Decentralized diagnostics is undergoing a transformative shift from qualitative screening to high-precision quantification, driven by the clinical demand for rapid, point-of-care (POC) syndromic triage. Multiplexed lateral flow immunoassays (mLFIAs) serve as the foundational platform for this transition. However, their performance is limited by systemic factors such as fluidic lag, conjugate depletion, and spectral crosstalk. This review evaluates recent advances in engineered nanomaterials and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven detection as the dual pillars of next-generation multiplexing. The review covers different types of nanomaterial reporters—such as multicolor quantum dots, surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanotags, upconversion nanoparticles, surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles, and fluorescent nanodiamonds—that help address analytical challenges in lateral flow assays. We then discuss AI and machine learning methods, including convolutional neural networks, support vector machines, random forests, and transfer learning, that convert raw multi-channel signals into useful clinical data. Finally, we highlight the main challenges that still need to be addressed before these platforms can become WHO-ASSURED-compliant POC devices. The combination of engineered nanomaterial reporters and computational intelligence is transforming lateral flow assays into quantitative tools that can provide lab-quality clinical information at the POC.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a widely used chemical as an eco-friendly oxidizing agent, with water being the only byproduct of oxidation in applications like bleaching pulp and paper, making electronic semiconductors, chemical and detergent synthesis, and wastewater treatment. The direct synthesis approach is preferred to provide the environmentally friendly production of H2O2 for market requirements. Bimetallic PdNi nanocatalysts were chosen for this study because of their catalytic activity and the structural characteristics of the material system. First, for the development of order-structured bimetallic PdNi nanocatalysts based on mesoporous carbon template after hydrogen-assisted heat treatment at 750∘C. The transformation of the disordered structure into ordered intermetallically structured PdNi alloys with higher alloying extents was confirmed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and high-resolution transition electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Then, to improve the oxygen oxidation reaction, two-electron pathway selectivity was used by TiO2-C as a support-ordered structure material to facilitate strong metal-support interactions. XAS and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) techniques show more clear evidence of metal-support interactions with electron transfer from defects in the TiO2-C support to the ordered alloyed PdNi nanocatalysts, resulting in record productivity and selectivity of H2O2 production at ambient conditions. The results demonstrated in this study will enlighten a reliable design of new heterogeneous nanocatalysts with ordered structure. Electron transfer between hybrid support and active sites can clarify the catalytic behavior and prompt further research during the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Keywords: hydrogen peroxide, direct synthesis, heterogeneous nanocatalysts PdNi, TiO2-C

Mn _x Ni _{1‐ x} Fe ₂ O ₄ ( x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) spinel ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol–gel auto‐combustion route to explore composition‐driven tuning of structural and magnetic properties. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the formation of a single‐phase cubic spinel structure with crystallite sizes of 17–28 nm and characteristic metal–oxygen vibrations at tetrahedral and octahedral sites. TGA under nitrogen revealed multi‐step mass losses due to dehydration and pyrolytic decomposition, with Ni‐rich samples exhibiting greater thermal stability than Mn‐rich ones. SEM micrographs revealed nearly spherical nanoparticles with slight agglomeration, and EDX analysis confirmed the stoichiometric composition. VSM measurements revealed typical soft ferrimagnetic behavior with low coercivity (90‐120 Oe). The saturation magnetization (M _s ) exhibited a composition‐dependent trend, decreasing from 26.5 emu·g ⁻¹ for NiFe ₂ O ₄ to 13.0 emu·g ⁻¹ for Mn _0.5 Ni _0.5 Fe ₂ O ₄ , followed by an increase to 19.4 emu·g ⁻¹ for MnFe ₂ O ₄ . The nonlinear variation of M _s arises from cation redistribution between A and B sites, which modifies Fe ³⁺ –O ^2‒ –Fe ³⁺ /Ni ²⁺ /Mn ²⁺ superexchange interactions. The observed relationship between thermal stability and magnetization properties highlights the significant role of synthesis chemistry in controlling cation ordering, thereby enabling compositionally tunable soft magnetic ferrites for multifunctional technological applications.

Background: Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) has been caused the substantial lost of production in shrimp farms in Vietnam. This study investigated the prevalence of EHP in white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture in Vinh Long province, Vietnam and examined the effect of bamboo charcoal on survival, growth and EHP control in white leg shrimp. Methods: A total of 58 shrimp samples collected randomly from 58 shrimp ponds at 53 shrimp farms in Vinh Long province was examined for the prevalence of EHP. Beside that, feed supplemented bamboo charcoal (FSBC) at 0%, 1% and 2% was examined for their effects on survival and growth of white leg shrimp and EHP control in white leg shrimp culture. Result: This study found that EHP can be detected in 28/58 (48.28%) in white leg shrimp samples collected from shrimp ponds. Common clinical symptoms of EHP infected shrimp showed slow growth, size variation, segmented intestinal food and pale hepatopancreas (HP). Several EHP positive samples were found with white feces syndrome. After 3 weeks of culture, FSBC showed no effect on survival and growth of white leg shrimp. After 2 weeks fed EHP infected tissue, shrimp fed bamboo charcoal showed significantly higher survival rates compared to animals fed feed without bamboo charcoal and the cycle threshold value by real time PCR in shrimp fed FSBC at 2% was significantly higher than that in shrimp fed feed without bamboo charcoal. In conclusion, EHP was prevalent relatively high in white leg shrimp ponds in Vinh Long province, Vietnam and bamboo charcoal could be a potential source in EHP control in white leg shrimp culture.