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Dr. Elisabetta Damiani
Department of Life and Enviornmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Ancona, Italy

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0 Epigenetics
0 Oxidative Stress
0 Sunscreens
0 Reactive oxygen species
0 photoprotection

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Oxidative Stress
Sunscreens
Reactive oxygen species
photoprotection
Epigenetics
Synthetic and natural antioxidants
UV-induced damage

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Review
Published: 23 August 2021 in Antioxidants
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The present review focuses on preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the last decade that contribute to increasing knowledge on Coenzyme Q10’s role in health and disease. Classical antioxidant and bioenergetic functions of the coenzyme have been taken into consideration, as well as novel mechanisms of action involving the redox-regulated activation of molecular pathways associated with anti-inflammatory activities. Cardiovascular research and fertility remain major fields of application of Coenzyme Q10, although novel applications, in particular in relation to topical application, are gaining considerable interest. In this respect, bioavailability represents a major challenge and the innovation in formulation aspects is gaining critical importance.

ACS Style

Ilenia Cirilli; Elisabetta Damiani; Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla; Iain Hargreaves; Fabio Marcheggiani; Lauren Elizabeth Millichap; Patrick Orlando; Sonia Silvestri; Luca Tiano. Role of Coenzyme Q10 in Health and Disease: An Update on the Last 10 Years (2010–2020). Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1325 .

AMA Style

Ilenia Cirilli, Elisabetta Damiani, Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla, Iain Hargreaves, Fabio Marcheggiani, Lauren Elizabeth Millichap, Patrick Orlando, Sonia Silvestri, Luca Tiano. Role of Coenzyme Q10 in Health and Disease: An Update on the Last 10 Years (2010–2020). Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (8):1325.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ilenia Cirilli; Elisabetta Damiani; Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla; Iain Hargreaves; Fabio Marcheggiani; Lauren Elizabeth Millichap; Patrick Orlando; Sonia Silvestri; Luca Tiano. 2021. "Role of Coenzyme Q10 in Health and Disease: An Update on the Last 10 Years (2010–2020)." Antioxidants 10, no. 8: 1325.

Review
Published: 30 June 2021 in Marine Drugs
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In the last few decades, the thinning of the ozone layer due to increased atmospheric pollution has exacerbated the negative effects of excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and skin cancer has become a major public health concern. In order to prevent skin damage, public health advice mainly focuses on the use of sunscreens, along with wearing protective clothing and avoiding sun exposure during peak hours. Sunscreens present on the market are topical formulations that contain a number of different synthetic, organic, and inorganic UVR filters with different absorbance profiles, which, when combined, provide broad UVR spectrum protection. However, increased evidence suggests that some of these compounds cause subtle damage to marine ecosystems. One alternative may be the use of natural products that are produced in a wide range of marine species and are mainly thought to act as a defense against UVR-mediated damage. However, their potential for human photoprotection is largely under-investigated. In this review, attention has been placed on the molecular strategies adopted by marine organisms to counteract UVR-induced negative effects and we provide a broad portrayal of the recent literature concerning marine-derived natural products having potential as natural sunscreens/photoprotectants for human skin. Their chemical structure, UVR absorption properties, and their pleiotropic role as bioactive molecules are discussed. Most studies strongly suggest that these natural products could be promising for use in biocompatible sunscreens and may represent an alternative eco-friendly approach to protect humans against UV-induced skin damage.

ACS Style

Alfonsina Milito; Immacolata Castellano; Elisabetta Damiani. From Sea to Skin: Is There a Future for Natural Photoprotectants? Marine Drugs 2021, 19, 379 .

AMA Style

Alfonsina Milito, Immacolata Castellano, Elisabetta Damiani. From Sea to Skin: Is There a Future for Natural Photoprotectants? Marine Drugs. 2021; 19 (7):379.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alfonsina Milito; Immacolata Castellano; Elisabetta Damiani. 2021. "From Sea to Skin: Is There a Future for Natural Photoprotectants?" Marine Drugs 19, no. 7: 379.

Journal article
Published: 03 February 2021 in Nanomaterials
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with marked oxidative stress at the level of the brain. Recent studies indicate that increasing the antioxidant capacity could represent a very promising therapeutic strategy for AD treatment. Astaxanthin (AST), a powerful natural antioxidant, could be a good candidate for AD treatment, although its use in clinical practice is compromised by its high instability. In order to overcome this limit, our attention focused on the development of innovative AST-loaded stealth lipid nanoparticles (AST-SSLNs) able to improve AST bioavailability in the brain. AST-SSLNs prepared by solvent-diffusion technique showed technological parameters suitable for parenteral administration (<200 nm). Formulated nanosystems were characterized by calorimetric studies, while their toxicological profile was evaluated by the MTT assay on the stem cell line OECs (Olfactory Ensheathing Cells). Furthemore, the protective effect of the nanocarriers was assessed by a long-term stability study and a UV stability assay confirming that the lipid shell of the nanocarriers was able to preserve AST concentration in the formulation. SSLNs were also capable of preserving AST’s antioxidant capacity as demonstrated in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. In conclusion, these preliminary studies outline that SSLNs could be regarded as promising carriers for systemic administration of compounds such as AST aimed at AD treatment.

ACS Style

Debora Santonocito; Giuseppina Raciti; Agata Campisi; Giovanni Sposito; Annamaria Panico; Edy Siciliano; Maria Sarpietro; Elisabetta Damiani; Carmelo Puglia. Astaxanthin-Loaded Stealth Lipid Nanoparticles (AST-SSLN) as Potential Carriers for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Formulation Development and Optimization. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 391 .

AMA Style

Debora Santonocito, Giuseppina Raciti, Agata Campisi, Giovanni Sposito, Annamaria Panico, Edy Siciliano, Maria Sarpietro, Elisabetta Damiani, Carmelo Puglia. Astaxanthin-Loaded Stealth Lipid Nanoparticles (AST-SSLN) as Potential Carriers for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Formulation Development and Optimization. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (2):391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Debora Santonocito; Giuseppina Raciti; Agata Campisi; Giovanni Sposito; Annamaria Panico; Edy Siciliano; Maria Sarpietro; Elisabetta Damiani; Carmelo Puglia. 2021. "Astaxanthin-Loaded Stealth Lipid Nanoparticles (AST-SSLN) as Potential Carriers for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Formulation Development and Optimization." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2: 391.

Journal article
Published: 19 January 2021 in Free Radical Biology and Medicine
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Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an endogenous lipophilic quinone found in equilibrium between its oxidised (ubiquinone) and reduced (ubiquinol) form, ubiquitous in biological membranes and endowed with antioxidant and bioenergetic properties, both crucial to the ageing process. CoQ10 biosynthesis decreases with age in different tissues including skin and its biosynthesis can be modulated by 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors such as statins. Statin-induced CoQ10 deprivation has previously been shown to be associated with the development of a senescence phenotype in cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), hence this model was used to further investigate the role of CoQ10 in skin ageing. The present study aimed to compare the bioavailability of exogenously added CoQ10, in the form of ubiquinone or ubiquinol, to CoQ10-deprived HDF, and to determine their efficacy in rescuing the senescent phenotype induced by CoQ10 deprivation. First, additional senescence markers were implemented to further support the pro-ageing effect of statin-induced CoQ10 deprivation in HDF. Indeed, numerous senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers such as p21, IL-8, CXCL1, and MMP-1 were upregulated, whereas components of the extracellular matrix were downregulated (elastin, collagen type 1). Next, we showed that CoQ10 supplementation to statin-treated HDF was able to counteract CoQ10 deprivation and rescued the development of selected senescence/ageing markers in HDF. Ubiquinol resulted more bioavailable than ubiquinone at the same concentration (15 μg/mL) and it significantly improved the cellular oxidative status even within isolated mitochondria highlighting an effective subcellular delivery. Ubiquinol was also more efficient compared to ubiquinone in reverting the expression of the senescent phenotype, quantified in terms of β-galactosidase positivity, p21, collagen type 1, and elastin at the gene and protein expression levels. In conclusion, our results highlight the pivotal role of CoQ10 for skin vitality and strongly support the use of both forms as a beneficial and effective anti-ageing skin care treatment.

ACS Style

Fabio Marcheggiani; Sebastian Kordes; Ilenia Cirilli; Patrick Orlando; Sonia Silvestri; Alexandra Vogelsang; Nadine Möller; Thomas Blatt; Julia M. Weise; Elisabetta Damiani; Luca Tiano. Anti-ageing effects of ubiquinone and ubiquinol in a senescence model of human dermal fibroblasts. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2021, 165, 282 -288.

AMA Style

Fabio Marcheggiani, Sebastian Kordes, Ilenia Cirilli, Patrick Orlando, Sonia Silvestri, Alexandra Vogelsang, Nadine Möller, Thomas Blatt, Julia M. Weise, Elisabetta Damiani, Luca Tiano. Anti-ageing effects of ubiquinone and ubiquinol in a senescence model of human dermal fibroblasts. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2021; 165 ():282-288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabio Marcheggiani; Sebastian Kordes; Ilenia Cirilli; Patrick Orlando; Sonia Silvestri; Alexandra Vogelsang; Nadine Möller; Thomas Blatt; Julia M. Weise; Elisabetta Damiani; Luca Tiano. 2021. "Anti-ageing effects of ubiquinone and ubiquinol in a senescence model of human dermal fibroblasts." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 165, no. : 282-288.

Review
Published: 30 December 2020 in Journal of Cancer Prevention
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Natural compounds from diverse sources, including botanicals and commonly consumed foods and beverages, exert beneficial health effects via mechanisms that impact the epigenome and gene expression during disease pathogenesis. By targeting the so-called epigenetic 'readers', 'writers', and 'erasers', dietary phytochemicals can reverse abnormal epigenome signatures in cancer cells and preneoplastic stages. Thus, such agents provide avenues for cancer interception via prevention or treatment/therapeutic strategies. To date, much of the focus on dietary agents has been directed towards writers (e.g., histone acetyltransferases) and erasers (e.g., histone deacetylases), with less attention given to epigenetic readers (e.g., BRD proteins). The drug JQ1 was developed as a prototype epigenetic reader inhibitor, selectively targeting members of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family, such as BRD4. Clinical trials with JQ1 as a single agent, or in combination with standard of care therapy, revealed antitumor efficacy but not without toxicity or resistance. In pursuit of second-generation epigenetic reader inhibitors, attention has shifted to natural sources, including dietary agents that might be repurposed as 'JQ1-like' bioactives. This review summarizes the current status of nascent research activity focused on natural compounds as inhibitors of BET and other epigenetic 'reader' proteins, with a perspective on future directions and opportunities.

ACS Style

Elisabetta Damiani; Munevver N. Duran; Nivedhitha Mohan; Praveen Rajendran; Roderick H. Dashwood. Targeting Epigenetic ‘Readers’ with Natural Compounds for Cancer Interception. Journal of Cancer Prevention 2020, 25, 189 -203.

AMA Style

Elisabetta Damiani, Munevver N. Duran, Nivedhitha Mohan, Praveen Rajendran, Roderick H. Dashwood. Targeting Epigenetic ‘Readers’ with Natural Compounds for Cancer Interception. Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2020; 25 (4):189-203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabetta Damiani; Munevver N. Duran; Nivedhitha Mohan; Praveen Rajendran; Roderick H. Dashwood. 2020. "Targeting Epigenetic ‘Readers’ with Natural Compounds for Cancer Interception." Journal of Cancer Prevention 25, no. 4: 189-203.

Review
Published: 16 December 2020 in Antioxidants
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Impaired adipose tissue function and insulin resistance remain instrumental in promoting hepatic lipid accumulation in conditions of metabolic syndrome. In fact, enhanced lipid accumulation together with oxidative stress and an abnormal inflammatory response underpin the development and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There are currently no specific protective drugs against NAFLD, and effective interventions involving regular exercise and healthy diets have proved difficult to achieve and maintain. Alternatively, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, there has been growing interest in understanding the therapeutic effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against metabolic complications, including NAFLD. Here, reviewed evidence suggests that NAC blocks hepatic lipid accumulation in preclinical models of NAFLD. This is in part through the effective regulation of a fatty acid scavenger molecule (CD36) and transcriptional factors such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c/-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Importantly, NAC appears effective in improving liver function by reducing pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukin (IL)-6 IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). This was primarily through the attenuation of lipid peroxidation and enhancements in intracellular response antioxidants, particularly glutathione. Very few clinical studies support the beneficial effects of NAC against NAFLD-related complications, thus well-organized randomized clinical trials are still necessary to confirm its therapeutic potential.

ACS Style

Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla; Bongani B. Nkambule; Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje; Tawanda M. Nyambuya; Fabio Marcheggiani; Ilenia Cirilli; Khanyisani Ziqubu; Samukelisiwe C. Shabalala; Rabia Johnson; Johan Louw; Elisabetta Damiani; Luca Tiano. N-acetyl Cysteine Targets Hepatic Lipid Accumulation to Curb Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in NAFLD: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Literature. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 1283 .

AMA Style

Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla, Bongani B. Nkambule, Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje, Tawanda M. Nyambuya, Fabio Marcheggiani, Ilenia Cirilli, Khanyisani Ziqubu, Samukelisiwe C. Shabalala, Rabia Johnson, Johan Louw, Elisabetta Damiani, Luca Tiano. N-acetyl Cysteine Targets Hepatic Lipid Accumulation to Curb Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in NAFLD: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Literature. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (12):1283.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla; Bongani B. Nkambule; Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje; Tawanda M. Nyambuya; Fabio Marcheggiani; Ilenia Cirilli; Khanyisani Ziqubu; Samukelisiwe C. Shabalala; Rabia Johnson; Johan Louw; Elisabetta Damiani; Luca Tiano. 2020. "N-acetyl Cysteine Targets Hepatic Lipid Accumulation to Curb Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in NAFLD: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Literature." Antioxidants 9, no. 12: 1283.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2020 in Antioxidants
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Endothelial dysfunction represents the initial stage in atherosclerotic lesion development which occurs physiologically during aging, but external factors like diet, sedentary lifestyle, smoking accelerate it. Since cigarette smoking promotes oxidative stress and cell damage, we developed an in vitro model of endothelial dysfunction using vascular cells exposed to chemicals present in cigarette smoke, to help elucidate the protective effects of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, such as ubiquinol and vitamin K, that play a fundamental role in vascular health. Treatment of both young and senescent Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) for 24 h with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) decreased cellular viability, induced apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction and promoted an inflammatory response. Moreover, the senescence marker SA-β-galactosidase was observed in both young CSE-exposed and in senescent HUVECs suggesting that CSE exposure accelerates aging in endothelial cells. Supplementation with 10 µM ubiquinol and menaquinone-7 (MK7) counteracted oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting in improved viability, decreased apoptosis and reduced SA-β-galactosidase, but were ineffective against CSE-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Other K vitamins tested like menaquinone-4 (MK4) and menaquinone-1 (K1) were less protective. In conclusion, CSE exposure was able to promote a stress-induced senescent phenotype in young endothelial cells likely contributing to endothelial dysfunction in vivo. Furthermore, the molecular changes encountered could be offset by ubiquinol and menaquinone-7 supplementation, the latter resulting the most bioactive K vitamin in counteracting CSE-induced damage.

ACS Style

Ilenia Cirilli; Patrick Orlando; Fabio Marcheggiani; Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla; Sonia Silvestri; Elisabetta Damiani; Luca Tiano. The Protective Role of Bioactive Quinones in Stress-induced Senescence Phenotype of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Extract. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 1008 .

AMA Style

Ilenia Cirilli, Patrick Orlando, Fabio Marcheggiani, Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla, Sonia Silvestri, Elisabetta Damiani, Luca Tiano. The Protective Role of Bioactive Quinones in Stress-induced Senescence Phenotype of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Extract. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (10):1008.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ilenia Cirilli; Patrick Orlando; Fabio Marcheggiani; Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla; Sonia Silvestri; Elisabetta Damiani; Luca Tiano. 2020. "The Protective Role of Bioactive Quinones in Stress-induced Senescence Phenotype of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Extract." Antioxidants 9, no. 10: 1008.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2019 in Antioxidants
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Consumption of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) as herbal tea is growing in popularity worldwide and its health-promoting attributes are mainly ascribed to its phenolic composition, which may be affected by the brewing conditions used. An aspect so far overlooked is the impact of cold brewing vs regular brewing and microwave boiling on the (poly) phenolic profile and in vitro antioxidant capacity of infusions prepared from red (‘fermented’, oxidized) and green (‘unfermented’, unoxidized) rooibos, the purpose of the present study. By using an untargeted metabolomics-based approach (UHPLC-QTOF mass spectrometry), 187 phenolic compounds were putatively annotated in both rooibos types, with flavonoids, tyrosols, and phenolic acids the most represented type of phenolic classes. Multivariate statistics (OPLS-DA) highlighted the phenolic classes most affected by the brewing conditions. Similar antioxidant capacities (ORAC and ABTS assays) were observed between cold- and regular-brewed green rooibos and boiled-brewed red rooibos. However, boiling green and red rooibos delivered infusions with the highest antioxidant capacities and total polyphenol content. The polyphenol content strongly correlated with the in vitro antioxidant capacities, especially for flavonoids and phenolic acids. These results contribute to a better understanding of the impact of the preparation method on the potential health benefits of rooibos tea.

ACS Style

Elisabetta Damiani; Patricia Carloni; Gabriele Rocchetti; Biancamaria Senizza; Luca Tiano; Elizabeth Joubert; Dalene De Beer; Luigi Lucini. Impact of Cold versus Hot Brewing on the Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Herbal Tea. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 499 .

AMA Style

Elisabetta Damiani, Patricia Carloni, Gabriele Rocchetti, Biancamaria Senizza, Luca Tiano, Elizabeth Joubert, Dalene De Beer, Luigi Lucini. Impact of Cold versus Hot Brewing on the Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Herbal Tea. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (10):499.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabetta Damiani; Patricia Carloni; Gabriele Rocchetti; Biancamaria Senizza; Luca Tiano; Elizabeth Joubert; Dalene De Beer; Luigi Lucini. 2019. "Impact of Cold versus Hot Brewing on the Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Herbal Tea." Antioxidants 8, no. 10: 499.

Review
Published: 12 September 2019 in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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This review addresses a major question of importance to pharmaceutical scientists: how can novel drug delivery systems play a role in maximizing the UV protection of sunscreens? Because more and more people are being diagnosed with skin cancer each year than all other cancers combined, adequate sun protective measures are pivotal. In this context, the present review is to give an up-to-date overview on the different nanocarrier systems that have been explored so far for encapsulating different types of UV filters present on the market. The aim of these carrier systems is to prevent skin penetration and to enhance the photoprotective potential of sunscreen actives. For each supramolecular system, a brief description along with the studies, achievements, and pitfalls, on the type of UV actives inside them, ranging from classical UV filters to new generation of UV actives is given. A brief overview of UV filters encapsulated in microcarriers is also discussed.

ACS Style

Elisabetta Damiani; Carmelo Puglia. Nanocarriers and Microcarriers for Enhancing the UV Protection of Sunscreens: An Overview. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2019, 108, 3769 -3780.

AMA Style

Elisabetta Damiani, Carmelo Puglia. Nanocarriers and Microcarriers for Enhancing the UV Protection of Sunscreens: An Overview. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019; 108 (12):3769-3780.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabetta Damiani; Carmelo Puglia. 2019. "Nanocarriers and Microcarriers for Enhancing the UV Protection of Sunscreens: An Overview." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 108, no. 12: 3769-3780.

Comparative study
Published: 15 December 2018 in Toxicology Letters
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Increasing evidence shows that discrepancies exist among in vitro cytotoxicity methods resulting in unreliable drug toxicity profiles. This is particularly criticial for cell lines such as gliomas which are histologically and genetically heterogeneous. The high level of variation in these cells makes comparative analysis difficult and is a severe limitation for the usefulness of high-throughput screening methods. Here we examine variations between four conventional in vitro cytotoxicity assays (MTT, Alamar Blue, Acid Phosphatase and Trypan Blue) for assessing the viable cell number following treatment of two human glioblastoma cell lines (U87MG and U373MG) with different chemical agents (carboplatin, etoposide, paraquat). The variations in IC50 values between the four assays suggest that even when combining several endpoints such as mitochondrial functions, lysosomal activity, and membrane integrity, a reliable and uniform toxicity profile was not achieved. Because of these variations between cytotoxicity assays using compounds with varying mechanisms of cytotoxicity, then it is possible that the true IC50 value of valuable and beneficial compounds for glioblastoma may have been missed through over/underestimation. This highlights the importance of reliability and accuracy in pre-animal models such as in vitro models of cytotoxicity for better predictive in vivo responses.

ACS Style

Elisabetta Damiani; Jessica A. Solorio; Aiden P. Doyle; Heather M. Wallace. How reliable are in vitro IC50 values? Values vary with cytotoxicity assays in human glioblastoma cells. Toxicology Letters 2018, 302, 28 -34.

AMA Style

Elisabetta Damiani, Jessica A. Solorio, Aiden P. Doyle, Heather M. Wallace. How reliable are in vitro IC50 values? Values vary with cytotoxicity assays in human glioblastoma cells. Toxicology Letters. 2018; 302 ():28-34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabetta Damiani; Jessica A. Solorio; Aiden P. Doyle; Heather M. Wallace. 2018. "How reliable are in vitro IC50 values? Values vary with cytotoxicity assays in human glioblastoma cells." Toxicology Letters 302, no. : 28-34.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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Most coral reefs worldwide are threatened by natural and anthropogenic impacts. Among them, the release in seawater of sunscreen products commonly used by tourists to protect their skin against the harmful effects of UV radiations, can affect tropical corals causing extensive and rapid bleaching. The use of inorganic (mineral) filters, such as zinc and titanium dioxide (ZnO and TiO) is increasing due to their broad UV protection spectrum and their limited penetration into the skin. In the present study, we evaluated through laboratory experiments, the impact on the corals Acropora spp. of uncoated ZnO nanoparticles and two modified forms of TiO (Eusolex®T2000 and Optisol™), largely utilized in commercial sunscreens together with organic filters. Our results demonstrate that uncoated ZnO induces a severe and fast coral bleaching due to the alteration of the symbiosis between coral and zooxanthellae. ZnO also directly affects symbiotic dinoflagellates and stimulates microbial enrichment in the seawater surrounding the corals. Conversely, Eusolex® T2000 and Optisol™ caused minimal alterations in the symbiotic interactions and did not cause bleaching, resulting more eco-compatible than ZnO. Due to the vulnerability of coral reefs to anthropogenic impacts and global change, our findings underline the need to accurately evaluate the effect of commercial filters on stony corals to minimize or avoid this additional source of impact to the life and resilience ability of coral reefs.

ACS Style

Cinzia Corinaldesi; Francesca Marcellini; Ettore Nepote; Elisabetta Damiani; Roberto Danovaro. Impact of inorganic UV filters contained in sunscreen products on tropical stony corals (Acropora spp.). Science of The Total Environment 2018, 637-638, 1279 -1285.

AMA Style

Cinzia Corinaldesi, Francesca Marcellini, Ettore Nepote, Elisabetta Damiani, Roberto Danovaro. Impact of inorganic UV filters contained in sunscreen products on tropical stony corals (Acropora spp.). Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 637-638 ():1279-1285.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cinzia Corinaldesi; Francesca Marcellini; Ettore Nepote; Elisabetta Damiani; Roberto Danovaro. 2018. "Impact of inorganic UV filters contained in sunscreen products on tropical stony corals (Acropora spp.)." Science of The Total Environment 637-638, no. : 1279-1285.

Research article
Published: 23 September 2018 in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the skin is among the highest compared to other organs, and a clear correlation exists between ROS production and skin aging. Many attempts are underway to reduce oxidative stress in the skin by topical treatment or supplementation with antioxidants/cosmeceuticals, and cultures of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) are widely used for these studies. Here, we examined the influence of oxygen tension on cell aging in HDF and how this impacted ROS production, the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant response system, and the efficacy of this defense system in limiting DNA damage and in modulating gene expression of proteins involved in the extracellular matrix, linked to skin aging. We investigated a selection of parameters that represent and reflect the behavior of cellular responses to aging and oxygen tension. Serial passaging of HDF under normoxia (21%) and hypoxia (5%) leads to cell aging as confirmed by β-galactosidase activity, p16 expression, and proliferation rate. However, in HDF under 21% O2, markers of aging were significantly increased compared to those under 5% O2 at matched cell passages despite having lower levels of intracellular ROS and higher levels of CoQ10, total GSH, SOD1, SOD3, and mitochondrial superoxide anion. miRNA-181a, which is known to be upregulated in HDF senescence, was also analyzed, and indeed, its expression was significantly increased in old cells at 21% O2 compared to those at 5% O2. Upregulation of MMP1 and downregulation of COL1A1 along with increased DNA damage were also observed under 21% O2 vs 5% O2. The data highlight that chronic exposure to atmospheric 21% O2 is able to trigger hormetic adaptive responses in HDF that however fail, in the long term, to prevent cellular aging. This information could be useful in further investigating molecular mechanisms involved in adaptation of skin fibroblasts to oxidative stress and may provide useful hints in addressing antiaging strategies.

ACS Style

Elisabetta Damiani; Francesca Brugè; Ilenia Cirilli; Fabio Marcheggiani; Fabiola Olivieri; Tatiana Armeni; Laura Cianfruglia; Angelica Giuliani; Patrick Orlando; Luca Tiano. Modulation of Oxidative Status by Normoxia and Hypoxia on Cultures of Human Dermal Fibroblasts: How Does It Affect Cell Aging? Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018, 2018, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Elisabetta Damiani, Francesca Brugè, Ilenia Cirilli, Fabio Marcheggiani, Fabiola Olivieri, Tatiana Armeni, Laura Cianfruglia, Angelica Giuliani, Patrick Orlando, Luca Tiano. Modulation of Oxidative Status by Normoxia and Hypoxia on Cultures of Human Dermal Fibroblasts: How Does It Affect Cell Aging? Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2018; 2018 ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabetta Damiani; Francesca Brugè; Ilenia Cirilli; Fabio Marcheggiani; Fabiola Olivieri; Tatiana Armeni; Laura Cianfruglia; Angelica Giuliani; Patrick Orlando; Luca Tiano. 2018. "Modulation of Oxidative Status by Normoxia and Hypoxia on Cultures of Human Dermal Fibroblasts: How Does It Affect Cell Aging?" Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018, no. : 1-15.

Review
Published: 01 July 2018 in The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
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Neurodegeneration represents a global problem due to the progressive increase in the aging population all over the world. The quality of life in aging and the cost for the health care system requires actions to promote healthy aging. In this regard, several risk factors associated with the development of neurodegeneration can be identified and programs to educate people on the key role of prevention could significantly ameliorate the future picture of the aging population. Here we describe the key role of the pre- and post-natal period of life during the first 1000 days of life, focusing on the importance of nutrition and a healthy life style of mother and offspring for the prevention of neurodegeneration later in life. Environmental risk factors (i.e. nutrition, stress, xenobiotics, alcohol, drugs, smoking, etc.) mediate the genetic and epigenetic signature of offspring which may have long-term effects on the onset of neurodegeneration.

ACS Style

Rosita Gabbianelli; Elisabetta Damiani. Epigenetics and neurodegeneration: role of early-life nutrition. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2018, 57, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Rosita Gabbianelli, Elisabetta Damiani. Epigenetics and neurodegeneration: role of early-life nutrition. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2018; 57 ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosita Gabbianelli; Elisabetta Damiani. 2018. "Epigenetics and neurodegeneration: role of early-life nutrition." The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 57, no. : 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2015 in Journal of Investigative Dermatology
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UV radiation-induced systemic immune suppression is a major risk factor for skin cancer induction. The migration of dermal mast cells from the skin to the draining lymph nodes has a prominent role in activating systemic immune suppression. UV-induced keratinocyte-derived platelet-activating factor (PAF) activates mast cell migration, in part by upregulating the expression of CXCR4 on the surface of mast cells. Others have indicated that epigenetic mechanisms regulate CXCR4 expression; therefore, we asked whether PAF activates epigenetic mechanisms in mast cells. Human mast cells were treated with PAF, and the effect on DNA methylation and/or acetylation was measured. PAF suppressed the expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 and 3b. On the other hand, PAF increased p300 histone acetyltransferase expression, and the acetylation of histone H3, which coincided with a decreased expression of the histone deacetylase HDAC2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that PAF treatment activated the acetylation of the CXCR4 promoter. Finally, inhibiting histone acetylation blocked p300 upregulation and suppressed PAF-induced surface expression of CXCR4. Our findings suggest a novel molecular mechanism for PAF, activation of epigenetic modifications. We suggest that PAF may serve as an endogenous molecular mediator that links the environment (UV radiation) with the epigenome.

ACS Style

Elisabetta Damiani; Nahum Puebla-Osorio; Enrique Gorbea; Stephen E. Ullrich. Platelet-Activating Factor Induces Epigenetic Modifications in Human Mast Cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2015, 135, 3034 -3040.

AMA Style

Elisabetta Damiani, Nahum Puebla-Osorio, Enrique Gorbea, Stephen E. Ullrich. Platelet-Activating Factor Induces Epigenetic Modifications in Human Mast Cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2015; 135 (12):3034-3040.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabetta Damiani; Nahum Puebla-Osorio; Enrique Gorbea; Stephen E. Ullrich. 2015. "Platelet-Activating Factor Induces Epigenetic Modifications in Human Mast Cells." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 135, no. 12: 3034-3040.

Comparative study
Published: 01 November 2015 in International Journal of Pharmaceutics
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Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are widely used for topical delivery of active ingredients into the skin for both local and systemic treatment. But concerns have been raised regarding their potential nanotoxicity. To understand the role of NLC composition in terms of cytotoxicity and pro-oxidant effects, we investigated cell viability and intracellular levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species) production in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) incubated with five NLC formulations differing in their solid lipid composition. HDF and NLC were also exposed to UVA irradiation in order to evaluate the behavior of NLC under realistic environmental conditions which might promote their instability. Using the Guava via-count assay, all nanoparticles, except for those formulated with Compritol 888 ATO, showed a significant decrease in live cells and a parallel increase in apoptotic or dead cells compared to the control, either before and/or after UVA irradiation (18 J/cm2). NLC formulated with Geleol™ Mono Diglycerides resulted the most cytotoxic. A similar trend was also observed when intracellular ROS levels were measured in HDF incubated with NLC: there was increased ROS content compared to the control, further exacerbated following UVA. NLC formulated with Dynasan 118 were particularly susceptible to UVA exposure. The results indicate which could be the most suitable candidates for formulating NLC that are biocompatible and non-cytotoxic even when exposed to UVA and hence help direct future choices during the formulation strategies of these delivery systems. Of those tested, Compritol 888 ATO appears to be the best choice.

ACS Style

Francesca Brugè; Elisabetta Damiani; Fabio Marcheggiani; Alessia Offerta; Carmelo Puglia; Luca Tiano. A comparative study on the possible cytotoxic effects of different nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) compositions in human dermal fibroblasts. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2015, 495, 879 -885.

AMA Style

Francesca Brugè, Elisabetta Damiani, Fabio Marcheggiani, Alessia Offerta, Carmelo Puglia, Luca Tiano. A comparative study on the possible cytotoxic effects of different nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) compositions in human dermal fibroblasts. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2015; 495 (2):879-885.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Brugè; Elisabetta Damiani; Fabio Marcheggiani; Alessia Offerta; Carmelo Puglia; Luca Tiano. 2015. "A comparative study on the possible cytotoxic effects of different nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) compositions in human dermal fibroblasts." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 495, no. 2: 879-885.

Journal article
Published: 22 May 2015 in International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
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The influence of commonly used steeping times and temperatures, as well as leaf size on the antioxidant activity and sensory attributes of tea were studied. Five unblended white and green tea samples from China and Malawi, infused in hot (70 °C and 90 °C; 7 min) or cold water (room temperature: 15, 30, 60, or 120 min) either as whole leaves or as milled, were analyzed. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant power (ABTS assay) were measured. The results show that the maximum extraction efficiency occurs with cold water for 120 min and with hot water at 90 °C and that only in the case of teas from whole, large leaves, the extraction was greater in cold than in hot infusions. Moreover, tea infusions prepared from milled leaves have the greatest antioxidant activity. In the sensory evaluation of some of the tea infusions, white teas were perceived more fragrant than green ones and were judged as the most favorite by the majority of the judges, especially for the brew prepared in cold water from whole leaves; all infusions obtained from the milled leaves in fact have a more bitter and astringent taste.

ACS Style

Sara Castiglioni; Elisabetta Damiani; Paola Astolfi; Patricia Carloni. Influence of steeping conditions (time, temperature, and particle size) on antioxidant properties and sensory attributes of some white and green teas. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 2015, 66, 491 -497.

AMA Style

Sara Castiglioni, Elisabetta Damiani, Paola Astolfi, Patricia Carloni. Influence of steeping conditions (time, temperature, and particle size) on antioxidant properties and sensory attributes of some white and green teas. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2015; 66 (5):491-497.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Castiglioni; Elisabetta Damiani; Paola Astolfi; Patricia Carloni. 2015. "Influence of steeping conditions (time, temperature, and particle size) on antioxidant properties and sensory attributes of some white and green teas." International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 66, no. 5: 491-497.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2015 in Cell Death & Disease
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ACS Style

N Puebla-Osorio; Elisabetta Damiani; L Bover; S E Ullrich. Platelet-activating factor induces cell cycle arrest and disrupts the DNA damage response in mast cells. Cell Death & Disease 2015, 6, e1745 -e1745.

AMA Style

N Puebla-Osorio, Elisabetta Damiani, L Bover, S E Ullrich. Platelet-activating factor induces cell cycle arrest and disrupts the DNA damage response in mast cells. Cell Death & Disease. 2015; 6 (5):e1745-e1745.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N Puebla-Osorio; Elisabetta Damiani; L Bover; S E Ullrich. 2015. "Platelet-activating factor induces cell cycle arrest and disrupts the DNA damage response in mast cells." Cell Death & Disease 6, no. 5: e1745-e1745.

Research article
Published: 25 January 2015 in Photochemistry and Photobiology
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This study was carried out to investigate the anti‐tumor effect and mechanism of hiporfin‐mediated photodynamic therapy (hiporfin‐PDT) in osteosarcoma. We found that hiporfin accumulated mainly in the cytoplasm of osteosarcoma cells in a time and concentration‐dependent manner. Hiporfin‐PDT inhibited the proliferation, induced apoptosis and produced cell cycle arrest at G2M in osteosarcoma cell lines. Hiporfin‐PDT increased the expression of cleaved‐caspase‐3, cleaved PARP‐1, Bax and RIP1 while it decreased the expression of Bcl‐2; in addition, low concentration of hiporfin increased LC3 conversion. Furthermore, cell death caused by hiporfin‐PDT could be rescued by Nec‐1 but not by Z‐VAD‐FMK. Production of reactive oxygen species was increased after hiporfin‐PDT. In vivo studies showed a significant decrease in tumor volume and weight after hiporfin‐PDT in all three tumor mouse models investigated (subcutaneous and orthotopic). Histological analysis showed widespread cell apoptosis and necrosis after treatment. Immunohistochemistry also showed upregulation of cleaved‐caspase‐3 and downregulation of Bcl‐2 after hiporfin‐PDT. These results indicate that hiporfin‐PDT exhibits a killing effect in osteosarcoma both in vitro and in vivo, which is associated with apoptosis and necroptosis, while autophagy plays a protective role. All these findings shed light on a potential future clinical use for hiporfin in the treatment of osteosarcoma.

ACS Style

Mengxiong Sun; Chenghao Zhou; Hui Zeng; Nahum Puebla; Elisabetta Damiani; Zhou Chenghao; Hongsheng Wang; Damiani Elisabetta; Wang Zhuoying; Liancheng Shan; Dongqing Zuo; Yuxin Liao; Zhuoying Wang; Cai Zhengdong; Yingqi Hua; Zhengdong Cai. Hiporfin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in Preclinical Treatment of Osteosarcoma. Photochemistry and Photobiology 2015, 91, 533 -544.

AMA Style

Mengxiong Sun, Chenghao Zhou, Hui Zeng, Nahum Puebla, Elisabetta Damiani, Zhou Chenghao, Hongsheng Wang, Damiani Elisabetta, Wang Zhuoying, Liancheng Shan, Dongqing Zuo, Yuxin Liao, Zhuoying Wang, Cai Zhengdong, Yingqi Hua, Zhengdong Cai. Hiporfin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in Preclinical Treatment of Osteosarcoma. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 2015; 91 (3):533-544.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mengxiong Sun; Chenghao Zhou; Hui Zeng; Nahum Puebla; Elisabetta Damiani; Zhou Chenghao; Hongsheng Wang; Damiani Elisabetta; Wang Zhuoying; Liancheng Shan; Dongqing Zuo; Yuxin Liao; Zhuoying Wang; Cai Zhengdong; Yingqi Hua; Zhengdong Cai. 2015. "Hiporfin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in Preclinical Treatment of Osteosarcoma." Photochemistry and Photobiology 91, no. 3: 533-544.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2014 in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
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ACS Style

Elisabetta Damiani; Tiziana Bacchetti; Lucia Padella; Luca Tiano; Patricia Carloni. Antioxidant activity of different white teas: Comparison of hot and cold tea infusions. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2014, 33, 59 -66.

AMA Style

Elisabetta Damiani, Tiziana Bacchetti, Lucia Padella, Luca Tiano, Patricia Carloni. Antioxidant activity of different white teas: Comparison of hot and cold tea infusions. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2014; 33 (1):59-66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabetta Damiani; Tiziana Bacchetti; Lucia Padella; Luca Tiano; Patricia Carloni. 2014. "Antioxidant activity of different white teas: Comparison of hot and cold tea infusions." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 33, no. 1: 59-66.

Research article
Published: 07 January 2014 in PLOS ONE
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UVA rays present in sunlight are able to reach the dermal skin layer generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for oxidative damage, alterations in gene expression, DNA damage, leading to cell inflammation, photo-ageing/-carcinogenesis. Sunscreens contain UV filters as active ingredients that absorb/reflect/dissipate UV radiation: their efficiency depends on their spectral profile and photostability which should then be reflected in biological protection of underlying skin. A set of new UV filters was synthesized, and the most photostable one was compared to BMDBM, a widely used UVA filter. Cultured human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to UVA radiation which was filtered by a base cream containing or not UV filters placed above cell culture wells. The endpoints measured were: cell viability (MTT assay), ROS generation (DCFH-DA assay), mitochondrial function (JC-1 assay), DNA integrity (Comet assay) and gene expression (MMP-1, COL1A1) by RT-qPCR. The new UV filter resulted more efficient than BMDBM in preserving cell viability, mitochondrial functionality and oxidative DNA damage, despite similar inhibition levels of intracellular ROS. Moreover, expression of genes involved in dermal photoageing were positively affected by the filtering action of the tested molecules. The experimental model proposed was able to validate the efficacy of the new UV filter, taking into account important cellular events related to UV-induced intracellular oxidative stress, often underestimated in the assessments of these compounds. The model may be used to compare the actual biological protection of commercial sunscreens and suncare products aside from their SPF and UVA-PF values.

ACS Style

Francesca Bruge; Luca Tiano; Paola Astolfi; Monica Emanuelli; Elisabetta Damiani. Prevention of UVA-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Dermal Fibroblasts by New UV Filters, Assessed Using a Novel In Vitro Experimental System. PLOS ONE 2014, 9, e83401 .

AMA Style

Francesca Bruge, Luca Tiano, Paola Astolfi, Monica Emanuelli, Elisabetta Damiani. Prevention of UVA-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Dermal Fibroblasts by New UV Filters, Assessed Using a Novel In Vitro Experimental System. PLOS ONE. 2014; 9 (1):e83401.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Bruge; Luca Tiano; Paola Astolfi; Monica Emanuelli; Elisabetta Damiani. 2014. "Prevention of UVA-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Dermal Fibroblasts by New UV Filters, Assessed Using a Novel In Vitro Experimental System." PLOS ONE 9, no. 1: e83401.