This study aimed to investigate the existence of relative age effect (RAE) in male Brazilian futsal athletes according to age categories and playing position. Data from male futsal athletes from the top five teams in Brazil were collected during May and June 2021. The distribution of birth dates of 387 male futsal athletes was analyzed, based on their age categories (U15, n = 97; U17, n = 88; U20, n = 116; senior, n = 86) and playing positions (defender, n = 76; winger; n = 162; pivot, n = 69; goalkeeper, n = 80). Chi-squared tests were used to analyze the birth dates distribution based on quarter and semesters of the year according to age categories and playing positions. The overall analysis of birth quarter indicated a higher occurrence of births in the first quarter of the year (p<.001; V = 0.188). The age categories analysis indicated a uniform distribution in U15 (p=.09; V = 0.15) and unequal distributions in U17 (p<.001; V = 0.29), U20 (p<.007; V = 0.19) and senior (p<.01; V = 0.21) categories. The playing position analysis indicated a uniform distribution for the pivots (p=.11; V = 0.17) and unequal distribution for goalkeepers (p<.04; V = 0.19), wingers (p<.002; V = 0.19) and defenders (p<.002; V = 0.27). We concluded that RAE was present in Brazilian elite men’s futsal, especially in the U17, U20, and senior categories, and goalkeepers, wingers, and defenders. Our results reinforce the need to consider the effects of relative age in the development of Brazilian elite futsal players.

Reserarch question: the paper investigates the influence of football clubs investments on their performancen the first division of the Brazilian league. Motivation: Considering football as the most important sport in Brazil, representing a cultural symbol of the country, understanding it better becomes necessary. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the financial amounts involved in the management actions to try to understand the influence of the investments that the clubs make about the marketing and championships improvement and, thus, to be able to delineate the relation between investment and success in Football. Idea: In this perspective, the central hypothesis of this study is that the clubs that present the highest expenditures on soccer will also present the best classifications, since these expenses are related to better training conditions and salaries, which may contribute to the recruitment of the best athletes. Data: The study was conducted with data collected over the internet, using data provided by clubs. Only the clubs belonging to the first division were used, being a total of 19 clubs, divided into 3 groups, according to the investment value in Football. Tools: This study presents descriptive and inferential analyzes, since the qualitative-quantitative approach was assumed as a way of understanding the data. Assuming the number of clubs participating in the study, we chose non-parametric inferential analyzes in the intra- and inter-group evaluations, using the alpha value of 0.05 as criterion. Findings: The results showed that clubs in groups G1 and G2 had similar expenditures dynamics, while G3 group clubs had a slight swing. In addition, clubs in groups G1 and G2 had the largest amount of expenditures, while G3 clubs had the lowest expenditure during the period analyzed. These results demonstrated that the clubs of the G1 and G2 groups achieved the best positions in the championships, corroborating the research hypothesis. Contribution: One can conclude that the investment of the clubs directly influences the classification in the championships, being necessary great investment to conquer the championship. However, this study has some limitations, such as sample size (19 teams only). Therefore, we emphasize the need for new studies.

The aim of this study was to verify the existence of RAE in Brazilian elite male basketball, considering athletes’ birth quartiles, playing positions, team placement, and tactical-technical performance in the Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB). A total of 454 male athletes were analyzed according to their birth quartiles, playing positions, final team placement in the championship, and tactical-technical performance. The goodness of fit chi-square test was used to compare the distribution of birth quartiles for the overall sample and based on playing positions and team final placements. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare tactical-technical performance based on birth quartiles. Results indicated that athletes born in the last quartile of the year were less frequent than those born in the first (p < 0.001), second (p < 0.006), and third (p < 0.001) quartiles of the year for the overall sample. Unequal distributions were also reported for the Small Forward position (p = 0.018). Regarding the final team placements, unequal distributions were observed for intermediate teams in the 2019/2020 season (p = 0.014), top teams in the 2020/2021 season (0.027), and bottom teams in the 2021/2022 season (p = 0.005). No association was found between RAE and any tactical-technical performance variable ( p > 0.005). It is concluded that RAE was present in the NBB in Brazilian elite male athletes, but it does not seem to be a factor associated with collective nor individual tactical-technical performance. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la existencia del Efecto de Edad Relativa (RAE) en el baloncesto de élite masculino brasileño, considerando los cuartiles de nacimiento de los atletas, las posiciones de juego, la colocación del equipo y el rendimiento táctico-técnico en el Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB). Se analizaron un total de 454 atletas masculinos según sus cuartiles de nacimiento, posiciones de juego, colocación final del equipo en el campeonato y rendimiento táctico-técnico. Se utilizó la prueba de ajuste chi-cuadrado para comparar la distribución de los cuartiles de nacimiento para la muestra general y según las posiciones de juego y la colocación final del equipo. Se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para comparar el rendimiento táctico-técnico según los cuartiles de nacimiento. Los resultados indicaron que los atletas nacidos en el último cuartil del año fueron menos frecuentes que aquellos nacidos en el primer (p < 0.001), segundo (p < 0.006) y tercer (p < 0.001) cuartil del año para la muestra general. También se informaron distribuciones desiguales para la posición de Ala (p = 0.018). Con respecto a la colocación final del equipo, se observaron distribuciones desiguales para equipos intermedios en la temporada 2019/2020 (p = 0.014), equipos mejores colocados en la temporada 2020/2021 (0.027) y equipos peores colocadas en la temporada 2021/2022 (p = 0.005). No se encontró asociación entre el RAE y ninguna variable de rendimiento táctico-técnico (p > 0.005). Se concluye que el RAE estuvo presente en el NBB en atletas masculinos de élite brasileños, pero no parece ser un factor asociado con el rendimiento táctico-técnico colectivo ni individual. O objetivo deste estuo foi verificar a existência do Efeito da Idade Relativa (EIR) no basquetebol masculino de elite Brasileiro, considerando os quartis de nascimento, posições de jogo, colocação da equipe e desempenho tático-técnico de atletas do Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB). Foram analisados 454 atletas masculinos de acordo com seus quartis de nascimento, posições de jogo, colocação final da equipe no campeonato e desempenho tático-técnico. O teste qui-quadrado de ajuste foi utilizado para comparar a distribuição dos quartis de nascimento da amostra geral e de acordo com as posições de jogo e colocação final da equipe. O teste Kruskal-Wallis foi utilizado para comparar o rendimento tático-técnico de acordo com os quartis de nascimento. Os resultados indicaram que os atletas nascidos no último quartil do ano foram menos frequentes do que os nascidos no primeiro (p < 0.001), segundo (p < 0.006) e terceiro (p < 0.001) quartis do ano para a amostra geral. Também foram apresentadas distribuições desiguais para a posição ala (p = 0.018). Em relação a colocação final da equipe, observou-se distribuições desiguais para as equipes intermediárias na temporada 2019/2020 (p = 0.014), equipes melhores colocadas na temporada 2020/2021 (0.027) e equipes piores colocadas na temporada 2021/2022 (p = 0.005). Não foram encontradas associações entre o EIR e nenhuma variável de desempenho tático-técnico (p > 0.005). Conclui-se que o EIR está presente no NBB em atletas masculinos de elite Brasileiros, mas não parece ser um fator asociado com o desempenho tático-técnico coletivo e individual.

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a ansiedade pré-competitiva em nadadores de águas abertas e analisar se a idade e o sexo alteram os níveis de ansiedade pré-competitiva. Metodologia: Para isso, o estudo contou com a participação voluntária de 129 nadadores com idade entre 14 e 49 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, todos participantes de competições de águas abertas. Os participantes responderam um questionário. O questionário adotado foi o CSAI-2R (Competitive State Anxiety Inventory – 2r, versão reduzida). Resultados e discussão: Os resultados demonstraram que a autoconfiança apresentou valores elevados para todos os grupos amostrais e que a idade e o sexo não são fatores determinantes para os resultados. Além disso, foi encontrada uma correlação forte entre a subescala somática e a cognitiva, corroborando a teoria Multidimensional da ansiedade, na qual diz que quando a autoconfiança apresenta escores elevados, a ansiedade é baixa. Conclusão: Diante disso, os resultados mostraram que independentemente da idade e do sexo, os nadadores de águas abertas apresentam valores elevados de autoconfiança, o que influencia os escores baixos de ansiedade cognitiva e somática.

OBJETIVO: Organizar conteúdos acerca da influência do exercício aeróbico de intensidade moderada na qualidade do sono. MÉTODOS: Caracterizado como um estudo de revisão narrativa, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, buscando artigos em bases de dados online (PUBMED, Scielo e Google Acadêmico) publicados acerca do tema.RESULTADOS: Os estudos encontrados mostraram que o exercício aeróbico de intensidade moderada proporcionou aos indivíduos uma melhora significativa na duração do sono, diminuiu os distúrbios do sono, melhorou a latência e a eficiência do sono.CONCLUSÃO: Diante de tais achados pode-se considerar que o exercício aeróbico de intensidade moderada pode fazer parte do tratamento dos distúrbios do sono e através de um programa adequado de atividades físicas, o indivíduo pode alcançar uma melhora significativa na qualidade do sono. The influence of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on sleep quality: a narrative review.OBJECTIVE: To organize content about the influence of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on sleep quality.METHODS: Characterized as a narrative review study, a bibliographic review was carried out, looking for articles in online databases (PUBMED, Scielo and Google Scholar) published about the topic. RESULTS: The studies found showed that aerobic exercise of moderate intensity provided individuals with a significant improvement in sleep duration, decreased sleep disorders, improved sleep latency and efficiency.CONCLUSION: In view of these findings, it can be considered that aerobic exercise of moderate intensity can be part of the treatment of sleep disorders and through an adequate program of physical activities, the individual can achieve a significant improvement in sleep quality.