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Prof. Ehsan Bari
Department of Wood Sciences and Engineering, Technical Faculty of No. 2, Sari Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Mazandaran, Iran

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0 wood degradation
0 wood protection
0 wood modification
0 wood preservation

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wood decay
wood degradation

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Short Biography

Ehsan Bari currently works at Department of Wood Sciences and Engineering, Technical and Vocational University of Sari (Iran). Ehsan does research in Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Mycology, Tree and Wood Pathobiology. Their current project is 'Fungal destructive behaviors.'

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Review
Published: 27 August 2021 in Polymers
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Rapid global population growth has led to an exponential increase in the use of disposable materials with a short life span that accumulate in landfills. The use of non-biodegradable materials causes severe damage to the environment worldwide. Polymers derived from agricultural residues, wood, or other fiber crops are fully biodegradable, creating the potential to be part of a sustainable circular economy. Ideally, natural fibers, such as the extremely strong fibers from hemp, can be combined with matrix materials such as the core or hurd from hemp or kenaf to produce a completely renewable biomaterial. However, these materials cannot always meet all of the performance attributes required, necessitating the creation of blends of petroleum-based and renewable material-based composites. This article reviews composites made from natural and biodegradable polymers, as well as the challenges encountered in their production and use.

ACS Style

Ehsan Bari; Asghar Sistani; Jeffrey J. Morrell; Antonio Pizzi; Mohammad Reza Akbari; Javier Ribera. Current Strategies for the Production of Sustainable Biopolymer Composites. Polymers 2021, 13, 2878 .

AMA Style

Ehsan Bari, Asghar Sistani, Jeffrey J. Morrell, Antonio Pizzi, Mohammad Reza Akbari, Javier Ribera. Current Strategies for the Production of Sustainable Biopolymer Composites. Polymers. 2021; 13 (17):2878.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ehsan Bari; Asghar Sistani; Jeffrey J. Morrell; Antonio Pizzi; Mohammad Reza Akbari; Javier Ribera. 2021. "Current Strategies for the Production of Sustainable Biopolymer Composites." Polymers 13, no. 17: 2878.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2021 in Forests
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Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests in Iran are one of the most important sources of the hardwood species used for lumber, furniture, and interior object design due to its hardness, wear resistance, strength, and excellent bending capabilities. Furthermore, Iran is third most important country for walnut wood production after China and United States. Therefore, in this study, we compared specific mechanical properties between beech wood obtained from Sangdeh (Iran) and Georgia and four different kinds of walnut woods in Iran. Physical and mechanical tests were performed according to ISO 3129 (2012) and ASTM (D143-14) standards. The moisture content of all samples was 12% during mechanical tests. The mean dry density of Sangdeh and Georgian beech obtained was 0.61 and 0.65 g/cm3, respectively, while the mean dry density of Noor, Shahrekord, Mashhad, and Mako walnut woods measured 0.62, 0.59, 0.62, and 0.57 g/cm3, respectively. The results showed significant differences among the properties of the Sangdeh and Georgian species and the four different walnut tree woods. Overall, the obtained strengths of Georgian timber were higher than that of the Iranian beech, which was attributed to the higher density of Georgian timber. Furthermore, due to the higher density of the walnut species in the Noor and Mashhad regions, the measured mechanical strengths of these trees were higher than those of other walnut species. The obtained results provide relevant information to determinate the future applications of each wood source.

ACS Style

Mohammad Najafian Ashrafi; Hooman Shaabani Asrami; Zeynolabedin Vosoughi Rudgar; Mohammad Ghorbanian Far; Ali Heidari; Esmail Rastbod; Hamed Jafarzadeh; Mohammad Salehi; Ehsan Bari; Javier Ribera. Comparison of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Beech and Walnut Wood from Iran and Georgian Beech. Forests 2021, 12, 801 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Najafian Ashrafi, Hooman Shaabani Asrami, Zeynolabedin Vosoughi Rudgar, Mohammad Ghorbanian Far, Ali Heidari, Esmail Rastbod, Hamed Jafarzadeh, Mohammad Salehi, Ehsan Bari, Javier Ribera. Comparison of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Beech and Walnut Wood from Iran and Georgian Beech. Forests. 2021; 12 (6):801.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Najafian Ashrafi; Hooman Shaabani Asrami; Zeynolabedin Vosoughi Rudgar; Mohammad Ghorbanian Far; Ali Heidari; Esmail Rastbod; Hamed Jafarzadeh; Mohammad Salehi; Ehsan Bari; Javier Ribera. 2021. "Comparison of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Beech and Walnut Wood from Iran and Georgian Beech." Forests 12, no. 6: 801.

Journal article
Published: 26 January 2021 in Microorganisms
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The biotechnological potential of nine decay fungi collected from stored beech logs at a pulp and paper factory yard in Northern Iran was investigated. Beech blocks exposed to the fungi in a laboratory decay test were used to study changes in cell wall chemistry using both wet chemistry and spectroscopic methods. Pleurotus ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, and Lentinus sajor-caju caused greater lignin breakdown compared to other white-rot fungi, which led to a 28% reduction in refining energy. Trametesversicolor caused the greatest glucan loss, while P. ostreatus and L. sajor-caju were associated with the lowest losses of this sugar. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses indicated that white-rot fungi caused greater lignin degradation in the cell walls via the oxidation aromatic rings, confirming the chemical analysis. The rate of cellulose and lignin degradation by the T.versicolor and Pleurotus species was high compared to the other decay fungi analyzed in this study. Based on the above information, we propose that, among the fungi tested, P. ostreatus (27.42% lignin loss and 1.58% cellulose loss) and L. sajor-caju (29.92% lignin loss and 5.95% cellulose loss) have the greatest potential for biopulping.

ACS Style

Ehsan Bari; Katie Ohno; Nural Yilgor; Adya Singh; Jeffrey Morrell; Antonio Pizzi; Mohammad Tajick Ghanbary; Javier Ribera. Characterizing Fungal Decay of Beech Wood: Potential for Biotechnological Applications. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 247 .

AMA Style

Ehsan Bari, Katie Ohno, Nural Yilgor, Adya Singh, Jeffrey Morrell, Antonio Pizzi, Mohammad Tajick Ghanbary, Javier Ribera. Characterizing Fungal Decay of Beech Wood: Potential for Biotechnological Applications. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (2):247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ehsan Bari; Katie Ohno; Nural Yilgor; Adya Singh; Jeffrey Morrell; Antonio Pizzi; Mohammad Tajick Ghanbary; Javier Ribera. 2021. "Characterizing Fungal Decay of Beech Wood: Potential for Biotechnological Applications." Microorganisms 9, no. 2: 247.

Chapter
Published: 22 January 2021 in Eco-Friendly Adhesives for Wood and Natural Fiber Composites
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Different resins are used for composites manufacturing, with most of them being based on oil. Synthetic resins are the most commonly used oil-based products in the world. Synthetic resins are widely used to bond wood-based panels. The typical adhesives for this application are oil-based. Most of the constituents of these adhesives present a high risks due to their environmental and human impact. Some of the compounds used are even now classed as carcinogenic. For example, urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins, which are widely used as adhesive, provide emission of carcinogenic formaldehyde gas. But, today, eco-friendly materials are increasingly applied as awareness increases in recent years of the consequences of using oil-based products. Thus, this chapter tries to introduce the environment-friendly adhesives both suitable as well as accessible to use for bio-composites manufacturing by exposing their advantages and disadvantages.

ACS Style

Saman Ghahri; Ehsan Bari; Antonio A. Pizzi. The Challenge of Environment-Friendly Adhesives for Bio-Composites. Eco-Friendly Adhesives for Wood and Natural Fiber Composites 2021, 195 -229.

AMA Style

Saman Ghahri, Ehsan Bari, Antonio A. Pizzi. The Challenge of Environment-Friendly Adhesives for Bio-Composites. Eco-Friendly Adhesives for Wood and Natural Fiber Composites. 2021; ():195-229.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saman Ghahri; Ehsan Bari; Antonio A. Pizzi. 2021. "The Challenge of Environment-Friendly Adhesives for Bio-Composites." Eco-Friendly Adhesives for Wood and Natural Fiber Composites , no. : 195-229.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2020 in Microorganisms
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Fungal wood decay strategies are influenced by several factors, such as wood species, moisture content, and temperature. This study aims to evaluate wood degradation characteristics of spruce, beech, and oak after exposure to the white-rot fungi Pleurotusostreatus and Trametesversicolor. Both fungi caused high mass losses in beech wood, while spruce and oak wood were more resistant to decay. The moisture content values of the decayed wood correlated with the mass losses for all three wood species and incubation periods. Combined microscopic and chemical studies indicated that the two fungi differed in their decay behavior. While T. versicolor produced a decay pattern (cell wall erosion) typical of white-rot fungi in all wood species, P. ostreatus caused cell wall erosion in spruce and beech and soft-rot type I (cavity formation) decay in oak wood. These observations suggest that P. ostreatus may have the capacity to produce a wider range of enzymes/radicals triggered by the chemical composition of wood cell walls and/or local compositional variability within the cell wall.

ACS Style

Ehsan Bari; Geoffrey Daniel; Nural Yilgor; Jong Sik Kim; Mohammad Ali Tajick-Ghanbary; Adya P. Singh; Javier Ribera. Comparison of the Decay Behavior of Two White-Rot Fungi in Relation to Wood Type and Exposure Conditions. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1931 .

AMA Style

Ehsan Bari, Geoffrey Daniel, Nural Yilgor, Jong Sik Kim, Mohammad Ali Tajick-Ghanbary, Adya P. Singh, Javier Ribera. Comparison of the Decay Behavior of Two White-Rot Fungi in Relation to Wood Type and Exposure Conditions. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (12):1931.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ehsan Bari; Geoffrey Daniel; Nural Yilgor; Jong Sik Kim; Mohammad Ali Tajick-Ghanbary; Adya P. Singh; Javier Ribera. 2020. "Comparison of the Decay Behavior of Two White-Rot Fungi in Relation to Wood Type and Exposure Conditions." Microorganisms 8, no. 12: 1931.

Journal article
Published: 14 May 2019 in Holzforschung
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The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of acetyl and methyl bonds on the physical, mechanical, photochemical and biological resistance properties of hornbeam wood. Carpinus betulus (hornbeam) wood is considered to be a less valuable species due to poor durability. In order to improve its properties, a novel and simple method was applied to modify wood samples. Hence, wood samples were modified by either acetylation or methylation at four treatment levels. Reactions between hornbeam wood and the formalin and acetic acid treatment system were successful as exemplified by increased mass [weight percent gain (WPG)], slightly better compression strength and considerably improved impact bending strength. Furthermore, the biological decay resistance of the treated wood samples increased for all of the treatments.

ACS Style

Ehsan Bari; Ali Jamali; Nouredin Nazarnezhad; Darrel D. Nicholas; Miha Humar; Mohammad Najafian. An innovative method for the chemical modification of Carpinus betulus wood: a methodology and approach study. Holzforschung 2019, 73, 839 -846.

AMA Style

Ehsan Bari, Ali Jamali, Nouredin Nazarnezhad, Darrel D. Nicholas, Miha Humar, Mohammad Najafian. An innovative method for the chemical modification of Carpinus betulus wood: a methodology and approach study. Holzforschung. 2019; 73 (9):839-846.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ehsan Bari; Ali Jamali; Nouredin Nazarnezhad; Darrel D. Nicholas; Miha Humar; Mohammad Najafian. 2019. "An innovative method for the chemical modification of Carpinus betulus wood: a methodology and approach study." Holzforschung 73, no. 9: 839-846.

Original article
Published: 22 February 2019 in Forest Pathology
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Wood‐decay fungi are important in forest ecosystems and play an important role in nutrient and carbon recycling. The scope of this research was to identify wood‐inhabiting and wood‐decay macrofungi and determine their ecology. We sampled standing trees and dead wood of oak and hornbeam in the northern forests of Iran, specifically in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. We assessed the influence of field slope, elevation, site direction and the height of fungal sporocarp position on the tree. The species of wood‐inhabiting and wood‐decay fungi belonged to 11 families: Polyporaceae; Stereaceae; Ganodermataceae; Physalacriaceae; Agaricaceae; Xylariaceae; Pluteaceae; Coprinaceae; Strophariaceae; Pleurotaceae; and Hydnaceae. The most common fungal species identified belonged to the Polyporaceae and Ganodermataceae and predominantly grew on trees growing on a slope of 20%, at an altitude of 700–900 m, 0–3 m from the ground a southwesterly site direction and the northern sides of both tree species. These results indicated that field slope was the most important factor in determining fungal sporocarp abundance.

ACS Style

Ehsan Bari; Hamed Aghajani; Katie M. Ohno; Roya Shahi; Mike D. C. Hale; Mohsen Bahmani. Ecology of wood-inhabiting fungi in northern forests of Iran. Forest Pathology 2019, 49, e12501 .

AMA Style

Ehsan Bari, Hamed Aghajani, Katie M. Ohno, Roya Shahi, Mike D. C. Hale, Mohsen Bahmani. Ecology of wood-inhabiting fungi in northern forests of Iran. Forest Pathology. 2019; 49 (2):e12501.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ehsan Bari; Hamed Aghajani; Katie M. Ohno; Roya Shahi; Mike D. C. Hale; Mohsen Bahmani. 2019. "Ecology of wood-inhabiting fungi in northern forests of Iran." Forest Pathology 49, no. 2: e12501.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2018 in International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation
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Decay patterns occurring in wood of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) during natural decay in vivo were investigated and compared to decay in artificially inoculated wood in vitro. The fungal species causing decay was determined by morphological characterization and confirmed as Trametes versicolor using rDNA-ITS PCR and sequencing. T. versicolor caused degradation with properties of both simultaneous and selective white-rot. Chemical and FT-IR analyses suggested that T. versicolor caused severe reduction of lignin-carbohydrate complexes and guaiacyl lignin within the cell walls during natural decay. Under the light microscope, it was clear that decomposition of cell elements in the reaction zones of naturally decayed wood was greater than in inoculated wood. Histological analyses of inoculated wood blocks suggested that T. versicolor was able to switch from a typical simultaneous rot to selective delignification, with degradation of the middle lamella, and of lignin in cell corners. The results of our work demonstrated that test fungus able to attack the hornbeam tree by saprotrophic and parasitic life strategies.

ACS Style

Ehsan Bari; Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei; Maryam Karim; Mohsen Bahmani; Olaf Schmidt; Steve Woodward; Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary; Asghar Sistani. Decay of Carpinus betulus wood by Trametes versicolor - An anatomical and chemical study. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 2018, 137, 68 -77.

AMA Style

Ehsan Bari, Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei, Maryam Karim, Mohsen Bahmani, Olaf Schmidt, Steve Woodward, Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary, Asghar Sistani. Decay of Carpinus betulus wood by Trametes versicolor - An anatomical and chemical study. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 2018; 137 ():68-77.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ehsan Bari; Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei; Maryam Karim; Mohsen Bahmani; Olaf Schmidt; Steve Woodward; Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary; Asghar Sistani. 2018. "Decay of Carpinus betulus wood by Trametes versicolor - An anatomical and chemical study." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 137, no. : 68-77.

Article
Published: 12 October 2018 in Polymer Composites
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Lignocellulosic composites have a long history of use as building materials including deck, fences, landscaping timber, and indoor furniture. The use of bamboo in polymer‐based composite remains limited because of the lack of fundamental information on the resulting properties of these materials. The properties of a 40%–60% Giant thorny bamboo (Bambusa arundinacea) (by wt) composite containing high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), and polypropylene (PP) was investigated with injection‐molded panels. Flexural properties, impact bending, and tensile strength as well as physical properties such as water uptake and swelling were investigated to assess the effects of varying bamboo content on properties of bamboo/plastic composite (BPC). Increasing bamboo levels had significant effects on flexural properties and tensile strength but little consistent effect on either impact strength or moisture behavior. Our results suggest that it Giant thorny bamboo could be added to reduce both the costs and weight of the finished product without adversely impacting properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

ACS Style

Ehsan Bari; Jeffrey J. Morrell; Asqar Sistani; Farhood Firoozbehi; Yaser Haghdoost; Mohammad Najafian; Abbas Ghorbani. Assessment of physical and mechanical properties of bamboo–plastic composites. Polymer Composites 2018, 40, 2834 -2839.

AMA Style

Ehsan Bari, Jeffrey J. Morrell, Asqar Sistani, Farhood Firoozbehi, Yaser Haghdoost, Mohammad Najafian, Abbas Ghorbani. Assessment of physical and mechanical properties of bamboo–plastic composites. Polymer Composites. 2018; 40 (7):2834-2839.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ehsan Bari; Jeffrey J. Morrell; Asqar Sistani; Farhood Firoozbehi; Yaser Haghdoost; Mohammad Najafian; Abbas Ghorbani. 2018. "Assessment of physical and mechanical properties of bamboo–plastic composites." Polymer Composites 40, no. 7: 2834-2839.

Contributors
Published: 21 September 2018 in Durability and Life Prediction in Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites
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ACS Style

Hind Abdellaoui; Norrahim Abu Bakar; Pingkan Aditiawati; Siti Madiha Muhammad Amir; Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin; Nadir Ayrilmis; Mohd Edyazuan Azni; Ehsan Bari; Debes Bhattacharyya; Rachid Bouhfid; Yern Chee Ching; Kuan Yong Ching; Cheng Hock Chuah; Oisik Das; Rudi Dungani; Hamid Essabir; Piyush P. Gohil; Tms Udenni Gunathilake; Sri Hartati; Mikael S. Hedenqvist; Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak; Mohammad Jawaid; Charles-Amani Kakou; Tati Karliati; Nozieana Khairuddin; Nam Kyeun Kim; Z. Leman; Nai-Shang Liou; M. Manojprabhakar; M.R. Mansor; M.T. Mastura; K. Mayandi; Shukri Mohd; Aishah Mohd Marsin; Jeffrey J. Morrell; Ida Idayu Muhamad; Nazrul Islam; Norhayati Pa'e; Hiral H. Parikh; Abou El Kacem Qaiss; Marya Raji; N. Rajini; G. Ramakrishna; Noorshazlin Razali; Syafiqah Nur Azrie Bt Safri; Mohd Harfiz Salehudin; Khairul Anuar Mohd Salleh; Eraricar Salleh; Viorel Sandu; S.M. Sapuan; Ain Umaira Md Shah; Mohaiman Jaffar Sharba; Suchart Siengchin; Ramesh Singh; Asghar Sistani; Nurjaman A. Sri Aprilia; Nadendla Srinivasababu; Aminudin Sulaeman; M.T.H. Sultan; Ihak Sumardi; T. Sundararajan; Sutrisno; Karnita Yuniarti; Abd Halim Mohd Yusof; Khairul Azly Zahan; A.Z. Zainudin; Nadia Zari. List of contributors. Durability and Life Prediction in Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Hind Abdellaoui, Norrahim Abu Bakar, Pingkan Aditiawati, Siti Madiha Muhammad Amir, Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin, Nadir Ayrilmis, Mohd Edyazuan Azni, Ehsan Bari, Debes Bhattacharyya, Rachid Bouhfid, Yern Chee Ching, Kuan Yong Ching, Cheng Hock Chuah, Oisik Das, Rudi Dungani, Hamid Essabir, Piyush P. Gohil, Tms Udenni Gunathilake, Sri Hartati, Mikael S. Hedenqvist, Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak, Mohammad Jawaid, Charles-Amani Kakou, Tati Karliati, Nozieana Khairuddin, Nam Kyeun Kim, Z. Leman, Nai-Shang Liou, M. Manojprabhakar, M.R. Mansor, M.T. Mastura, K. Mayandi, Shukri Mohd, Aishah Mohd Marsin, Jeffrey J. Morrell, Ida Idayu Muhamad, Nazrul Islam, Norhayati Pa'e, Hiral H. Parikh, Abou El Kacem Qaiss, Marya Raji, N. Rajini, G. Ramakrishna, Noorshazlin Razali, Syafiqah Nur Azrie Bt Safri, Mohd Harfiz Salehudin, Khairul Anuar Mohd Salleh, Eraricar Salleh, Viorel Sandu, S.M. Sapuan, Ain Umaira Md Shah, Mohaiman Jaffar Sharba, Suchart Siengchin, Ramesh Singh, Asghar Sistani, Nurjaman A. Sri Aprilia, Nadendla Srinivasababu, Aminudin Sulaeman, M.T.H. Sultan, Ihak Sumardi, T. Sundararajan, Sutrisno, Karnita Yuniarti, Abd Halim Mohd Yusof, Khairul Azly Zahan, A.Z. Zainudin, Nadia Zari. List of contributors. Durability and Life Prediction in Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hind Abdellaoui; Norrahim Abu Bakar; Pingkan Aditiawati; Siti Madiha Muhammad Amir; Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin; Nadir Ayrilmis; Mohd Edyazuan Azni; Ehsan Bari; Debes Bhattacharyya; Rachid Bouhfid; Yern Chee Ching; Kuan Yong Ching; Cheng Hock Chuah; Oisik Das; Rudi Dungani; Hamid Essabir; Piyush P. Gohil; Tms Udenni Gunathilake; Sri Hartati; Mikael S. Hedenqvist; Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak; Mohammad Jawaid; Charles-Amani Kakou; Tati Karliati; Nozieana Khairuddin; Nam Kyeun Kim; Z. Leman; Nai-Shang Liou; M. Manojprabhakar; M.R. Mansor; M.T. Mastura; K. Mayandi; Shukri Mohd; Aishah Mohd Marsin; Jeffrey J. Morrell; Ida Idayu Muhamad; Nazrul Islam; Norhayati Pa'e; Hiral H. Parikh; Abou El Kacem Qaiss; Marya Raji; N. Rajini; G. Ramakrishna; Noorshazlin Razali; Syafiqah Nur Azrie Bt Safri; Mohd Harfiz Salehudin; Khairul Anuar Mohd Salleh; Eraricar Salleh; Viorel Sandu; S.M. Sapuan; Ain Umaira Md Shah; Mohaiman Jaffar Sharba; Suchart Siengchin; Ramesh Singh; Asghar Sistani; Nurjaman A. Sri Aprilia; Nadendla Srinivasababu; Aminudin Sulaeman; M.T.H. Sultan; Ihak Sumardi; T. Sundararajan; Sutrisno; Karnita Yuniarti; Abd Halim Mohd Yusof; Khairul Azly Zahan; A.Z. Zainudin; Nadia Zari. 2018. "List of contributors." Durability and Life Prediction in Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 22 August 2018 in IET Nanobiotechnology
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The potential of using rice straw (RS) in combination with wood fibre in the production of medium density fibreboard was investigated. Nano-wollastonite (NW) was added to some of the panels to determine if it would enhance the physical and mechanical properties. It was found that satisfactory composite boards could be made with the addition of 10% RS to the wood fibre. Furthermore, the mechanical and physical properties of the composite were enhanced when NW was added.

ACS Style

Ali Hassanpoor Tichi; Ehsan Bari; Darrel D. Nicholas. How nano‐wollastonite can change the fundamental properties of a wood fibre and rice straw composites? IET Nanobiotechnology 2018, 12, 1027 -1030.

AMA Style

Ali Hassanpoor Tichi, Ehsan Bari, Darrel D. Nicholas. How nano‐wollastonite can change the fundamental properties of a wood fibre and rice straw composites? IET Nanobiotechnology. 2018; 12 (8):1027-1030.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Hassanpoor Tichi; Ehsan Bari; Darrel D. Nicholas. 2018. "How nano‐wollastonite can change the fundamental properties of a wood fibre and rice straw composites?" IET Nanobiotechnology 12, no. 8: 1027-1030.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología
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Fungi exhibit different behavior under different conditions and react to light, temperature, moisture content etc. The objective of this study was to evaluate the degradation capability of three common white rot fungi, namely: Pleurotus ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, and Lentinus sajor-caju. The respective fungi were cultivated on rice straw under three different environmental conditions for 90 days. The fungi were collected, pure cultured, DNA extracted, and sequenced by ITS regions. The highest consumption of substrate occurred under the Cellar (dark) exposure condition with P. pulmonarius producing the least mass loss. The least amount of degradation occurred under the Air (daylight) condition for all of the fungi with the exception of P. pulmonarius. Exposure to light promoted the formation of fruiting bodies.

ACS Style

Hamed Aghajani; Ehsan Bari; Mohsen Bahmani; Miha Humar; Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary; Darrel D. Nicholas; Emran Zahedian. Influence of relative humidity and temperature on cultivation of Pleurotus species. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Hamed Aghajani, Ehsan Bari, Mohsen Bahmani, Miha Humar, Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary, Darrel D. Nicholas, Emran Zahedian. Influence of relative humidity and temperature on cultivation of Pleurotus species. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología. 2018; (ahead):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamed Aghajani; Ehsan Bari; Mohsen Bahmani; Miha Humar; Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary; Darrel D. Nicholas; Emran Zahedian. 2018. "Influence of relative humidity and temperature on cultivation of Pleurotus species." Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología , no. ahead: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología
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Meticulous chemical analysis of decaying xylem and linking it to corresponding anatomical modification at the cellular level can improve our understanding of the decay process. The aim of this study was to monitor the histological, chemical, photochemical, and progression of wood degradation by two white-rot fungi at different intervals. Oriental beech wood (Fagus orientalis) blocks were exposed to Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor to investigate the degradation capabilities of these two fungi. Light microscopy was used to study the decay patterns in wood. Decayed wood samples were also analyzed to determine lignin, cellulose and sugar contents and also evaluated at two week intervals by FT-IR spectroscopy to study chemical alterations. According to chemical analyses lignin is the most degraded polymer followed by cellulose and hemicelluloses for both white rot fungi. However, both test fungi tended to consume lignin more than cellulose. FT-IR spectra changes for lignin and carbohydrates in beech wood supported chemical alteration and indicated that both fungi decay wood in a simultaneous pattern.

ACS Style

Ehsan Bari; Behbood Mohebby; Hamid Reza Naji; Reza Oladi; Nural Yilgor; Nouredin Nazarnezhad; Katie M. Ohno; Darrel D. Nicholas. Monitoring the cell wall characteristics of degraded beech wood by white-rot fungi: Anatomical, chemical, and photochemical study. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Ehsan Bari, Behbood Mohebby, Hamid Reza Naji, Reza Oladi, Nural Yilgor, Nouredin Nazarnezhad, Katie M. Ohno, Darrel D. Nicholas. Monitoring the cell wall characteristics of degraded beech wood by white-rot fungi: Anatomical, chemical, and photochemical study. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología. 2018; (ahead):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ehsan Bari; Behbood Mohebby; Hamid Reza Naji; Reza Oladi; Nural Yilgor; Nouredin Nazarnezhad; Katie M. Ohno; Darrel D. Nicholas. 2018. "Monitoring the cell wall characteristics of degraded beech wood by white-rot fungi: Anatomical, chemical, and photochemical study." Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología , no. ahead: 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2017 in Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
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The impacts of white-rot fungi on altering wood chemistry have been studied mostly in vitro. However, in vivo approaches may enable better assessment of the nature of interactions between saprotrophic fungi and host tree in nature. Hence, decayed and sound wood samples were collected from a naturally infected tree (Carpinus betulus L.). Fruiting bodies of the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor grown on the same tree were identified using rDNA ITS sequencing. Chemical compositions (cellulose and lignin) of both sound and infected wood were studied. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to collect spectra of decayed and un-decayed wood samples. The results of chemical compositions indicated that T. versicolor reduced cellulose and lignin in similar quantities. Fungal activities in decayed wood causes serious decline in pH content. The amount of alcohol-benzene soluble extractives was severely decreased, while a remarkable increase was found in 1% sodium hydroxide soluble and hot water extractive contents in the decayed wood samples, respectively. FT-IR analyses demonstrated that T. versicolor causes simultaneous white rot in the hornbeam tree in vivo which is in line with in vitro experiments.

ACS Style

Maryam Karim; Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei; Javad Torkaman; Reza Oladi; Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary; Ehsan Bari; Nural Yilgor. Natural decomposition of hornbeam wood decayed by the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 2017, 89, 2647 -2655.

AMA Style

Maryam Karim, Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei, Javad Torkaman, Reza Oladi, Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary, Ehsan Bari, Nural Yilgor. Natural decomposition of hornbeam wood decayed by the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 2017; 89 (4):2647-2655.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maryam Karim; Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei; Javad Torkaman; Reza Oladi; Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary; Ehsan Bari; Nural Yilgor. 2017. "Natural decomposition of hornbeam wood decayed by the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 89, no. 4: 2647-2655.

Research article
Published: 19 June 2017 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences
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Fungal diversity in the Hyrcanian forests can greatly vary due to diverse ecological conditions. The scope of the present research was to investigate the diversity of wood decay fungi at three sites in the northern forests of Iran. Fruiting bodies of fungi were collected in three plots dominated by Quercus castaneifolia C.A.M. (oak) and Carpinus betulus L. (hornbeam) in the Hyrcanian Forest. As many as 19 and 13 taxa were found on hornbeam and oak, respectively. The identification of these fungi revealed Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. and Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. as highly abundant on hornbeam and oak, respectively. Highest fungal abundance was observed at an altitude range of 1150-1200 meters above sea level. Diversity of macro-fungi was determined and the mean Shannon diversity index was found to be 2.52 and 1.94 for hornbeam and oak, respectively, and mean equitability was calculated as 0.84 and 0.73 for hornbeam and oak, respectively. There were no significant differences in the Shannon Diversity Index or equitability. Overall, current work showed that most of the identified fungi were classified as white rot fungi.

ACS Style

Hamed Aghajani; Mohammad Reza Marvie Mohadjer; Ehsan Bari; Katie M. Ohno; Anoushirvan Shirvany; Mohamad Reza Asef. Assessing the Biodiversity of Wood Decay Fungi in Northern Forests of Iran. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 2017, 88, 1463 -1469.

AMA Style

Hamed Aghajani, Mohammad Reza Marvie Mohadjer, Ehsan Bari, Katie M. Ohno, Anoushirvan Shirvany, Mohamad Reza Asef. Assessing the Biodiversity of Wood Decay Fungi in Northern Forests of Iran. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 2017; 88 (4):1463-1469.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamed Aghajani; Mohammad Reza Marvie Mohadjer; Ehsan Bari; Katie M. Ohno; Anoushirvan Shirvany; Mohamad Reza Asef. 2017. "Assessing the Biodiversity of Wood Decay Fungi in Northern Forests of Iran." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 88, no. 4: 1463-1469.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2017 in Forest Pathology
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In this research, we examined decay patterns occurring in Quercus castaneifolia wood under natural conditions compared with controlled decay in vivo. Pleurotus ostreatus-infected oak wood was obtained from the Sari forests in the north of Iran. The species causing decay was verified as P. ostreatus using rDNA-ITS sequencing of pure cultures from infected sapwood. In addition to P. ostreatus, two wood-inhabiting Ascomycota, Trichoderma harzianum and T. lixii, were present. Mass loss in oak sapwood samples exposed to P. ostreatus for 60 days was around 10 per cent. Samples were prepared from both naturally decayed wood and wood decayed under controlled conditions and examined using microscopy. P. ostreatus was found to produce a simultaneous white-rot decay pattern in both conditions.

ACS Style

E. Bari; M. Karim; Reza Oladi; Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary; M. Ghodskhah Daryaei; O. Schmidt; J. Philipp Benz; M. Emaminasab. A comparison between decay patterns of the white-rot fungusPleurotus ostreatusin chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia) shows predominantly simultaneous attack bothin vivoandin vitro. Forest Pathology 2017, 47, e12338 .

AMA Style

E. Bari, M. Karim, Reza Oladi, Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary, M. Ghodskhah Daryaei, O. Schmidt, J. Philipp Benz, M. Emaminasab. A comparison between decay patterns of the white-rot fungusPleurotus ostreatusin chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia) shows predominantly simultaneous attack bothin vivoandin vitro. Forest Pathology. 2017; 47 (4):e12338.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Bari; M. Karim; Reza Oladi; Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary; M. Ghodskhah Daryaei; O. Schmidt; J. Philipp Benz; M. Emaminasab. 2017. "A comparison between decay patterns of the white-rot fungusPleurotus ostreatusin chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia) shows predominantly simultaneous attack bothin vivoandin vitro." Forest Pathology 47, no. 4: e12338.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología
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The effects of differing ratios of bamboo/plastic polymers on resistance to fungal attack was assessed using two different decay test methods. Weight losses for non-treated southern pine and Carpinus betulus sapwood blocks indicated that the test conditions were suitable for aggressive decay by Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor . Mass losses on the bamboo/composites tended to be very low, regardless of the method employed. In general, moisture levels in the composites were extremely low although they were close to the point where fungal attack could occur when only the bamboo components were considered. The standard decay tests indicated that bamboo can be considered a suitable substitute for wood flour in wood-plastic composites. Keywords: Bambusa arundinacea; biocomposites; Carpinus betulus; decay fungi; Gloeophyllum trabeum; Southern pine; Trametes versicolor; wood plastic composites

ACS Style

E. Bari; A. Sistani; H. R. Taghiyari; J. J. Morrell; J. Cappellazzi. Influence of test method on biodegradation of bamboo-plastic composites by fungi. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

E. Bari, A. Sistani, H. R. Taghiyari, J. J. Morrell, J. Cappellazzi. Influence of test method on biodegradation of bamboo-plastic composites by fungi. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología. 2017; (ahead):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Bari; A. Sistani; H. R. Taghiyari; J. J. Morrell; J. Cappellazzi. 2017. "Influence of test method on biodegradation of bamboo-plastic composites by fungi." Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología , no. ahead: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation
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This research assessed the destructive behaviors of two white-rot fungi, Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor and compared their degradation capabilities on solid oriental beech wood (Fagus orientalis Lipsky). Beech wood specimens were exposed to both fungi for a period of 120 days based on the specifications in the EN-113 standard. Mechanical properties and chemical composition of the specimens were measured every 15 days. Mass loss (ML) caused by the two fungi were not significantly different at the last stage of exposure, although T. versicolor showed higher ML at the middle exposure intervals. Compression strength parallel to grain, hardness, and impact bending values were higher in specimens exposed to P. ostreatus, although differences were not statistically significant. Microscopic images showed nearly the same decay patterns for both fungi. The results of the chemical assessment indicated that degradation of cell wall components was approximately the same for both fungi, but in some case T. versicolor showed a slightly higher potential to decay compared to P. ostreatus, especially in the early stages of exposure. The two fungi differed in their ability to reduce degree of polymerization (DP) holocellulose of beech wood. It was concluded that the destructive behaviors ability of both fungi was considerable.

ACS Style

Ehsan Bari; Hamid Reza Taghiyari; Hamid Reza Naji; Olaf Schmidt; Katie M. Ohno; Carol A. Clausen; Edi Suhaimi Bakar. Assessing the destructive behaviors of two white-rot fungi on beech wood. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 2016, 114, 129 -140.

AMA Style

Ehsan Bari, Hamid Reza Taghiyari, Hamid Reza Naji, Olaf Schmidt, Katie M. Ohno, Carol A. Clausen, Edi Suhaimi Bakar. Assessing the destructive behaviors of two white-rot fungi on beech wood. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 2016; 114 ():129-140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ehsan Bari; Hamid Reza Taghiyari; Hamid Reza Naji; Olaf Schmidt; Katie M. Ohno; Carol A. Clausen; Edi Suhaimi Bakar. 2016. "Assessing the destructive behaviors of two white-rot fungi on beech wood." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 114, no. : 129-140.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2016 in International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation
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Decayed wood samples were collected from naturally infected oak (Quercus castaneifolia C.A.M.). Fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus were identified morphologically and confirmed with rDNA ITS sequencing. Cellulose and lignin compositions were determined and FT-IR spectroscopy was used to collect spectra from decayed and un-decayed wood samples. Histological aspects of decay were monitored by light microscopy. The results of the chemical analysis indicated that P. ostreatus decayed both cellulose and lignin in similar quantities. FT-IR analysis and microscopic images demonstrated that P. ostreatus exhibited simultaneous white-rot in naturally infected oak samples.

ACS Style

Maryam Karim; Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei; Javad Torkaman; Reza Oladi; Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary; Ehsan Bari. In vivo investigation of chemical alteration in oak wood decayed by Pleurotus ostreatus. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 2016, 108, 127 -132.

AMA Style

Maryam Karim, Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei, Javad Torkaman, Reza Oladi, Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary, Ehsan Bari. In vivo investigation of chemical alteration in oak wood decayed by Pleurotus ostreatus. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 2016; 108 ():127-132.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maryam Karim; Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei; Javad Torkaman; Reza Oladi; Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary; Ehsan Bari. 2016. "In vivo investigation of chemical alteration in oak wood decayed by Pleurotus ostreatus." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 108, no. : 127-132.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2015 in International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation
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ACS Style

Ehsan Bari; Reza Oladi; Olaf Schmidt; Carol A. Clausen; Katie Ohno; Darrel D. Nicholas; Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei; Maryam Karim. Influence of xylem ray integrity and degree of polymerization on bending strength of beech wood decayed by Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 2015, 104, 299 -306.

AMA Style

Ehsan Bari, Reza Oladi, Olaf Schmidt, Carol A. Clausen, Katie Ohno, Darrel D. Nicholas, Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei, Maryam Karim. Influence of xylem ray integrity and degree of polymerization on bending strength of beech wood decayed by Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 2015; 104 ():299-306.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ehsan Bari; Reza Oladi; Olaf Schmidt; Carol A. Clausen; Katie Ohno; Darrel D. Nicholas; Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei; Maryam Karim. 2015. "Influence of xylem ray integrity and degree of polymerization on bending strength of beech wood decayed by Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 104, no. : 299-306.