This article identifies seasonality profiles for three stages of housing construction. The profiles were determined as average monthly values obtained for permits issued for the construction of new apartments, for apartments whose construction has begun, and for apartments put into operation. The research process showed that there are differences in seasonality profiles between investments carried out by individual investors and those who build apartments for sale or rent. The research clearly showed that the development of reports and analyses for the housing market should include a breakdown of the market for the activities of individual developers as well as those operating as investments. Unfortunately, at present, reports on the real estate market are developed in total terms, which significantly reduces their utilitarian application. Taking into account the recommendations of the research will allow for sustainable development of the housing market in such a way that the market will strengthen its resilience to the occurrence of cyclical fluctuations, among other things.

The aim of this research is to analyse the correlation between public intervention in Poland within the Regional Operational Programmes and the key macroeconomic variables for the sustainable development of regions, i.e., the labour market, with particular emphasis on the unemployment rate and the level of employment; the average monthly remuneration; the residential construction market, with particular emphasis on the number of permits issued for the construction of apartments and the number of apartments under construction. The research and the analyses carried out on the basis of the above-mentioned aspects made it possible to indicate the relations between the studied macroeconomic indicators and the EU funds spending in Polish provinces, which will enable the implementation of the sustainable development policy. The capitals used in the research process are very important components of the region’s and country’s sustainable development. In the research, a calculation methodology was applied based on the analysis of time variability of the examined determinants, their correlation and regression relationships. The tools and methods of data analysis used allowed the quantification of the relationship between the macroeconomic determinants studied and the pace and value of payments made. The conducted analyses have shown a positive influence of the payments made in Poland within the framework of Regional Operational Programmes on selected macroeconomic indicators, i.e., regional economic and social-institutional capitals. The research results obtained may have a practical decision-making aspect for regional and national authorities responsible for the disbursement of EU funds.

Aiming at solving the problem of manually measuring the fabric surface thickness, this paper proposes a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method based on the tangential two-dimensional (2D) sequence images. Firstly, the characteristic region of the fabric surface is extracted. Secondly, the image is splitting based on the maximum between-class variance method. Thirdly, the splitting image is processed by the morphological method. Fourthly, the canny operator is used to obtain the edge detection for calculating the edge contour coordinate. Finally, the surf function is used to reconstruct the 3D model of the fabric surface. To evaluate the performance of the proposed 3D model, the thickness and relief degree of the fabric surface are used, and the comparison between the proposed method and the manual measurement is carried out. The results demonstrate that, under a reasonable relief degree condition, the proposed method is more effective to evaluate the thickness of the fabric surface and the estimated thickness is more accurate than the manually measured one.

Econometrics = Ekonometria, 2023, Vol. 27, No. 4, s. 29-43

This study employs a Nonlinear Autoregressive with eXogenous inputs (NARX) neural network to model the dynamics of the housing construction market in Poland, with a distinction made between segments of developers and individual investors. The dataset under analysis contains the 19-year data corresponding to the numbers of housing units approved for construction, under construction, and completed. The NARX model was calibrated thoroughly to suit unique characteristics of the data, with an emphasis put on the hidden layer size and delay parameters, to capture the estate market's nonlinear trends. Results show a very high efficiency of NARX models and highlight distinct patterns and dynamics in the housing completion, construction starts, and permit issuance between the two market segments. These variations are vital for understanding the distinct forces and trends shaping the developers’ and individual investors’ markets in the Polish housing sector. Findings of the analysis provide valuable insight into the nanced functioning of these market segments.

This article conducts a comprehensive correlation analysis to explore the relationship between the development volume by developers and average market prices in Poland's housing sector from 2010 to 2023, utilizing quarterly data on the number of apartments released and their average prices. It employs both linear and nonlinear correlation analysis alongside wavelet coherence analysis. Preliminary correlational analysis offered insights into the basic interdependency patterns, highlighting how developer-supplied apartment numbers impact average prices. Wavelet coherence analysis, a more sophisticated approach, decomposed the data across various frequencies to uncover complex, nonlinear relationship patterns potentially missed by conventional correlation methods. The findings of the study highlight significant connections between the variables that vary over time and space, emphasizing the complexity of the housing market and underscoring the necessity for thorough analysis. These results carry important implications for developers, investors, and housing policy formulation, contributing significantly to understanding Poland's residential real estate market dynamics and supporting further research and strategic real estate industry planning.