurul Haqimin Mohd Salleh; Noor Apandi Osnin; Juan Ignacio Alcaide; Mohd Hafiz Abdul Majid; Abdul Aziz Abdullah; Awais Bokhari; Emy Ezura A Jalil; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. 2021. "Profiling Malaysian ship registration and seafarers for streamlining future Malaysian shipping governance." Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs , no. : 1-37.
Managing environmental sustainability has become a critical challenge and an essential agenda for academics and corporations alike. This study conducted evidence-based research to explore whether it is possible to maintain a balance between environmentalism and consumerism in a capitalist society. A triangulated approach is followed by combining systematic literature review (SLR) and text mining for cross-validation, thus, limiting subjective bias. The findings suggest that, although, it is possible to achieve a balance in the long run but this necessitate enormous amount of efforts and resources due to the complexity and paradoxical nature of environmentalism and consumerism coupled with the current way of capitalist societies’ life. Building on the findings and the Operations Management Input-Transformation-Output model, a research framework is proposed. The proposed framework suggests that to keep a balance between environmentalism and consumerism in a capitalist society, a progressive and transformational change could be instrumental for a viable solution. Finally, building on current gaps in the research domain, six future research directions are proposed to carry forward the notion of environmentalism and consumerism in a capitalist society.
Nina Panizzut; Piyya Muhammad Rafi-Ul-Shan; Hassan Amar; Farooq Sher; Muhammad Usman Mazhar; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Exploring relationship between environmentalism and consumerism in a market economy society: A structured systematic literature review. Cleaner Engineering and Technology 2021, 2, 100047 .
AMA StyleNina Panizzut, Piyya Muhammad Rafi-Ul-Shan, Hassan Amar, Farooq Sher, Muhammad Usman Mazhar, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Exploring relationship between environmentalism and consumerism in a market economy society: A structured systematic literature review. Cleaner Engineering and Technology. 2021; 2 ():100047.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNina Panizzut; Piyya Muhammad Rafi-Ul-Shan; Hassan Amar; Farooq Sher; Muhammad Usman Mazhar; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. 2021. "Exploring relationship between environmentalism and consumerism in a market economy society: A structured systematic literature review." Cleaner Engineering and Technology 2, no. : 100047.
Time is running out, while it is becoming obvious that many countries may fail to meet Paris Agreement goals. More intensive efforts should be invested with a strong emphasis on emissions decarbonisation of all sectors and energy transition towards more renewable energy sources. This work provides an overview of the impact of the energy transition on the environment, energy and water systems and the need for integration of these systems. Reduction of carbon-related emissions has been identified as the common topic through reliance on the circular economy concept, taking into account the economic dimension in an attempt to decouple economic growth from emissions. Advanced control concepts, mathematical modelling and integration of renewable energy sources with carbon capture and storage and sewage sludge treatment can be recognised as dominant topics through the recognition that energy transition offers a solution to emission problem, but raises further challenges by introducing disbalance between supply and demand side of energy systems. It is expected that present contribution will identify dominant trends under the common divisor of the energy transition and foster discussion among the experts for future studies.
Hrvoje Mikulčić; Jakov Baleta; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Xuebin Wang. Energy transition and the role of system integration of the energy, water and environmental systems. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 292, 126027 .
AMA StyleHrvoje Mikulčić, Jakov Baleta, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Xuebin Wang. Energy transition and the role of system integration of the energy, water and environmental systems. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 292 ():126027.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHrvoje Mikulčić; Jakov Baleta; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Xuebin Wang. 2021. "Energy transition and the role of system integration of the energy, water and environmental systems." Journal of Cleaner Production 292, no. : 126027.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has magnified the insufficient readiness of humans in dealing with such an unexpected occurrence. During the pandemic, sustainable development goals have been hindered severely. Various observations and lessons have been highlighted to emphasise local impacts on a single region or single sector, whilst the holistic and coupling impacts are rarely investigated. This study overviews the structural changes and spatial heterogeneities of changes in healthcare, energy and environment, and offers perspectives for the in-depth understanding of the COVID-19 impacts on the three sectors, in particular the cross-sections of them. Practical observations are summarised through the broad overview. A novel concept of the healthcare–energy–environment nexus under climate change constraints is proposed and discussed, to illustrate the relationships amongst the three sectors and further analyse the dynamics of the attention to healthcare, energy and environment in view of decision-makers. The society is still on the way to understanding the impacts of the whole episode of COVID-19 on healthcare, energy, environment and beyond. The raised nexus thinking could contribute to understanding the complicated COVID-19 impacts and guiding sustainable future planning.
Peng Jiang; Jiří Klemeš; Yee Fan; Xiuju Fu; Yong Bee. More is Not Enough: A Deeper Understanding of the COVID-19 Impacts on Healthcare, Energy and Environment is Crucial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 684 .
AMA StylePeng Jiang, Jiří Klemeš, Yee Fan, Xiuju Fu, Yong Bee. More is Not Enough: A Deeper Understanding of the COVID-19 Impacts on Healthcare, Energy and Environment is Crucial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):684.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng Jiang; Jiří Klemeš; Yee Fan; Xiuju Fu; Yong Bee. 2021. "More is Not Enough: A Deeper Understanding of the COVID-19 Impacts on Healthcare, Energy and Environment is Crucial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 684.
COVID-19 has caused great challenges to the energy industry. Potential new practices and social forms being facilitated by the pandemics are having impacts on energy demand and consumption. Spatial and temporal heterogeneities of impacts appear gradually due to the dynamics of pandemics and mitigation measures. This paper overviews the impacts and challenges of COVID-19 pandemics on energy demand and consumption and highlights energy-related lessons and emerging opportunities. The discussion on energy-related issues is divided into four main sections: emergency situation and its impacts, environmental impacts and stabilising energy demand, recovering energy demand, and lessons and emerging opportunities. The changes in energy requirements are compared and analysed from multiple perspectives according to available data and information. In general, although the overall energy demand declines, the spatial and temporal variations are complicated. The energy intensity has presented apparent changes, the extra energy for COVID-19 fighting is non-negligible for stabilising energy demand, and the energy recovery in different regions presents significant differences. A crucial issue has been to allocate and find energy-related emerging opportunities for the post pandemics. This study could offer a direction in opening new avenues for increasing energy efficiency and promoting energy saving.
Peng Jiang; Yee Van Fan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Impacts of COVID-19 on energy demand and consumption: Challenges, lessons and emerging opportunities. Applied Energy 2021, 285, 116441 -116441.
AMA StylePeng Jiang, Yee Van Fan, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Impacts of COVID-19 on energy demand and consumption: Challenges, lessons and emerging opportunities. Applied Energy. 2021; 285 ():116441-116441.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng Jiang; Yee Van Fan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. 2021. "Impacts of COVID-19 on energy demand and consumption: Challenges, lessons and emerging opportunities." Applied Energy 285, no. : 116441-116441.
The paper presents an extension of Pinch Analysis and namely, Total Site Process Integration. It benefits from up to date developments and introduction of Total EcoSite Integration for urban and industrial symbiosis. An important development is Pinch Analysis for Solid Waste Integration which is a crucial step for the symbiosis in a circular economy. As the potential EcoSites are usually extensive and cover various units, a methodology based on clusters has been used. The solution has been supported by graphical tools using the analogy with already implemented extensions of Pinch Analysis. The results of a demonstration case study revealed the potential of the novel approach. The identified integrated design increased the energy recovered from the solid waste by 11.39 MWh/d and diverted 2 t/d of the waste from the landfill, benefiting both the urban and industrial site. The proposed approach is also capable of minimising the requirement of energy-intensive thermal drying for waste whenever the process allowed, subsequently offer a solution with lower environmental footprint and cost. For future work, a even more comprehensive case study can be conducted by considering the other forms of the waste, recovery process and drying approaches.
Yee Van Fan; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Sergey Vladimirovich Romanenko. Urban and industrial symbiosis for circular economy: Total EcoSite Integration. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 279, 111829 .
AMA StyleYee Van Fan, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sergey Vladimirovich Romanenko. Urban and industrial symbiosis for circular economy: Total EcoSite Integration. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 279 ():111829.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYee Van Fan; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Sergey Vladimirovich Romanenko. 2020. "Urban and industrial symbiosis for circular economy: Total EcoSite Integration." Journal of Environmental Management 279, no. : 111829.
In this study, a Quantitative-Qualitative Water Footprint (QQWFP) is proposed and defined as the total cost of water quantity consumption and the cost of removing the contaminants generated in the water use process. The QQWFP consists of two sub-indicators, Quantitative Water Footprint (WFqt) and Qualitative Water Footprint (WFql), determining the quantity and quality use of water and covers multiple contaminants. Water reuse and water returned to the natural water body are considered in the determination. Unlike existing water footprint indicators, the cost-based water quality and quantity footprints of different water processes are comparable, which enables the user and manager to identify the critical water use sector and the bottleneck of water use (i.e. water consumption or pollution). An added benefit is that the QQWFP can be labelled on the product package and increase the customers’ awareness of water use and saving. The method is demonstrated with a case study of monosodium glutamate (MSG) plant in China. Results showed that to produce 1 t MSG, the QQWFP is 302.1 €, among which the Quantitative Water Footprint is only 2.3 €, and Qualitative Water Footprint is 299.8 €, taking more than 99 % of the total QQWFP. Conclusions indicate the significance of addressing water quality determination and the potential for water quality-oriented industrial water use optimisation.
Xuexiu Jia; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Sharifah R Wan Alwi; Dong Yang; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Cost-Based Quantitative-Qualitative Water Footprint Considering Multiple Contaminants. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2020, 168, 105339 .
AMA StyleXuexiu Jia, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Sharifah R Wan Alwi, Dong Yang, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Cost-Based Quantitative-Qualitative Water Footprint Considering Multiple Contaminants. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2020; 168 ():105339.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXuexiu Jia; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Sharifah R Wan Alwi; Dong Yang; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. 2020. "Cost-Based Quantitative-Qualitative Water Footprint Considering Multiple Contaminants." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 168, no. : 105339.
The building of new waste treatment plants has not been closely following the Circular Economy (CE) hierarchy, and the incurred cost and social acceptance have been challenging. Integrated regional waste management by waste trading can offer the sharing of resources to achieve a mutually beneficial system in CE transition. This study aims to minimise the environmental footprints, with the consideration of economic feasibility, in integrated regional waste management by developing an extended Pinch Analysis-based targeting method. The proposed graphical decision-support method is applied to a case study where the waste trading amongst Central Europe (Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, and Slovakia) is considered. A monthly waste trading network is identified with Germany, and Austria serves as the country with a surplus of waste treatment capacity. The pessimistic estimation indicated that the GHG emission of the waste trading design is 0.311 t CO2eq/t of waste, where the GHG emission of 1 t waste is reduced by 20 kg – 30 kg compared to the baseline scenario. The assessment suggested that when the amount of waste to be transported by lorry is >5 t and the transport distance to the incineration plant compared to the landfill is less than ~500 – 940 km, waste trading for recovery offers a lower net GHG emission. However, to prevent pollution haven and to consider the economic feasibility, the landfill fees have to be increased significantly. The developed method can identify integrated waste management network for different levels of administrative division to minimise environmental footprints.
Yee Van Fan; Peng Jiang; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Peng Yen Liew; Chew Tin Lee. Integrated regional waste management to minimise the environmental footprints in circular economy transition. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2020, 168, 105292 .
AMA StyleYee Van Fan, Peng Jiang, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Peng Yen Liew, Chew Tin Lee. Integrated regional waste management to minimise the environmental footprints in circular economy transition. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2020; 168 ():105292.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYee Van Fan; Peng Jiang; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Peng Yen Liew; Chew Tin Lee. 2020. "Integrated regional waste management to minimise the environmental footprints in circular economy transition." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 168, no. : 105292.