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The explosive data growth in the current information age requires consistent new methodologies harmonized with the new IoT era for data analysis in a space–time context. Moreover, intuitive data visualization is a central feature in exploring, interpreting, and extracting specific insights for subsequent numerical data representation. This integrated process is normally based on the definition of relevant metrics and specific performance indicators, both computed upon continuous real-time data, considering the specificities of a particular application case for data validation. This article presents an IoT-oriented evaluation tool for Radon Risk Management (RRM), based on the design of a simple and intuitive Indoor Radon Risk Exposure Indicator (IRREI), specifically tailored to be used as a decision-making aid tool for building owners, building designers, and buildings managers, or simply as an alert flag for the problem awareness of ordinary citizens. The proposed methodology was designed for graphic representation aligned with the requirements of the current IoT age, i.e., the methodology is robust enough for continuous data collection with specific Spatio-temporal attributes and, therefore, a set of adequate Radon risk-related metrics can be extracted and proposed. Metrics are summarized considering the application case, taken as a case study for data validation, by including relevant variables to frame the study, such as the regulatory International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) dosimetric limits, building occupancy (spatial dimension), and occupants’ exposure periods (temporal dimension). This work has the following main contributions: (1) providing a historical perspective regarding RRM indicator evolution along time; (2) outlining both the formulation and the validation of the proposed IRREI indicator; (3) implementing an IoT-oriented methodology for an RRM indicator; and (4) a discussion on Radon risk public perception, undertaken based on the results obtained after assessment of the IRREI indicator by applying a screening questionnaire with a total of 873 valid answers.
Sérgio Lopes; Leonel Nunes; António Curado. Designing an Indoor Radon Risk Exposure Indicator (IRREI): An Evaluation Tool for Risk Management and Communication in the IoT Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7907 .
AMA StyleSérgio Lopes, Leonel Nunes, António Curado. Designing an Indoor Radon Risk Exposure Indicator (IRREI): An Evaluation Tool for Risk Management and Communication in the IoT Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):7907.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSérgio Lopes; Leonel Nunes; António Curado. 2021. "Designing an Indoor Radon Risk Exposure Indicator (IRREI): An Evaluation Tool for Risk Management and Communication in the IoT Age." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 7907.
The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) has been a recurrent view of the physical technological environment, in the light of which it is expected that everyday artifacts are connected, enhancing the availability and ubiquity of “smart” services. Higher education institutions can be seen as a privileged ecosystem for the development of intelligent and smart solutions, due to its dynamic and everyday changing environment, which includes not only physical infrastructures, digital services, but also people, i.e., students, researchers, lecturers, and staff. This work introduces an Application-oriented Architecture-AoA that has been designed to streamline the design and development of “smart” solutions inside the campus, by focusing on the Application side and reshaping the concept of “service” to a piece of “functionality” with a clear and objective purpose, rather than the classic and conventional approach, more focused on the development or technical sides. The proposed approach provides the mechanism to have multiple applications interacting and sharing data and functionalities, ensuring coexistence between new and legacy systems that are in use on the campus, removing the major drawbacks that basic monolithic applications typically require. The generic AoA model is described and the procedure to create a new application is systematized. Lastly, three case studies (RnMonitor, Refill_H2O, and BiRa) are presented end elaborated using the AoA procedure designed to create a new application.
Pedro Martins; Sérgio Lopes; António Rosado da Cruz; António Curado. Towards a Smart & Sustainable Campus: An Application-Oriented Architecture to Streamline Digitization and Strengthen Sustainability in Academia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3189 .
AMA StylePedro Martins, Sérgio Lopes, António Rosado da Cruz, António Curado. Towards a Smart & Sustainable Campus: An Application-Oriented Architecture to Streamline Digitization and Strengthen Sustainability in Academia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3189.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Martins; Sérgio Lopes; António Rosado da Cruz; António Curado. 2021. "Towards a Smart & Sustainable Campus: An Application-Oriented Architecture to Streamline Digitization and Strengthen Sustainability in Academia." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3189.
Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can easily accumulate in indoor environments. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), radon gas is the second largest risk factor associated with lung cancer, after tobacco smoking. People spend at least half their life inside buildings, which are becoming increasingly more hermetic due to the pursuit of high energy efficiency – an increase in ventilation rates tends to increase heat losses. In this context, energy efficiency and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) concepts, if not studied in a balanced way, can move in opposite directions. The introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for continuous assessment of the IAQ can help to achieve an optimally integrated balance between them. This article focus on the specification and design of the RnProbe, an IoT Edge Device developed under the scope of the RnMonitor R&D project whose main objective was the specification and development of a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) for integrated Radon Risk Management in public buildings, such as schools, kindergartens, offices, and hospitals, that are restricted to regular occupancy schedules, so that policymakers and building managers can reduce public health risks associated with the exposure to this pollutant. The device collects, aggregates, and transmits up to the cloud, several indoor environmental parameters. When combined these measurements are used to perform specific mitigation actions in the building, to improve IAQ.
Felisberto Pereira; Sergio Ivan Lopes; Nuno Borges Carvalho; Antonio Curado. RnProbe: A LoRa-Enabled IoT Edge Device for Integrated Radon Risk Management. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 203488 -203502.
AMA StyleFelisberto Pereira, Sergio Ivan Lopes, Nuno Borges Carvalho, Antonio Curado. RnProbe: A LoRa-Enabled IoT Edge Device for Integrated Radon Risk Management. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():203488-203502.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFelisberto Pereira; Sergio Ivan Lopes; Nuno Borges Carvalho; Antonio Curado. 2020. "RnProbe: A LoRa-Enabled IoT Edge Device for Integrated Radon Risk Management." IEEE Access 8, no. : 203488-203502.
Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas formed in the soil with higher predominance in granitic zones. It is a well-known Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) parameter that is measured in higher radon risk zones. The proposed methodology begins with a unidimensional data characterization followed by a multidimensional analysis that will relate radon concentration with other parameters, i.e., Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Indoor Air Pressure. The visual representation of the radon gas concentration variation over the week and throughout the day helped to identify some relevant patterns. A multi-parameter approach was used to analyze the correlation of radon gas concentration with the other parameters, which can be managed to improve the overall IAQ.
Rolando Azevedo; Joaquim P. Silva; Nuno Lopes; António Curado; Sérgio I. Lopes. Short-Term Indoor Radon Gas Assessment in Granitic Public Buildings: A Multi-Parameter Approach. Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems 2020, 415 -418.
AMA StyleRolando Azevedo, Joaquim P. Silva, Nuno Lopes, António Curado, Sérgio I. Lopes. Short-Term Indoor Radon Gas Assessment in Granitic Public Buildings: A Multi-Parameter Approach. Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems. 2020; ():415-418.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRolando Azevedo; Joaquim P. Silva; Nuno Lopes; António Curado; Sérgio I. Lopes. 2020. "Short-Term Indoor Radon Gas Assessment in Granitic Public Buildings: A Multi-Parameter Approach." Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems , no. : 415-418.
A high-occupancy elementary school building recently retrofitted, with low energy consumption and no central climatization systems for heating, cooling and ventilation, located in the North region of Portugal was widely monitored to assess radon risk as a measure of indoor air quality. The experimental campaign was implemented in the spring of 2018 and during a period of one month, the radon gas concentration was continuously assessed. The main goal of the study is to evaluate the influence of variables such as the occupancy, the location of the monitored rooms and ventilation actions that were undertaken, to effectively evaluate the risk to radon exposure in a scenario of very low energy spent for heating, cooling and ventilation. The final results showed that 46% of the rooms exceeded the limit of 300 Bq.m−3 imposed by the Portuguese legislation in force. However, when considering a dosimetric approach reflecting the school building occupation profile (SBOP), by the calculation of the Indoor Annual Effective Dose (IAED), 93% of the rooms were above the occupational dose limit of 1 mSv/year, recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Based on the results, there is evidence that the risk associated to the exposure to radon gas in indoor environments does not depend only on its concentration in the monitored room, but also on the number of occupants, period of occupancy, ventilation rate and on the location of the room in the building.
António Curado; João P. Silva; Sérgio I. Lopes. Radon risk assessment in a low-energy consumption school building: A dosimetric approach for effective risk management. Energy Reports 2020, 6, 897 -902.
AMA StyleAntónio Curado, João P. Silva, Sérgio I. Lopes. Radon risk assessment in a low-energy consumption school building: A dosimetric approach for effective risk management. Energy Reports. 2020; 6 ():897-902.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntónio Curado; João P. Silva; Sérgio I. Lopes. 2020. "Radon risk assessment in a low-energy consumption school building: A dosimetric approach for effective risk management." Energy Reports 6, no. : 897-902.
This study was developed with the purpose of analyzing the heat conduction and air leakage losses, in a habitable attic, to detect heat losses and missing insulation by using infrared thermography inspection. The final goal of the study is to find sustainable refurbishment solutions to increase the thermal comfort and energy efficiency of the attic. A previous study had been made regarding the same building with the purpose of analyzing the reinforcement of the energy performance using, for that, simulation and experimental analysis (1). The developed study stressed the importance of passive retrofitting solutions on improving thermal comfort and energy performance, and pointed out the attic as the room with the highest thermal losses and temperature fluctuations. According to the referred study, the attic has a strong potential of energy efficiency and thermal comfort improvement, however needed a more detailed analysis, mainly using a thermographic inspection. A set of thermograms of the attic walls and roof was undertaken using a FLIR T420bx thermal camera, thus allowing verify the temperature patterns in the attic envelope. A significant temperature gradient was detected in the façades and skylights, revealing strong thermal bridges in some specifics points of this construction elements. These identified pathologies of the building envelope could be corrected with some retrofitting solutions regarding the reinforcement of the thermal insulation of skylights and walls, and the improvement of the air tightness of openings and accesses.
Kevin Aleixo; António Curado. Envelope analysis of a habitable attic by the use of infrared thermography assessment. CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON THERMOPHYSICS 2019 (CEST) 2019, 2116, 250007 .
AMA StyleKevin Aleixo, António Curado. Envelope analysis of a habitable attic by the use of infrared thermography assessment. CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON THERMOPHYSICS 2019 (CEST). 2019; 2116 (1):250007.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKevin Aleixo; António Curado. 2019. "Envelope analysis of a habitable attic by the use of infrared thermography assessment." CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON THERMOPHYSICS 2019 (CEST) 2116, no. 1: 250007.
A. Curado; Vasco P. de Freitas. Influence of thermal insulation of facades on the performance of retrofitted social housing buildings in Southern European countries. Sustainable Cities and Society 2019, 48, 1 .
AMA StyleA. Curado, Vasco P. de Freitas. Influence of thermal insulation of facades on the performance of retrofitted social housing buildings in Southern European countries. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2019; 48 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Curado; Vasco P. de Freitas. 2019. "Influence of thermal insulation of facades on the performance of retrofitted social housing buildings in Southern European countries." Sustainable Cities and Society 48, no. : 1.
The construction of new buildings as well as its retrofitting processes should be ruled by the principles of sustainable design. The applied materials and the construction processes applied in each stage that makes part of the “before use phase” of the building’s life cycle, namely: “pre-construction phase”, “product stage” and “construction process phase”, influence its sustainability. The main objective of this paper is to compare a set of three construction solutions for opaque walls, commonly used in building envelopes, all with the same functional equivalent, i.e. with the same thermal, acoustical and fire protection performance, regarding economical sustainability. In order to evaluate the economical sustainability of the different construction solutions, the EcoSust methodology, based on the European standards framework, will be applied. According to this methodology the result of the economic performance is expressed in monetary units and the result of the sustainability performance by an index of economical sustainability (A+, A, B, C, D, E).
D.A. Ribas; António Curado; Paulo Cachim. Economical sustainability assessment for a set of façade walls with the same function equivalent – comparative analysis. Advances and Trends in Engineering Sciences and Technologies III 2019, 551 -557.
AMA StyleD.A. Ribas, António Curado, Paulo Cachim. Economical sustainability assessment for a set of façade walls with the same function equivalent – comparative analysis. Advances and Trends in Engineering Sciences and Technologies III. 2019; ():551-557.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD.A. Ribas; António Curado; Paulo Cachim. 2019. "Economical sustainability assessment for a set of façade walls with the same function equivalent – comparative analysis." Advances and Trends in Engineering Sciences and Technologies III , no. : 551-557.
The use of smart devices in buildings is many times compromised by its form and size. Smart devices are composed of several components including sensors, boards, batteries, processing units, and antennas. However, the form and size of the smart devices are usually limited due to antenna restrictions. In this paper, we propose the architecture of a compact low-cost LoRa smart device designed for easy deployment in smart building applications. The proposed device architecture features a reduced size embedded antenna and an ultra-low-power microcontroller to interface several sensors and actuators. The results obtained have shown that the proposed design can be used for communication, between two compact LoRa devices, in line-of-sight for up to 4.2 km, in urban environments for up to 1.2 km and also for in-building communications for up to 152 m, without compromising the low-power features that LoRa supports.
Sérgio I. Lopes; Felisberto Pereira; José M. N. Vieira; Nuno B. Carvalho; António Curado. Design of Compact LoRa Devices for Smart Building Applications. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2019, 142 -153.
AMA StyleSérgio I. Lopes, Felisberto Pereira, José M. N. Vieira, Nuno B. Carvalho, António Curado. Design of Compact LoRa Devices for Smart Building Applications. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 2019; ():142-153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSérgio I. Lopes; Felisberto Pereira; José M. N. Vieira; Nuno B. Carvalho; António Curado. 2019. "Design of Compact LoRa Devices for Smart Building Applications." Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering , no. : 142-153.
The World Health Organization (WHO) considers radon gas as one of the most important agents responsible for lung cancer. Hence, radon people exposure in badly ventilated and extensively occupied rooms increases drastically the risk of health problems. Since new legislation is already in force in Portugal to combat radon risk problems, the discussion of a mitigation strategy to reduce occupants’ radon risk exposure is an issue of big actuality, of greater urgency and of extreme necessity. An administrative building made with granite stonework and founded over granite rocks, located in an inner city of Minho region, North of Portugal, was extensively assessed to characterize indoor radon concentration, air temperature and relative humidity in two office rooms, a ground floor and a top floor room. The ground floor office has numerous occupants during large periods, and the radon risk analysis showed hazard concerning radon gas exposure. The experimental assessment involved the use of short-term measurements of one complete week, over winter and summer seasons. The Indoor Effective Dose (IED) calculation, considering a dosimetric approach for the room occupation schedule, allowed concluding that during all working day, the office was above the occupational dose limit of 1 mSv/year, prescribed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). According to results, there is evidence that the occupants’ radon risk exposure is very high, wherefore some remediation measures are mandatory. The room mitigation actions should necessarily involve a set of technical solutions to reduce the potential risk for occupants combined with some awareness-raising activities to alert for risk occupation during large periods. Thus, a radon mitigation strategy is obligatory in order to provide occupants´ protection.
António Curado; João P. Silva; Sérgio I. Lopes. Radon risk analysis in a set of public buildings in Minho region, Portugal: from short-term monitoring to radon risk assessment. Procedia Structural Integrity 2019, 22, 386 -392.
AMA StyleAntónio Curado, João P. Silva, Sérgio I. Lopes. Radon risk analysis in a set of public buildings in Minho region, Portugal: from short-term monitoring to radon risk assessment. Procedia Structural Integrity. 2019; 22 ():386-392.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntónio Curado; João P. Silva; Sérgio I. Lopes. 2019. "Radon risk analysis in a set of public buildings in Minho region, Portugal: from short-term monitoring to radon risk assessment." Procedia Structural Integrity 22, no. : 386-392.
An ancient monastery placed in Ponte de Lima, an inner village in Alto Minho region, North of Portugal, was monitored in order to assess radon gas concentrations. The aim of this paper is to perform a short-term radon gas characterization to assess the radon risk in a school building and therefore propose adequate mitigation strategies. The experimental campaign took place during spring and summer of 2017 and was carried out in 2 complementary steps involving 17 different sites. This study revealed that the radon concentration levels are above the legal limit of 400 Bq.m-3, in 77% of the samples. The value rises to 86% when Euratom Directive limit of 300 Bq.m-3 is considered. Furthermore, the results obtained that indoor radon concentration varies with the occupancy of the rooms, since it is evident that the human ventilation actions have a considerable impact on the reduction of its concentration.
Sérgio I. Lopes; João Silva; Ana Antão; António Curado. Short-term characterization of the indoor air radon concentration in a XII century monastery converted into a school building. Energy Procedia 2018, 153, 303 -308.
AMA StyleSérgio I. Lopes, João Silva, Ana Antão, António Curado. Short-term characterization of the indoor air radon concentration in a XII century monastery converted into a school building. Energy Procedia. 2018; 153 ():303-308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSérgio I. Lopes; João Silva; Ana Antão; António Curado. 2018. "Short-term characterization of the indoor air radon concentration in a XII century monastery converted into a school building." Energy Procedia 153, no. : 303-308.
This paper presents the design methodology used to specify a Human-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical System (HITL-CPS) for online monitoring and active mitigation of the indoor radon gas concentration in non-residential granitic buildings with regular human occupation restricted to a work schedule, such as public buildings like administration offices, schools, kindergartens, etc. The paper follows the methodology that is being carried out in the RnMonitor R&D project in order to design the overall CPS architecture specification using the following approach: i) Conceptual Approach and Application Requirements; ii) Design Specifications and iii) Architecture Definition. At the end, main conclusions are presented alongside with a set of promising avenues for future development.
Sergio I. Lopes; Antonio M. Cruz; Pedro Miguel Moreira; Carlos Abreu; Joaquim Silva; Nuno Lopes; Jose M.N. Vieira; Antonio Curado. On the design of a Human-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical System for online monitoring and active mitigation of indoor Radon gas concentration. 2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) 2018, 1 -8.
AMA StyleSergio I. Lopes, Antonio M. Cruz, Pedro Miguel Moreira, Carlos Abreu, Joaquim Silva, Nuno Lopes, Jose M.N. Vieira, Antonio Curado. On the design of a Human-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical System for online monitoring and active mitigation of indoor Radon gas concentration. 2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). 2018; ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio I. Lopes; Antonio M. Cruz; Pedro Miguel Moreira; Carlos Abreu; Joaquim Silva; Nuno Lopes; Jose M.N. Vieira; Antonio Curado. 2018. "On the design of a Human-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical System for online monitoring and active mitigation of indoor Radon gas concentration." 2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) , no. : 1-8.
The indoor hygrothermal conditions can affect human related quality of life. This subject is of special relevance in the context of social housing, which are frequently overcrowded and lack appropriate heating, ventilation and insulation. In this research, two social housing neighbourhoods were studied in depth: one rehabilitated and another non-rehabilitated. In-situ measurement campaigns, one in winter and one in summer, and structured questionnaires conducted with the inhabitants were used to characterize the performance of the dwellings. The measurements evidenced that the winter indoor environment in the rehabilitated neighbourhood was warmer and less damp. Moreover, the users of the rehabilitated dwellings demonstrated an increased satisfaction with their housing conditions. On the other hand, the administration of the Short Form Health survey (SF36) instrument lead to results where no significant differences were found between the population living in rehabilitated and non-rehabilitated neighbourhoods. A cluster analysis allowed for the identification of two sets of dwellings with significantly different hygrothermal indoor environments that again demonstrated no significant differences regarding the SF36 dimensions. The questions not linked to SF36 had, however, a more successful result highlighting increased satisfaction of the users in the rehabilitated neighbourhood.
Nuno M.M. Ramos; Ricardo Almeida; Maria Lurdes Simões; J.M.P.Q. Delgado; Pedro F. Pereira; António Curado; Sara Soares; Sílvia Fraga. Indoor hygrothermal conditions and quality of life in social housing: A comparison between two neighbourhoods. Sustainable Cities and Society 2018, 38, 80 -90.
AMA StyleNuno M.M. Ramos, Ricardo Almeida, Maria Lurdes Simões, J.M.P.Q. Delgado, Pedro F. Pereira, António Curado, Sara Soares, Sílvia Fraga. Indoor hygrothermal conditions and quality of life in social housing: A comparison between two neighbourhoods. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2018; 38 ():80-90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno M.M. Ramos; Ricardo Almeida; Maria Lurdes Simões; J.M.P.Q. Delgado; Pedro F. Pereira; António Curado; Sara Soares; Sílvia Fraga. 2018. "Indoor hygrothermal conditions and quality of life in social housing: A comparison between two neighbourhoods." Sustainable Cities and Society 38, no. : 80-90.
António Curado; João Silva; Lúcia Carvalho; Sérgio I. Lopes. Indoor Radon concentration assessment in a set of single family houses: case study held in Barcelos, North of Portugal. Energy Procedia 2017, 136, 109 -114.
AMA StyleAntónio Curado, João Silva, Lúcia Carvalho, Sérgio I. Lopes. Indoor Radon concentration assessment in a set of single family houses: case study held in Barcelos, North of Portugal. Energy Procedia. 2017; 136 ():109-114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntónio Curado; João Silva; Lúcia Carvalho; Sérgio I. Lopes. 2017. "Indoor Radon concentration assessment in a set of single family houses: case study held in Barcelos, North of Portugal." Energy Procedia 136, no. : 109-114.
This study was developed with the purpose of analyzing the reinforcement of the energy performance in a detached single-family house to be refurbished, using this building as a case-study for simulation and experimental analysis. The building is located in Viana do Castelo, a city in the northwest of Portugal nearby the Atlantic Ocean. The developed study was carried out in order to characterize the thermal performance of the house, using simulation analysis in a dynamic regime. The energy consumption study was developed in permanent regime analysis, using simulation tools. At the end, the study aimed to propose and define the best retrofitting solutions, both passive and active, and to improve the energy performance of the building. The outcomes of the study provided the importance of passive retrofitting solutions on thermal comfort and energy performance. The use of a set of thermal solutions, as the insulation of the roof, walls and the windows, it is possible to achieve a global gain of 0, 63 °C and to reduce energy consumption in 61, 46 [kWh/m2.year]. The study of the building in a simplified thermal regime, according to the Portuguese energy efficiency regulation, allowed the determination of the energy efficiency class of the house and retrofitting solutions proposed. The initial energy performance class of the building is C. With the application of a passive set of solutions, it’s possible to improve the energy performance to a class B. With the implementation of some active solutions, it is possible to reach an energy class A +.
Kevin Aleixo; António Curado. Energy performance analysis of a detached single-family house to be refurbished. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2016) 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleKevin Aleixo, António Curado. Energy performance analysis of a detached single-family house to be refurbished. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2016). 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKevin Aleixo; António Curado. 2017. "Energy performance analysis of a detached single-family house to be refurbished." INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2016) , no. : 1.
An enhanced knowledge of the users’ behavior is critical for an effective design, since their presence and activities have a strong effect on indoor climate. They on one hand produce thermal loads, moisture loads and pollutants and, on the other hand, perform control actions for shaping the indoor environmental conditions according to their demands. This paper contributes to a methodology for the definition of user behavior, by exploring opportunities and limitations of in-situ investigations. As part of a wider investigation, a dwelling surveyed for one year provided an example of how temperature, relative humidity and CO2 concentration combined with user actions logs can be used for qualitatively draw user profiles and account for the impact on the indoor environment. A connection between moisture production activities and window opening was established. Also in this example, the poor ventilation during winter, with limited window opening, lead to excessive CO2 concentration as a trade of for relatively acceptable indoor temperature.
Nuno M.M. Ramos; António Curado; Ricardo Almeida. Analysis of User Behavior Profiles and Impact on the Indoor Environment in Social Housing of Mild Climate Countries. Energy Procedia 2015, 78, 561 -566.
AMA StyleNuno M.M. Ramos, António Curado, Ricardo Almeida. Analysis of User Behavior Profiles and Impact on the Indoor Environment in Social Housing of Mild Climate Countries. Energy Procedia. 2015; 78 ():561-566.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno M.M. Ramos; António Curado; Ricardo Almeida. 2015. "Analysis of User Behavior Profiles and Impact on the Indoor Environment in Social Housing of Mild Climate Countries." Energy Procedia 78, no. : 561-566.
The current socio-economic conditions of social housing neighborhoods in Portugal, where people generally don’t have heating or cooling habits, determines the adoption of passive retrofitting strategies.A social housing neighborhood in Porto, Portugal, named “Bairro de Lordelo”, with 4 blocks, 179 dwellings and more than 400 inhabitants was recently retrofitted. The retrofitting investment was strictly limited to a maximum value per dwelling and involved the inclusion of thermal insulation in roofs, replacement of windows, and renovation of the ventilation systems. It's main goal was to increase thermal comfort, in a context of inexistence of any heating or cooling systems installed.An indoor climate measurement program was developed for the months of July, August and September of 2012, and the months of December 2012, January and February 2013, in order to evaluate, respectively, summer and winter thermal comfort of the dwellings. The experimental measurements were carried out in 24 dwellings – 4 of the dwellings were measured during the 3 months and the other 20 in periods of 2 and 3 weeks-.The study is focused on the importance of the variability of the vertical and horizontal alignment of an apartment and its occupation, for a certain measurement period, on the indoor air temperature and in the thermal comfort of the occupants, according to adaptive models presented in EN15251 and using some descriptive statistics. As a final result it is expected that its influence can be up to 4°C on the indoor air temperature
António Curado; Vasco P. de Freitas; Nuno M. M. Ramos. Variability Assessment of Thermal Comfort in a Retrofitted Social Housing Neighborhood Based on “In Situ” Measurements. Energy Procedia 2015, 78, 2790 -2795.
AMA StyleAntónio Curado, Vasco P. de Freitas, Nuno M. M. Ramos. Variability Assessment of Thermal Comfort in a Retrofitted Social Housing Neighborhood Based on “In Situ” Measurements. Energy Procedia. 2015; 78 ():2790-2795.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntónio Curado; Vasco P. de Freitas; Nuno M. M. Ramos. 2015. "Variability Assessment of Thermal Comfort in a Retrofitted Social Housing Neighborhood Based on “In Situ” Measurements." Energy Procedia 78, no. : 2790-2795.
Nuno M.M. Ramos; Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida; António Curado; Pedro F. Pereira; Sofia Manuel; Joana Maia. Airtightness and ventilation in a mild climate country rehabilitated social housing buildings – What users want and what they get. Building and Environment 2015, 92, 97 -110.
AMA StyleNuno M.M. Ramos, Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida, António Curado, Pedro F. Pereira, Sofia Manuel, Joana Maia. Airtightness and ventilation in a mild climate country rehabilitated social housing buildings – What users want and what they get. Building and Environment. 2015; 92 ():97-110.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno M.M. Ramos; Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida; António Curado; Pedro F. Pereira; Sofia Manuel; Joana Maia. 2015. "Airtightness and ventilation in a mild climate country rehabilitated social housing buildings – What users want and what they get." Building and Environment 92, no. : 97-110.