Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a crucial enabler for the long-term powering of existing implantable medical devices (IMDs). This article proposes a new design and analysis methodology for a tunable metasurface (MTS) based near-field magnetic WPT system. A near-field magnetic WPT system using a multi-coil topology creates stable power with a low specific absorption rate. However, maintaining the optimal performance of a system under misalignment conditions continues to be a challenging issue. To address this issue, the proposed design method enables the optimal coupling of the WPT system by tuning the system capacitances at a fixed frequency. Moreover, it is undefined to accurately determine the effective permeability of the MTS in the near-field range. Therefore, based on optimized results, a method is proposed to retrieve effective permeability in near-field scenarios. The effective permeability results are distinct from the typical response of the Lorentz oscillator. As a result, the specific connection between the optimization method and retrieval of effective permeability has been established. The methodology is applied to an exemplified system, where the maximal simulated and measured power transfer efficiencies at an implant depth of 8 cm are 2.32% and 2.60%, respectively. In addition, the planar MTS exhibits a high lateral misalignment tolerance, thereby enabling the development of a reliable WPT system for continuous power supply to IMDs.

We discuss in detail, the design of a nanorobot that can navigate, detect cancer cells in the blood and actuate the exposure of drugs. The nanorobot is designed with blood energy harvesting capability and the accumulation of electricity in a capacitor, which forms the main body of the nanorobot. Glucose hunger-based cancer detectors immobilized on a carbon nanotube sensor, reduces its electrical resistance when attached to a cancer cell. This mechanism in turn allows electric current to activate a nano-electrical-mechanical relay (mechanical transistor) to break the chamber ceiling exposing a drug identified by the immune system for cell elimination. This concept is in line with the effort to design an autonomous computational nanorobot for in vivo medical diagnosis and treatment. We present this facile approach to design a collective system to visualize the programmability in nanorobots. The calculations and simulation results provide a proof-of-concept towards a plausible implementation. Through this work, we present an overall picture towards an inorganic autonomous computational nanorobot for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Biological collaborative systems behavior is fascinating, urging researchers to mimic their behavior through programmable matters. These matters constitute a particle system, wherein the particles bind with their neighbors to swarm and navigate. Caterpillar swarm inspired particle system involves layered architecture with a predefined number of layers. Through this work, a coordinated layered particle system inspired by caterpillar swarms is discussed. We first propose a novel design for producible nano-particles that uses electrodes to harvest electricity from the blood serum, energy that can be later used for swarming, inter/outer communication, coordination, sensing and acting according to an instructing program. The benefit of moving and acting in a swarm is demonstrated by a design of telescopic movement in pipes (e.g., blood vessels), wherein each layer uses the accumulated speed of all layers below and moves faster, thus mimicking the faster motion of a caterpillar swarm.

Biomedical tasks in a physiological medium (blood) by nanoscopic programmable matters can be coordinated and executed efficiently by realizing a communication channel to and from the outside of the body. In this paper, we discuss the feasibility of self synchronized radio communication between nanorobots in the physiological medium. We present a magnetic-based method for synchronization, analysis, and a simulation for a previously designed carbon nanotube (CNT) based cantilever device, oscillating due to an electrostatic force to emit radio signals. A magnetic field can modify the electrostatic force, which induces the communicating cantilever device. A resultant magnetic field emitted from every nanorobot to its neighbors is suggested as a means for self-synchronization, where the sum of mutual influences gradually self synchronize the radio signals to form an in-phase higher amplitude strong signal. In another design, an external magnetic field is applied for a long enough period, assisting in establishing synchronization among the nanorobots. The radiofrequency enabling this communication is unlikely to affect the attached tissue due to their physical dimensions designed to conform to the Medical Device Radiocommunications Service (MedRadio) specifications.

The increasing popularity of low power applications has resulted in the need for implementing power consumption reduction techniques. Measurement of power consumption has gained importance due to the fact that the measurement of total power consumed may result in exploring newer mechanisms for reducing the power consumption of the system. Devising appropriate po w e r consumption reduction techniques for an application becomes possible only with a correct knowledge of the amount of power consumed by different modules of the system. This work presents the design and development of a prototype module for power consumption measurement which could be used on core level of a system. The main objective the work includes power measurement of the processor core while executing different application tasks and impact of supply voltage and operating frequency on power consumption measurement.