Background: Appropriate clinical training for emergencies is a key factor in the quality of healthcare. Advances in technology facilitate the creation of new forms of training, fostering student interaction and engagement. In this respect, augmented and virtual reality approaches in healthcare training are generating great interest. Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual and augmented reality in emergency healthcare training. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with two intervention groups. Intervention group No. 1 (n = 30) received in-class instruction followed by practice with a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) manikin and using virtual reality with the Meta Quest model (using the VR applications Heart, Lung, and School of CPR). Intervention group No. 2 (n = 31) received the same in-class training but followed by an augmented reality session. In this intervention, the Heart and Lung AR applications were used on an iPhone 15 ProMax. The control group (n = 32) only received in-class instruction and practice with the CPR manikin. Results: The virtual reality and augmented reality interventions improved learning effectiveness and user satisfaction. These results were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for knowledge post-intervention between groups, VR being the highest. However, the results were not significant for satisfaction. Conclusions: VR procedures can be effective for increasing learning effectiveness in emergency training.

Background/Objectives: Academic burnout is an emerging problem among nursing students, characterized by emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced academic efficacy. Sports interventions have been shown to have a positive effect on nurses as a preventive strategy against burnout. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a nature sports program on the levels of academic burnout in nursing students. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was performed. The intervention was a 12-week nature exercise program with two sessions each week. The main dependent variables were burnout (measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory—Student Survey), stress (measured using the Perceived Stress Scale), and anxiety and depression (measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). The post-intervention sample size was n = 58 in the control group and n = 48 in the intervention group. Results: After the intervention, significant differences were found in respect of emotional exhaustion (p < 0.001; Cohen’s D: 0.483), stress (p < 0.05; Cohen’s D: 0.456), and mean steps per day (p < 0.001; Cohen’s D: −1.09), with the mean values being reduced in the intervention group by around three points in emotional exhaustion and stress; the intervention group also achieved a higher mean number of daily steps compared to the control group. Conclusions: A nature sports program could help to reduce emotional exhaustion and stress, and increase the number of steps per day.

Background/Objectives: Academic burnout is an emerging problem among nursing students, characterized by emotional exhaustion, cynicism and reduced academic efficacy. Sport interventions have shown a positive effect on nurses as a preventive strategy against burnout. The aim was to evaluate effectiveness of a nature sport program in the levels of academic burnout in nursing students Methods: a randomized clinical trial was performed. The intervention was a 12-week a nature exercise program with two sessions each week. The main dependent variables were burnout (measured with MBI-SS), stress (measured with PSS) and anxiety and depression (measured with HADS). Results: sample size with n=50 in the control group and n=58 in the intervention group (81.81% response rate). After the intervention significant differences were found in emotional exhaustion (p<0.001), stress (p<0.05) and mean steps per day (p<0.001), with the mean values being lower in IG: emotional exhaustion (3.28 points) stress (2.85 points) and steps per day a week (1381 steps). Conclusions: A nature exercise program has some positive effects in emotional exhaustion, stress and steps per day a week.

Female pubic hair removal is a widespread practice shaped by aesthetic, cultural, and hygienic factors, with rising global prevalence, particularly in West

Background/Objectives: Differences in respiratory function associated with e-cigarette use in young adults remain incompletely characterized, particularly in comparison with conventional smoking and dual use. This study aimed to compare resting spirometric function among young adults according to smoking and vaping status, with particular attention to expiratory-flow indices. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 99 adults aged 18–29 years, classified as Controls (n = 29), exclusive Vapers (n = 21), Tobacco smokers (n = 22), or Dual users (n = 27). Resting forced spirometry was performed using a MIR SpiroLab device. Seven core respiratory outcomes were evaluated: FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, FEF25, FEF50, FEF75, and FEF25–75. Between-group differences were assessed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test, with Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate correction. Sensitivity analyses were performed using linear models adjusted for age, sex, muscle mass and visceral fat. Results: All seven core spirometric outcomes showed significant global group effects after false discovery rate correction. Pairwise reductions relative to Controls were most consistent among Vapers and Dual users, whereas FEF75 and FEF25–75 were also significantly reduced in conventional cigarette smokers. FVC did not differ significantly between groups. In sensitivity analyses, the overall group effect remained significant for all seven core outcomes after adjustment for age, sex, muscle mass, and visceral fat. Conclusions: Significant between-group differences in expiratory-flow indices were observed according to smoking and vaping status, whereas FVC remained similar across groups. Given the cross-sectional design and potential residual confounding, these findings should be interpreted as group-level associations and do not establish that smoking or vaping caused the observed spirometric differences.