This paper introduces a novel method for synthesizing a cationic adhesion additive for road bitumen. The method involves condensing higher carboxylic acids and triglycerides of non-edible rapeseed oil with diethanolamine. The details of this innovative synthesis, the properties of the additive, and its action mechanism are shown in the results of this investigation. The surfactants in the synthesized products were identified by IR spectroscopy. They have significant practical implications. Different methods were used to investigate bitumen adhesion of acidic rock materials without and with additives. The results of the wetting angle study on the surface of rock materials changed from 19.81° to 80.33°, indicating a significant and remarkable improvement in its surface hydrophobicity. Moreover, the unique feature of the additive does not require dilution in organic solvents before use, which makes it highly practical for direct use.

This review is devoted to the possibilities of using mechanochemical processing and to achievements in this field for obtaining materials for a wide range of purposes. The mechanochemical processing of various materials and compositions in energy-intensive grinding devices allows the production of innovative systems, ensuring the necessary complex structure and properties. A detailed analysis of the processes of mechanochemical processing in the production of designs for various purposes is given, and the latest practical results in this area are highlighted. A detailed analysis of the processes of mechanochemical processing in the production of structures for various purposes is given, as well as recent practical results in this area, such as the use of mechanochemical processing to increase the performance of aluminum and other metals used as a combustible substance in energy-intensive systems. This review also presents the prospects for the use of mechanochemical processing to obtain physiologically active drugs from plant materials, which is an effective method for creating new materials in the field of pharmaceuticals, animal husbandry, veterinary medicine, crop production, etc.

Copper smelting dust is a heterogeneous by-product of pyrometallurgical processing containing sulfate- and arsenic-bearing components, which accounts for its high chemical stability and environmental hazard. In this context, mechanochemical activation is considered a promising approach for initiating structural and phase transformations in such systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-energy planetary milling in the “dust–Na₂S” and “dust–Na₂S–NaOH” systems on changes in the phase composition of arsenic-bearing dust. The samples were prepared by dry mechanochemical activation in a planetary mill for 15 and 30 min with varying reagent contents. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, PbSO₄ and ZnSO₄·H₂O remain the major phases in the binary system, while the formation of elemental sulfur (S₆) and the arsenic sulfide phase (As₄S₄) is observed against a decrease in the As₂O₃ content. In the presence of NaOH, a more pronounced redistribution of arsenic species is observed, accompanied by the appearance of a Na-containing As–O–S phase, preliminarily identified as Na₃AsO₂S₂, and a further decrease in the proportion of As₂O₃. Thermodynamic analysis indicates the energetic favorability of arsenic sulfidation when the oxidative contribution of the air atmosphere during milling is taken into account. The obtained results refine the possible mechanochemical pathways of arsenic transformation and may be used to substantiate preliminary activation regimes prior to subsequent leaching.

In this paper, the results of the technological combustion of SHS heat insulators based on mineral origins are presented. It is shown that after mechanochemical treatment of minerals—diatomite—the kinetic characteristics of the combustion process change, providing targeted formation of the phase composition, structure, and properties of the SHS composite. A positive effect of using various modifiers during the MCT of diatomite—the activation of the combustion process—was established. The selection of modifiers provides an increase in the strength of the synthesized SHS composites as a result of the formation of aluminate compounds in the synthesis products, and a decrease in thermal conductivity to 0.157 W/m*K due to the formation of the ultraporous structure of the samples.

This study investigated the extraction of aluminum from aluminum silicate-rich coal ash from the ash-slag waste of the Almaty CHP-2 power station using microwave-assisted alkaline leaching. The high chemical stability of the quartz and mullite phases in the ash leads to high energy consumption during conventional acid–base treatment. To improve the kinetic parameters of the leaching process, amorphous graphite was therefore used as an active additive, which effectively absorbs microwave energy. The experiments were conducted in the temperature range of 50–200 °C, in 1–6 M NaOH solution, and over a period of 5–30 min. The amount of amorphous graphite varied between 5 and 20 wt%. The proportion of amorphous graphite varied between 5 and 20 wt%. Upon microwave irradiation, the graphite-free ash reached a temperature of 200 °C within approximately 12 min, whereas this temperature was reached in the system with 15% amorphous graphite after only 8–9 min. At low alkali concentrations (1–2 M NaOH), the aluminum transfer into solution in the graphite-free system was approximately 18%–35%. With increasing NaOH concentrations to 3–4 M, the aluminum removal efficiency increased to 38%–58%. Under the same temperature conditions, the leaching process was significantly accelerated by the addition of amorphous graphite; thus, at temperatures near 200 °C and in a 5–6 M NaOH solution, 70%–72% of aluminum was removed. The leaching kinetics were analyzed using the shrinking core model. The results showed that the apparent activation energy of the reaction decreased from 54 kJ/mol to 32 kJ/mol in the presence of graphite. These results suggest that microwave-assisted alkaline leaching in the presence of amorphous graphite is an energy-efficient and promising method for aluminum recovery from coal ash.

This review aims to analyze the processing techniques employed for coal fly ash (CFA) and their implications. The study addresses the research problem of enhancing CFA utilization while minimizing environmental impacts. The review is based on the principles of sustainable development, circular economy, and resource conservation. It draws upon theories related to waste management, materials science, and environmental engineering. A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing research articles, technical reports, and industry publications. The review encompasses a comprehensive examination of processing techniques, including separation, beneficiation, utilization, and treatment methods. The research techniques employed involved data synthesis and analysis of the identified studies. The review highlights the effectiveness and limitations of various processing techniques for CFA, such as electrostatic separation, magnetic separation, and froth flotation. It provides insights into the improvements achieved through processing, including enhanced CFA quality, expanded applications, and resource recovery. The findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive characterization of CFA, understanding its composition and properties, and optimizing processing methods to maximize its potential. The research contributes to the academic understanding of CFA processing techniques, providing a foundation for further studies in the field. Managerially, it offers guidance to industries involved in CFA utilization, promoting sustainable waste management practices and resource conservation. The review has significant social implications by reducing the environmental impact associated with CFA disposal and supporting the development of circular economy principles.