• Meta-analysis of 207 patients supports RNS efficacy in refractory MTLE; RNS therapy may reduce seizure frequency in patients with refractory MTLE; Some patients with MTLE achieved seizure freedom within 6 months with RNS.

Spontaneous internal oblique muscle hematomas are rare and may closely mimic acute abdominal emergencies. This case emphasizes the importance of including them in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. Clinicians should consider this diagnosis in patients with cough‐related abdominal pain to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary surgical interventions.