The paper describes an innovative approach to environmental certification of launch vehicle stage fall areas, implemented based on the development of digital data libraries and an intelligent environmental diagnostics module. A structural model of a single platform is presented, where the integration of relational and spatial components is provided by PostgreSQL with PostGIS, which allows for efficient storage, processing, and mapping of large arrays of monitoring information. Automated procedures for calculating indices of excess of standard concentrations, generating integrated environmental assessments, and classifying pollution levels by risk categories are implemented. Particular attention is paid to issues of computing optimization, supporting parallel data processing, and implementing flexible mechanisms for delimiting user rights. Testing of the platform on real data confirmed its reliability, performance, and compliance with modern requirements for integration with geographic information systems. The proposed methodological and software tools help to increase the transparency, objectivity, and efficiency of decision-making in the framework of environmental monitoring of areas affected by rocket and space activities.

Исследование посвящено разработке многофункционального ресурса для экологической паспортизации районов падения частей ракет. Рассмотрены цели создания ресурса, методы систематизации и актуализации данных, а также ее значимость для экологического мониторинга. Основное внимание уделено методам проектирования и построения систем, связанных с ракетно-космической деятельностью. Сделаны выводы о необходимости интеграции данных для повышения эффективности мониторинга и принятия решений.

This article discusses a GIS-based method for predicting the impact zones of launch vehicle separating stages based on the integration of deterministic trajectory modeling, stochastic uncertainty analysis, and spatial risk assessment. The proposed approach combines stage performance parameters, meteorological data, and geospatial information within a single computational framework that enables the calculation of a nominal trajectory, the generation of a probabilistic impact zone, and the construction of digital risk maps. To verify the approach, three scenarios were considered, differing in stage mass, wind speed, and separation angle. A comparison was made between a classical ballistic model, a stochastic Monte Carlo model, and a model with elements of artificial intelligence and machine learning. It is demonstrated that the use of modern methods allows for a reduction in the average prediction error to 60 m, a decrease in the standard deviation to 25 m, and a reduction in the percentage of overshoots to 1%. Spatial risk analysis revealed that the most vulnerable areas are those with high population density and critical infrastructure. The results confirm that the integration of trajectory modeling, uncertainty analysis, and GIS tools improves forecast accuracy and the practical value of the system for supporting decision-making in ensuring space launch safety.

The scientific article is devoted to the research and development of the system of national SMART-standards for industrial complexes in the context of Industry 4.0. The article substantiates the urgency of implementing artificial intelligence, machine learning and digital standards to create innovative requirements and ensure better interoperability of systems. The study covers the analysis of regulations such as PNST 864-2023 and PTC 711 “Smart standards” and international standards such as ISO/IEC 11179 and ISO/IEC 19763, the development of technical architecture and the creation of a database of national SMART standards. The modern struggle for technological superiority is becoming a key element of global development. SMART-standards represent a new level of digital standardization, which is the focus of the presented study. The study envisions SMART-standards in machine-readable, machine-interpretable, and machine-understandable formats, providing a deep understanding of the development process and innovative approaches to presenting standards. The aim of the research is to study the methods of modeling and development of national SMART-standards for industrial complexes with a focus on their machine-readability and compliance with the principles of Industry 4.0. The main objective is to develop a technical architecture of SMART-standards system based on modern technologies and standards, including optimization of processes using natural language processing and integration of existing standards into information systems.

The relevance of this study is determined by the need for a scientifically grounded assessment of environmental risks associated with rocket launches and by the necessity of ensuring environmental safety in areas potentially affected by space activities. Comprehensive monitoring of rocket-stage impact zones and adjacent populated areas is especially important because pollutant distribution depends on natural, climatic, and spatial factors. This study assesses the environmental impact of the “Soyuz-2.1a” launch with the “Progress MS-29” cargo spacecraft in Kazakhstan using integrated field monitoring, laboratory analysis, and geoinformation methods. The work should be interpreted as a single-event environmental monitoring assessment, while historical monitoring data from 2020–2023 were used only as a retrospective comparative background for the U-25 impact area and were not included in the main BACI statistical analysis. The study covered the launch site, adjacent populated areas, and the U-25 stage impact zone. A before–after control-impact (BACI) design with distance stratification and consideration of wind direction was applied to identify post-launch changes. Measurements below the limit of detection and limit of quantification were processed using censored-data methods, including Regression on Order Statistics (ROS) and the Kaplan–Meier estimator. Spatial analysis was used to generate concentration fields, contour maps, and risk zones, revealing an anisotropic distribution of environmental stress in the downwind sector. An integrated hazard quotient (HQ) metric was applied to compare air, water, and soil conditions on a unified scale. The results indicate that the post-launch impact was localized and time-limited, with the greatest sensitivity observed in the soil component of the U-25 zone during the early post-launch period. Atmospheric air and water indicators remained within regulatory limits in populated areas. The proposed approach combines BACI monitoring, censored-data analysis, spatial modeling, and GIS-based visualization, providing a reproducible framework for the environmental assessment of rocket-stage impact areas. The practical recommendations include staged post-launch monitoring, temporary restriction of access to high-stress zones, primary reclamation of contaminated soil, and the use of WebGIS tools to support environmental decision-making.

The relevance of this study stems from the need for a scientifically sound assessment of the environmental risks associated with launch vehicle launches and for ensuring the environmental safety of areas potentially impacted by space activities. Comprehensive environmental monitoring in the impact areas of rocket parts and adjacent populated areas is particularly important, taking into account natural and climatic factors and the spatial heterogeneity of pollution. This study assessed the environmental impacts of the “Soyuz-2.1a” launch with the ““Progress MS-29”” cargo spacecraft in Kazakhstan based on integrated field research and geoinformation analysis. The study covered the launch area, adjacent populated areas, and the impact zone. A before-after control impact (BACI) design with distance stratification and wind pattern considerations was used to identify post-launch changes. Data containing values below the detection and quantification limits were processed using censored observation analysis methods (ROS Regression on Order Statistics and Kaplan-Meier). A spatial analysis of pollutant distribution was conducted, with thermal field and contour maps generated, revealing the anisotropy of the risk field and localized areas of increased environmental stress. An integrated environmental risk (HQ) metric was used to compare the state of atmospheric air, water, and soil, providing a unified approach to interpreting the results. It was established that the post-launch impact is localized and time-limited, with the greatest sensitivity observed in the soil component in the first period after launch. Measures are recommended to temporarily restrict access to areas of increased stress, conduct primary reclamation, and organize staged environmental monitoring using WebGIS technologies to support management decisions. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of an anisotropic model for assessing environmental risk taking into account wind rose and in the integration of methods for analyzing censored data into a unified system for monitoring environmental components.