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Social housing represents a part of the whole building stock with a high risk of energy poverty, and it should be treated as a priority in renovation strategies, due to its potential for improvement and the need to fight that risk. Renovation actions are currently designed based on patterns that have been shown to be disparate from the reality of social housing. Thereby, a monitoring study is essential for the evaluation of the actual conditions. An in-depth characterization of a social housing neighborhood, located in the North of Portugal, was carried out. Indoor hygrothermal conditions were analyzed through a monitoring campaign. It was possible to identify the differences in indoor conditions of the dwellings and understand the influence of occupancy density and occupants’ behavior. In order to identify the actual occupancy and the type of use, a social survey was performed. A renovation action will soon take place, and a monitoring and survey plan is proposed for the post-renovation period, based on a previous evaluation of the renovation impact, using DesignBuilder software and the real occupancy profiles. In social housing context, since energy consumption for heating and cooling is punctual or non-existent, the focus of low energy renovation should be based on passive strategies that reduce the energy demand. The remaining energy needs should be supplied by renewable energy sources, reducing energy poverty, and enhancing quality of life.
Bianca Seabra; Pedro Pereira; Helena Corvacho; Carla Pires; Nuno Ramos. Low Energy Renovation of Social Housing: Recommendations on Monitoring and Renewable Energies Use. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2718 .
AMA StyleBianca Seabra, Pedro Pereira, Helena Corvacho, Carla Pires, Nuno Ramos. Low Energy Renovation of Social Housing: Recommendations on Monitoring and Renewable Energies Use. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2718.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBianca Seabra; Pedro Pereira; Helena Corvacho; Carla Pires; Nuno Ramos. 2021. "Low Energy Renovation of Social Housing: Recommendations on Monitoring and Renewable Energies Use." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2718.
Residential indoor environment quality (IEQ) is not fully known, particularly in Southern European countries. In this study, a room-level analysis was performed in forty-two rooms of twelve flats, selected from six buildings located in Porto, Portugal. Each room was monitored for approximately three weeks during the spring. The average monitored values in terms of temperature (T), water vapour pressure excess (ΔP), carbon dioxide (CO2), small particulate matter (PM2.5), the ratio between the indoor and outdoor PM2.5 (PM2.5 I/O), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were 21.7 °C, 175 Pa, 781 ppm (1287 ppm considering only night occupancy periods), 12.2 μg/m3, 3.3 and 345 ppb, respectively. The CO2 concentrations and PM2.5 I/O values were higher than those obtained from the literature, indicating poorly ventilated rooms. A knowledge discovery methodology was used to search for behavioural patterns. Four groups were formed based on a cluster analysis that was qualitatively classified in terms of IEQ. Decision trees were created to evaluate the spatial and human factors affecting these cluster associations. The main factors affecting the IEQ were the presence of smokers, room ventilation ratio, floor area, and number of occupants. The results of this post-occupancy evaluation provide information to optimise the IEQ of the residential sector at the design level and emphasise the existence of a post-occupancy monitoring system that provides occupants with information about IEQ.
Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M.M. Ramos; António Ferreira. Room-scale analysis of spatial and human factors affecting indoor environmental quality in Porto residential flats. Building and Environment 2020, 186, 107376 .
AMA StylePedro F. Pereira, Nuno M.M. Ramos, António Ferreira. Room-scale analysis of spatial and human factors affecting indoor environmental quality in Porto residential flats. Building and Environment. 2020; 186 ():107376.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro F. Pereira; Nuno M.M. Ramos; António Ferreira. 2020. "Room-scale analysis of spatial and human factors affecting indoor environmental quality in Porto residential flats." Building and Environment 186, no. : 107376.
In Portugal, residential buildings commonly have their ventilation strategy changed after commissioning. This occurs due to the building managers' willingness to reduce shared costs with the electricity needed for fan operation. However, this option is not technically supported, and the effects of such a strategy on indoor air quality-related to human pollutants are yet to be quantified. CO2 was monitored in 15 bedrooms and air exchange rates were calculated for each room. The air exchange rate values ranged from 0.18 to 0.53 h−1 when mechanical extraction ventilation was off, and from 0.45 to 0.90 h−1 when mechanical extraction ventilation was on, which represents an average increase of 119%. With the current intermittent ventilation strategy, all rooms remain above 1500 ppm for a given percentage of time, and 12 rooms presenting CO2 concentrations above 2000 ppm. Simulations of theoretical CO2 concentrations, for a non-interrupted mechanical ventilation strategy show that no rooms would accumulate CO2 concentrations above 2000 ppm, and only 25% would present CO2 concentrations above 1500 ppm. Pearson correlations between the monitored CO2 and human and spatial factors identified two relevant parameters. Those parameters correspond to ratios between CO2 generation and floor area ([Formula: see text]), and airflow with CO2 generation ([Formula: see text]). The proposed ratios could be used as ways to optimise ventilation costs and indoor air quality.
Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos. The impact of mechanical ventilation operation strategies on indoor CO2 concentration and air exchange rates in residential buildings. Indoor and Built Environment 2020, 1 .
AMA StylePedro F. Pereira, Nuno M. M. Ramos. The impact of mechanical ventilation operation strategies on indoor CO2 concentration and air exchange rates in residential buildings. Indoor and Built Environment. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos. 2020. "The impact of mechanical ventilation operation strategies on indoor CO2 concentration and air exchange rates in residential buildings." Indoor and Built Environment , no. : 1.
Southern European countries have milder climatic conditions that differ from their colder northern counterparts, which greatly influence indoor ventilation strategies. The relation between a building’s airtightness and the air change rates remains a topic to be fully tackled in these countries, since natural ventilation is very frequent. In this work, the ventilation and airtightness of a case study were analyzed in-depth to support a discussion on this topic. CO2 concentration decay and blower-door measurements were used to characterize the infiltration and ventilation conditions of the case study. The case study represents a common Portuguese situation, with highly permeable envelopes, combined with highly variable air change rates. Transient simulations were carried out for the comparison of scenarios where different configurations of possible air paths were analyzed. The simulations included both natural and mechanical ventilation scenarios. An air sweeping effect from bedroom to bathroom only occurred when the mechanical extraction ventilation (MEV) was on. Different air leakage path configurations resulted in substantial offsets, up to 63%, of the air change rate (ACH) due to natural occurring forces. The results confirmed that the relation between airtightness and air change rates should be carefully analyzed in southern European countries, as indoor air quality, comfort of occupants, and energy efficiency are highly influenced by the considered variables.
Vitor E. M. Cardoso; Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos; Ricardo M. S. F. Almeida. The Impacts of Air Leakage Paths and Airtightness Levels on Air Change Rates. Buildings 2020, 10, 55 .
AMA StyleVitor E. M. Cardoso, Pedro F. Pereira, Nuno M. M. Ramos, Ricardo M. S. F. Almeida. The Impacts of Air Leakage Paths and Airtightness Levels on Air Change Rates. Buildings. 2020; 10 (3):55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVitor E. M. Cardoso; Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos; Ricardo M. S. F. Almeida. 2020. "The Impacts of Air Leakage Paths and Airtightness Levels on Air Change Rates." Buildings 10, no. 3: 55.
The thermal comfort retrofitting of existing transport stations is an opportunity to increase the interest in the use of public transportation while improving the performance of the building, and consequently reduce the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this study is to implement an innovative methodology to evaluate and improve the thermal comfort of an existing semi-outdoor bus station in the winter season through the application of retrofit solutions. Some research was recently published concerning the evaluation of the thermal environment in semi-outdoor spaces showing that thermal comfort is achievable. The thermal environment of the station was evaluated through an experimental campaign involving the measurement of physical parameters and the application of questionnaires to the passengers. The results of the questionnaires indicate a colder sensation in the morning period and a lower percentage of dissatisfied people when compared to the application of the thermal comfort models. However, the preference of the passengers for a warmer environment was also identified. A realistic thermal comfort target, adapted to this semi-outdoor space, could, therefore, be defined. An innovative integrated methodology articulated in a BIM2BEM approach was applied in this work. The methodology included the joint application of Building Information Modeling and Building Energy Modeling, allowing the simulation of different retrofitting alternatives. The decision-making process was completed with an economic analysis of the alternatives, using the Savings-to-Investment Ratio (SIR) as an indicator. In order to improve the passengers’ thermal comfort, the option to create an enclosed heated waiting area was technically supported by the results of the study.
Ana Rocha; Débora Pinto; Nuno M.M. Ramos; Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida; Eva Barreira; M. Lurdes Simões; João Poças Martins; Pedro F. Pereira; Luís Sanhudo. A case study to improve the winter thermal comfort of an existing bus station. Journal of Building Engineering 2019, 29, 101123 .
AMA StyleAna Rocha, Débora Pinto, Nuno M.M. Ramos, Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida, Eva Barreira, M. Lurdes Simões, João Poças Martins, Pedro F. Pereira, Luís Sanhudo. A case study to improve the winter thermal comfort of an existing bus station. Journal of Building Engineering. 2019; 29 ():101123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Rocha; Débora Pinto; Nuno M.M. Ramos; Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida; Eva Barreira; M. Lurdes Simões; João Poças Martins; Pedro F. Pereira; Luís Sanhudo. 2019. "A case study to improve the winter thermal comfort of an existing bus station." Journal of Building Engineering 29, no. : 101123.
An intelligent building has to know the specificities of the occupants and determine their drivers to perform actions so that it can optimize the building operation. Five windows of different rooms of the same dwelling were analysed in-depth to understand the specificities and variations of occupants’ behaviour. Logistic regressions were used as a machine learning method to predict occupants’ actions. The windows opening prediction models were formulated by taking into account continuous and categorical variables. An evaluation of the required data length that allows obtaining the prediction models with results identical to those obtained with the complete year was performed. It was concluded that the best option was to use at least 15 days in summer and 15 days in winter to have a reliable prediction for the full year. The model constructed for each window did not show good prediction success when applied in another room of the same dwelling. This study shows that the specificity of humans needs do not allow a generalization of their behaviours in the built environment. Thus, it is necessary to adapt the algorithms of the building automation systems through data-driven machine learning techniques.
Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos; M. Lurdes Simões. Data-driven occupant actions prediction to achieve an intelligent building. Building Research & Information 2019, 48, 485 -500.
AMA StylePedro F. Pereira, Nuno M. M. Ramos, M. Lurdes Simões. Data-driven occupant actions prediction to achieve an intelligent building. Building Research & Information. 2019; 48 (5):485-500.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos; M. Lurdes Simões. 2019. "Data-driven occupant actions prediction to achieve an intelligent building." Building Research & Information 48, no. 5: 485-500.
Improving the comfort of public transport buildings is a mean to arouse the public interest in its use. The available studies concerning transport stations with semi-outdoor configurations barely emphasize local thermal discomfort. Generally, these studies produce a somewhat superficial approach to the subject, relying on the direct application of the standards (ISO 7730 and ASHRAE 55). Since the characteristics of most transport stations differ from the scope of the standards, the direct application of these standards does not represent the real thermal discomfort due to draught sensed by the users. The aim of this study is to propose a new approach able to predict the percentage of dissatisfied people due to draught in semi-outdoor spaces. An experimental campaign was conducted in a transport station with a semi-outdoor configuration, where 575 passengers were surveyed about the sensation of air movement, while air temperature and air velocity were measured. Through the collected data, it was possible to propose an alternative draught model (aDR) to assess the local thermal discomfort due to draught in semi-outdoor spaces.
Débora Pinto; Ana Rocha; Maria Lurdes Simões; Ricardo Almeida; Eva Barreira; Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos; João Poças Martins. An innovative approach to evaluate local thermal discomfort due to draught in semi-outdoor spaces. Energy and Buildings 2019, 203, 109416 .
AMA StyleDébora Pinto, Ana Rocha, Maria Lurdes Simões, Ricardo Almeida, Eva Barreira, Pedro F. Pereira, Nuno M. M. Ramos, João Poças Martins. An innovative approach to evaluate local thermal discomfort due to draught in semi-outdoor spaces. Energy and Buildings. 2019; 203 ():109416.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDébora Pinto; Ana Rocha; Maria Lurdes Simões; Ricardo Almeida; Eva Barreira; Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos; João Poças Martins. 2019. "An innovative approach to evaluate local thermal discomfort due to draught in semi-outdoor spaces." Energy and Buildings 203, no. : 109416.
The European Union aims to achieve a nearly zero energy balance in buildings by 2020. The present study takes into consideration the passive systems of the building, energy demand, and energy generated by the on-site photovoltaic and storage system, and how they interact in different scenarios. The study also considers the energy demand from the grid and the surplus of renewable energy. The software EnergyPlus was used and the parametric sensitivity simulation method was applied, taking into account blinds operation, ventilation strategies, HVAC operation schemes and battery storage capacity, in 96 scenarios. The results highlight that there is great variability between the considered scenarios, highlighting the importance of sizing methodologies for the passive systems and the use of optimized home management algorithms. It was found that the use of batteries with higher storage capacity increases the demand-supply from the on-site PV energy but decreases the amount of energy injected into the grid. The design of the PV and battery system based on yearly integrated simulations allows for an optimized solution. This study also emphasizes the importance of knowing the expected occupancy during the design phase, as a significant input to the sizing methodologies of the storage capacity and on-site generation.
Karol Bot; Nuno M. M. Ramos; Ricardo Almeida; Pedro F. Pereira; Cláudio Monteiro. Energy performance of buildings with on-site energy generation and storage – An integrated assessment using dynamic simulation. Journal of Building Engineering 2019, 24, 100769 .
AMA StyleKarol Bot, Nuno M. M. Ramos, Ricardo Almeida, Pedro F. Pereira, Cláudio Monteiro. Energy performance of buildings with on-site energy generation and storage – An integrated assessment using dynamic simulation. Journal of Building Engineering. 2019; 24 ():100769.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarol Bot; Nuno M. M. Ramos; Ricardo Almeida; Pedro F. Pereira; Cláudio Monteiro. 2019. "Energy performance of buildings with on-site energy generation and storage – An integrated assessment using dynamic simulation." Journal of Building Engineering 24, no. : 100769.
This book presents the state of the art of two areas: intelligent residential buildings and the behaviour of their occupants. These areas need to be treated together in order to develop new concepts for buildings, which are more efficient, more comfortable and more healthy. The concept of intelligent building is associated with the creation of a management system that takes into account the requirements of the occupants in terms of thermal comfort and their daily activities, maintaining good indoor air quality and minimizing energy consumption. In commercial or office buildings, these systems are already at an intermediate stage of implementation. However, in the residential sector they have yet to be significantly implemented. In mild climates, where the interactions of the occupants with the building mechanisms are the primary way to ensure adequate comfort and ventilation, the importance of occupant behaviour studies and their incorporation in the algorithms of the intelligent buildings becomes even more crucial. This book offers new concepts on how to bring these aspects together.
Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M.M. Ramos; João M.P.Q. Delgado. Intelligent Residential Buildings and the Behaviour of the Occupants. Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier for Healthcare Applications 2019, 1 .
AMA StylePedro F. Pereira, Nuno M.M. Ramos, João M.P.Q. Delgado. Intelligent Residential Buildings and the Behaviour of the Occupants. Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier for Healthcare Applications. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro F. Pereira; Nuno M.M. Ramos; João M.P.Q. Delgado. 2019. "Intelligent Residential Buildings and the Behaviour of the Occupants." Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier for Healthcare Applications , no. : 1.
The development of more energy efficient and smarter buildings must include the perspective of the occupants. The knowledge of occupant behaviour motivations is paramount for the design and implementation of intelligent control systems in buildings. This article presents a methodology to investigate the motivations for relevant actions in dwellings. It allows establishing their seasonality and the parameters that define them among other variation patterns. The methodology uses Spearman's correlation analysis to rank the candidate motivations for specific actions. Both continuous and categorical variables can be considered in the analysis, which allows taking into account a wide range of possible motivations. The methodology is demonstrated in a case study where the windows and the roller shutters opening in different rooms were monitored for one year. It was possible to establish the variation of the occupants' behaviour and depict motivations that had a seasonal pattern. The results highlight that the motivations for actions in a building system, performed by a specific set of occupants, can have significant variance depending on the room and environmental parameters. This dependence enables the determination of the seasonality effect. The obtained results also support the need to evaluate the motivations of occupants at a small scale (compartment scale). Following this strategy, a building management system (BMS) can adjust the operation of the dwelling to its occupants, and thus, achieve true building intelligence and optimisation of the energy efficiency.
Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos. Occupant behaviour motivations in the residential context – An investigation of variation patterns and seasonality effect. Building and Environment 2018, 148, 535 -546.
AMA StylePedro F. Pereira, Nuno M. M. Ramos. Occupant behaviour motivations in the residential context – An investigation of variation patterns and seasonality effect. Building and Environment. 2018; 148 ():535-546.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos. 2018. "Occupant behaviour motivations in the residential context – An investigation of variation patterns and seasonality effect." Building and Environment 148, no. : 535-546.
Occupant behaviour is the subject of the current study. The number of studies in this area has been increasing over the past decade. Monitoring systems are frequently used to collect occupancy data, behaviour drivers and effects of occupant actions. However, installation of such systems is complex, and their optimal placement to obtain the intended data correctly, without disturbing the normal dwelling use, is not straightforward. The present study is a contribution to the analysis of occupant behaviours in dwellings, proposing a novel methodology for the detection of occupant actions through indoor environmental data. An occupied dwelling in Porto, Portugal, was investigated in this work. Temperature, relative humidity and CO2 sensors were set and installed in different rooms. In addition, the occupants completed daily journals to verify some of their actions and their presence in the dwelling. Data gathered from a nearby weather station were used in the assessment of outdoor conditions. The proposed method was used to detect several actions, namely, windows opening, showering, heating and cooking. The principle of the proposed methodology was based on the fact that the effects of occupant actions produce extremes of a parameter time series. An algorithm generated by the application of the proposed method performed the detection of occupant actions. The method was validated using a set of data from the opposite season to be used to establish an algorithm. The proposed method achieved an accuracy of more than 99.7% of all the intended actions to be detected.
Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M.M. Ramos; Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida; M. Lurdes Simões. Methodology for detection of occupant actions in residential buildings using indoor environment monitoring systems. Building and Environment 2018, 146, 107 -118.
AMA StylePedro F. Pereira, Nuno M.M. Ramos, Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida, M. Lurdes Simões. Methodology for detection of occupant actions in residential buildings using indoor environment monitoring systems. Building and Environment. 2018; 146 ():107-118.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro F. Pereira; Nuno M.M. Ramos; Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida; M. Lurdes Simões. 2018. "Methodology for detection of occupant actions in residential buildings using indoor environment monitoring systems." Building and Environment 146, no. : 107-118.
Energy consumption can be divided by sector of activity, but the building consumption differs from country to country.
Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos; João M. P. Q. Delgado. Introduction. Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier for Healthcare Applications 2018, 1 -4.
AMA StylePedro F. Pereira, Nuno M. M. Ramos, João M. P. Q. Delgado. Introduction. Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier for Healthcare Applications. 2018; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos; João M. P. Q. Delgado. 2018. "Introduction." Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier for Healthcare Applications , no. : 1-4.
This literature review evidenced a sustained growth, over the last few years, concerning intelligent building studies and occupant behaviour in buildings.
Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos; João M. P. Q. Delgado. Conclusions. Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier for Healthcare Applications 2018, 51 -55.
AMA StylePedro F. Pereira, Nuno M. M. Ramos, João M. P. Q. Delgado. Conclusions. Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier for Healthcare Applications. 2018; ():51-55.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos; João M. P. Q. Delgado. 2018. "Conclusions." Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier for Healthcare Applications , no. : 51-55.
The present book was the result of an extensive bibliographical research in order to collect information on the state of the art of intelligent buildings and the behaviour of their occupants.
Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos; João M. P. Q. Delgado. State of the Art. Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier for Healthcare Applications 2018, 5 -49.
AMA StylePedro F. Pereira, Nuno M. M. Ramos, João M. P. Q. Delgado. State of the Art. Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier for Healthcare Applications. 2018; ():5-49.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos; João M. P. Q. Delgado. 2018. "State of the Art." Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier for Healthcare Applications , no. : 5-49.
In a residential building context, the installation of a monitoring system to collect occupant behavior data is not an easy job. The monitoring system has to be almost imperceptible to occupants, work well with a low need of maintenance and collect accurate data. These requirements are difficult to be achieved simultaneously. Furthermore, the data collected have some corrupted periods, gaps or outliers. Thus, this work presents a contribution to the improvement of future monitoring campaigns. This study focuses in the analysis of the impact of sensors position on the accuracy of the data, the detection of bad data and a way to avoid it to trick the building management system. The data used in this study was collected in a two-year residential monitoring campaign. In the end, it was possible to conclude that some sensors positions simply do not collect the intended data.
Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos. The Influence of Sensor Placement in the Study of Occupant Behavior in a Residential Building. 2018 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST) 2018, 1 -6.
AMA StylePedro F. Pereira, Nuno M. M. Ramos. The Influence of Sensor Placement in the Study of Occupant Behavior in a Residential Building. 2018 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST). 2018; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro F. Pereira; Nuno M. M. Ramos. 2018. "The Influence of Sensor Placement in the Study of Occupant Behavior in a Residential Building." 2018 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST) , no. : 1-6.
The number of research studies on occupant behaviour is increasing, following four main vectors: needs of the occupants, actions, drivers and building systems. In the specific studies which preceded this one, a large amount of indoor environment data, mainly temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration, was collected. Moreover, the installation of specific sensors to detect occupant behaviour was surmised to not always constitute the best option, due to the complexity of its installation and maintenance, as well as its impacts on occupants. This study presents itself as a contribution to the study of residential occupant behaviour. The statistical tool of Change Point Analysis (CPA) was applied in a methodology devised to detect occupant actions in residential buildings, using data from an indoor environment monitoring system including temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide. The principle of this methodology is based on the fact that occupant actions produce abrupt shifts on the cited parameters. Change point analysis detects the number of abrupt changes in a time series and its precise moments, which are then correlated with occupant actions. In this work, the occupants of a dwelling in Porto, Portugal were studied. In-situ measurements were taken, as well as surveys for the assessment of the main occupant actions. The application of the proposed methodology using CPA was successful. Comparing the results of action detection with the daily journals of the occupants or specific sensors used for the same purpose, an accuracy of 97% in detecting window opening, 97% in showering, 100% in heating and 85% in cooking was obtained.
Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M.M. Ramos. Detection of occupant actions in buildings through change point analysis of in-situ measurements. Energy and Buildings 2018, 173, 365 -377.
AMA StylePedro F. Pereira, Nuno M.M. Ramos. Detection of occupant actions in buildings through change point analysis of in-situ measurements. Energy and Buildings. 2018; 173 ():365-377.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro F. Pereira; Nuno M.M. Ramos. 2018. "Detection of occupant actions in buildings through change point analysis of in-situ measurements." Energy and Buildings 173, no. : 365-377.
The indoor hygrothermal conditions can affect human related quality of life. This subject is of special relevance in the context of social housing, which are frequently overcrowded and lack appropriate heating, ventilation and insulation. In this research, two social housing neighbourhoods were studied in depth: one rehabilitated and another non-rehabilitated. In-situ measurement campaigns, one in winter and one in summer, and structured questionnaires conducted with the inhabitants were used to characterize the performance of the dwellings. The measurements evidenced that the winter indoor environment in the rehabilitated neighbourhood was warmer and less damp. Moreover, the users of the rehabilitated dwellings demonstrated an increased satisfaction with their housing conditions. On the other hand, the administration of the Short Form Health survey (SF36) instrument lead to results where no significant differences were found between the population living in rehabilitated and non-rehabilitated neighbourhoods. A cluster analysis allowed for the identification of two sets of dwellings with significantly different hygrothermal indoor environments that again demonstrated no significant differences regarding the SF36 dimensions. The questions not linked to SF36 had, however, a more successful result highlighting increased satisfaction of the users in the rehabilitated neighbourhood.
Nuno M.M. Ramos; Ricardo Almeida; Maria Lurdes Simões; J.M.P.Q. Delgado; Pedro F. Pereira; António Curado; Sara Soares; Sílvia Fraga. Indoor hygrothermal conditions and quality of life in social housing: A comparison between two neighbourhoods. Sustainable Cities and Society 2018, 38, 80 -90.
AMA StyleNuno M.M. Ramos, Ricardo Almeida, Maria Lurdes Simões, J.M.P.Q. Delgado, Pedro F. Pereira, António Curado, Sara Soares, Sílvia Fraga. Indoor hygrothermal conditions and quality of life in social housing: A comparison between two neighbourhoods. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2018; 38 ():80-90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno M.M. Ramos; Ricardo Almeida; Maria Lurdes Simões; J.M.P.Q. Delgado; Pedro F. Pereira; António Curado; Sara Soares; Sílvia Fraga. 2018. "Indoor hygrothermal conditions and quality of life in social housing: A comparison between two neighbourhoods." Sustainable Cities and Society 38, no. : 80-90.
Pedro F. Pereira; Nuno M.M. Ramos; Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida; M. Lurdes Simões; Eva Barreira. Occupant influence on residential ventilation patterns in mild climate conditions. Energy Procedia 2017, 132, 837 -842.
AMA StylePedro F. Pereira, Nuno M.M. Ramos, Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida, M. Lurdes Simões, Eva Barreira. Occupant influence on residential ventilation patterns in mild climate conditions. Energy Procedia. 2017; 132 ():837-842.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro F. Pereira; Nuno M.M. Ramos; Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida; M. Lurdes Simões; Eva Barreira. 2017. "Occupant influence on residential ventilation patterns in mild climate conditions." Energy Procedia 132, no. : 837-842.
Temperature and relative humidity values, from a sample of 24 flats with homogeneous architectural features and social strata, were continuously measured during the heating season and a typical summer period. The results proved the existence of discomfort during the heating season, revealing energy poverty patterns, but at the same time sensible differences that could only be explained by user actions. This led to a deeper analysis of the data in search of relevant patterns and causes for the inhomogeneity. A methodology for exploring the resulting large data set is proposed in the present paper, based on the application of data mining techniques. The calculation of meaningful percentiles of hygrothermal variables, followed by the application of a principal components analysis, allowed for the cluster analysis to the flats. As a result, clusters with a specific hygrothermal pattern were found, which meant that the factors leading to such performance could be explored, thus revealing the importance of users and their behaviour.
Nuno M. M. Ramos; Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida; Maria Lurdes Simões; Pedro F. Pereira. Knowledge discovery of indoor environment patterns in mild climate countries based on data mining applied to in-situ measurements. Sustainable Cities and Society 2017, 30, 37 -48.
AMA StyleNuno M. M. Ramos, Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida, Maria Lurdes Simões, Pedro F. Pereira. Knowledge discovery of indoor environment patterns in mild climate countries based on data mining applied to in-situ measurements. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2017; 30 ():37-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno M. M. Ramos; Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida; Maria Lurdes Simões; Pedro F. Pereira. 2017. "Knowledge discovery of indoor environment patterns in mild climate countries based on data mining applied to in-situ measurements." Sustainable Cities and Society 30, no. : 37-48.
Adequate airtightness levels are fundamental for the indoor environmental quality and energy efficiency of buildings. The quantitative characterization of expected leaks of common building elements is useful for practitioners that intend to improve building enclosures for airtightness optimization. This study intends to contribute to the quantification of the permeability of windows with a focus on the Southern European context of low airtightness in heavy construction buildings, where windows play an important role. A large experimental investigation was therefore carried out in 23 spaces, establishing three possible set-ups (nothing sealed, window sealed and window and roller-shutter sealed), using the fan pressurization method. A total of 104 tests were performed. Results revealed that the windows’ permeability indices ranged from 4.8 to 96.4 m3/(h m2) and from 1.2 to 30.8 m3/(h m), with average values of 28.7 m3/(h m2) and 8.9 m3/(h m), the roller-shutter contribution can be highly variable; also the year of construction, the frame material and the opening system are the key parameters for the airtightness of windowsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Ricardo Almeida; Nuno M. M. Ramos; Pedro F. Pereira. A contribution for the quantification of the influence of windows on the airtightness of Southern European buildings. Energy and Buildings 2017, 139, 174 -185.
AMA StyleRicardo Almeida, Nuno M. M. Ramos, Pedro F. Pereira. A contribution for the quantification of the influence of windows on the airtightness of Southern European buildings. Energy and Buildings. 2017; 139 ():174-185.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRicardo Almeida; Nuno M. M. Ramos; Pedro F. Pereira. 2017. "A contribution for the quantification of the influence of windows on the airtightness of Southern European buildings." Energy and Buildings 139, no. : 174-185.